Psych- learnsmart chapter 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and language

Match the Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence type with the most appropriate description.

1.) Analytic intelligence: Skills such as analyzing, evaluating, and making comparisons between objects are strengths of this type of intelligence. 2.) Creative intelligence: Skills such as designing, inventing and imagination are strengths of this type of intelligence. 3.) Practical intelligence: Skills such as putting ideas into practice, applying your knowledge, and making things work are strengths of this type of intelligence.

Match the terms and descriptions.

1.) Conformation Bias: When you search for information that already supports your ideas instead of looking at all of the information critically. 2.) Hindsight Bias: "I knew it all along" effect in which you say to someone once you already know the results or conclusion, that you "knew that" even if you really weren't sure. 3.) Availability Heuristic: Predicting the likelihood of an event based on how recent or accessible it is in your thoughts. 4.) Representative Heuristic: Predicting or making judgments about others based on how likely they match to a stereotype that you may have.

People with an intelligence quotient of ______ or higher are considered to be gifted.

130

"Blank" is the ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and come up with unconventional solutions to problems.

Creativity

______ is evaluating alternatives and making choices among them.

Decision making

reasoning is reasoning from the general to the specific.

Deductive or Deduction

Which of the following terms describe the controlled system (or "system 2") of conscious reasoning and decision making?

Effortful Analytical

Who suggested that there are 9 types of intelligence, or "frames of mind," which include mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligence?

Gardner

Which statement best summarizes Chomsky's views on language development?

Humans are biologically prewired to learn language.

______ reasoning is reasoning from the specific to the general.

Inductive

According to Robert Sternberg, what is practical intelligence?

The ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into action

"Blank" refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Validity

According to Gardner, which of the following are types of intelligence?

Verbal Intrapersonal Spatial Bodily-kinesthetic

Finding an appropriate way to attain a goal when the goal is not readily available is called

problem solving

Reasoning is

the mental activity of transforming information to reach a conclusion.

Confirmation bias is

the tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them.

Manipulating information mentally by forming concepts, solving problems, making decisions, and reflecting critically or creatively is the definition of

thinking

Practical intelligence is the ability to

use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practice.

According to Gardner, ______ intelligence is the ability to think in words and use language to express meaning.

verbal

Which of the following is the tendency to search for and use information that supports, rather than refutes, our ideas?

Conformation Bias

What is cognitive appraisal?

An individual's interpretation of the events in their lives, and their determination as to whether they have the resources to cope with the events

Processes that occur without awareness or effort are called ______ processes.

Automatic

"Blank" are mental categories that are used to group objects, events, and characteristics.

Concepts

"Blank" is the repeating of sounds and syllables, such as "bababa," that typically begins at the age of 4 to 6 months.

Babbling or Babble

"Blank" "Blank" means finding an appropriate way to attain a goal when the goal is not readily available.

Blank 1: Problem Blank 2: Solving

The "Blank" "Blank" is a prediction about the probability of an event based on the ease of recalling or imagining similar events.

Blank 1: availability Blank 2: heuristic

Evaluating alternatives and making choices among them is known as "Blank" "Blank".

Blank 1: decision Blank 2: making

The term "Blank" "Blank" is an individual's mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100.

Blank 1: intelligence Blank 2: quotient

The "Blank" "Blank" hypothesis states that language determines the way we think.

Blank 1: linguistic Blank 2: relativity

Which theorist believed that children cannot possibly learn the full rules and structure of languages only by imitating what they hear but rather they are biologically prewired with a universal grammar?

Chomsky

"Blank" is the way in which information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.

Cognition

The way in which information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing is known as

Cognition

______ involves regulating our feelings about an experience by reinterpreting it or thinking about it in a different way or from a different angle.

Cognitive reappraisal

"Blank" is a form of communication, whether spoken, written, or signed, that is based on a system of symbols.

Language

"Blank" refers to being alert and mentally present for one's everyday activities.

Mindfulness, Mindful, or Mindfullness

"Blank" is a language's sound system.

Phonology

The mental activity of transforming information to reach conclusions is known as "Blank". This skill is involved in problem solving and decision making, and it is can be categorized as either inductive or deductive.

Reasoning

Which of the following statements about reasoning and decision making is true?

Reasoning and decision making can occur outside of conscious awareness.

"Blank" is the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance.

Reliability or Reliable

What is validity?

The extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure

What is reliability?

The extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance

What is reasoning?

The mental activity of transforming information to reach conclusions

What is hindsight bias?

The tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome

The availability heuristic is

a prediction about the probability of an event based on the ease of recalling or imagining similar events.

Language is a form of communication, whether spoken, written, or signed, that is based on

a system of symbols.

According to Robert Sternberg, "Blank" intelligence is the ability to judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast.

analytical

Cognitive "Blank" is an individual's interpretation of the events in their lives as harmful, threatening, or challenging, and their determination as to whether they have the resources to cope effectively with the events.

appraisal

Mental categories that are used to group objects, events, and characteristics are known as

concepts

According to Robert Sternberg, "Blank" intelligence is the ability to design, invent, originate, and imagine.

creative

The term to describe an individual who has an IQ of 130 or higher and/or superior talent in a particular area is

gifted

The proportion of observable differences that is attributed to genetic differences in a population is known as "Blank".

heritability

Reasoning from the specific to the general or from the bottom-up is known as

inductive reasoning.

Problem-solving skills and the ability to adapt to and learn from life's everyday experiences is known as

intelligence

The term "Blank" describes individual differences in problem-solving skills and the ability to adapt to and learn from life's everyday experiences.

intelligence

An individual's mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100 is known as

intelligence quotient.

People are willing to give up the prospect of gaining something, if it helps them avoid the possibility of losing something. This is known as ______.

loss aversion

Scientists, engineers, and accountants are people who are likely to have a high level of _____ intelligence.

mathematical

An individual's level of mental development relative to that of others is known as

mental age (MA)

Being alert and mentally present for one's everyday activities is known as

mindfulness.

Cognitive "Blank" involves regulating our feelings about an experience by reinterpreting it or thinking about it in a different way.

reappraisal

Deductive reasoning is

reasoning from the general to the specific.

The tendency to make judgments about group memberships based on physical appearances rather than on available base rate information is called the

representativeness heuristic.

The "Blank" heuristic is the tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information.

representativeness or representative