anthropology exam 3

which term best describes a system which requires a third party who has the power to render decisions

adjudication

which term best describes a category of people based on age

age grade

which term best describes a group of people initiated into an age grade at the same time

age set

which term best describes a small autonomous group of related people occupying a single region

band

which term permits a great deal of social mobility

open-class society

animism refers to

spirit beings that live in natural objects

which term best describes a belief that some persons have an innate psychic power to cause harm

witchcraft

the classic example of a system of social caste is found in

India

the group that requires a deliberate act of joining, though not necessarily voluntary is

a common interest association

an age set is best defined as

a group of people, based on age, who move through a series of stages together for much of their lives

the major purpose of associations formed in rapidly changing and newly urbanized societies is usually

adapting to new conditions

which term best describes a political organization that cuts across territorial and kin groupings

age-grade organization

A factor that may adversely affect mobility is

an extended family organization

sanction is best defined as

an externalized social control

Mana is a name given to

an impersonal abstract force and is an example of animatism

in an egalitarian society

an individual's position in society depends mostly on his or her own abilities

which term best describes an entity which is believed to display many of the traits of living humans

ancestral spirits

which term best describes the belief that spirit beings animate nature

animism

which term best describes a kind of social class in which membership is determined at birth and remains fixed

caste

which system is found in all societies with larger populations and surplus of production

centralized political systems

which term best describes a regional polity in which two or more local groups are organized under one person

chiefdom

one of the difference between food foragers and agricultural or pastoral peoples that may account for different attitudes of these groups toward warfare is the

commitment to specific areas of land

Which term best describes a group not based on age, kinship, marriage, territory or rank

common-interest association, egalitarian society

basic functions of law includes

defining relationships among members of society defining who has authority to employ coercion redefining social relations and ensuring social flexibility

divination is define, in part, as

determination of the cause of an event by magical means

which term best describes the procedure for determining the cause of an event or predicting the future

divination

which term best describes a society in which the number of valued positions is equal to the number of people capable of filling them

egalitarian society

religious rituals function generally as a means of

enabling people to relate to the supernatural

one of the most important basic functions of a political system is to

ensure that people behave in certain ways

which term best describes a long oral narrative that recounts the life of a real or legendary person

epic

in a large number of traditional societies, women's influence on social control is

equal to mens

the worldview of farming and pastoral societies tends to be

exploitative

which term best describes the concept that nature exists only to be used by humans

exploitative worldview

which term best describes a study of verbal art forms

folkloristics

comparison of religious activity in most Western societies with that in most food-foraging societies shows that

food-foraging societies are more likely to include religious activity in their daily routine

which term best describes controls designed to regulate behavior precisely and explicitly

formal sanctions

supernatural beings, often with human like qualities, who seem rather remote yet control the universe and take an interest in human affairs are called

gods and goddesses

whether groups worship gods or goddesses or both depends mostly upon

how men and women relate to each other in the society

political organizations are found in

hunting-gathering bands tribes organized around descent groups societies encompassing many clans

which term best describes beings "seen" in the deepest stage of a trance

iconic images

the general purpose of age groupings is best described as a means of

identifying a number of life stages

religion is used to legitimize political structures and leadership

in a wide range of societies

the term crime has different meaning in Western and non-Western societies because

in many non-Western societies, all offenses are considered to be against individuals

shamans gain their powers through

individual effort and perform services on behalf of human clients

to maintain social order, the amish of Pennsylvania mostly rely on

internal controls and informal sanctions

which term best describes beliefs so strong held that the individual controls his or her own conduct

internalized controls

which term best describes an external sanction that requires the threat or application of physical force by an individual or organization having the socially recognized privilege of so acting

law

which term best describes support for the political system based on important values of the society

legitimacy

which term best describes the use of specified rituals and formulas to compel supernatural forces to behave in desired ways

magic

archaeology is best defined as the study of

material remains

which term best describes a system which requires a third party, who does not have power to enforce decisions

mediation

which term best describes the ability to change one's class position

mobility

which term best describes a story situation in a folk tale

motif

which term best describes a sacred narrative explaining how the world came to be

myth

which term best describes a concept based on respect for and dependence on nature

naturalistic worldview

which term best describes a form of externalized control that discourages certain behaviors

negative sanctions

a formal sanction is always

organized

which term best describes a collection of the gods and goddesses of a people

pantheon

a ceremony marking a crucial point in the life of an individual is called a rite of

passage

marriage is classified as a rite of

passage

the fundamental means by which societies maintain public order is by

political organization

approval of a marriage arrangement by neighbors would be classified as a

positive informal sanction

social mobility refers to the

possibility of changing one's social class membership

the band represents

probably the oldest form of political organization

NOT a basic function of law

protecting land or territory from misappropriation

social functions of religion doesn't include

providing an outlet for unstable personalities

the term stratified society refers to

ranking of classes based on wealth, power, and prestige

viewing societies as a whole, it has been found that women reach high positions of political leadership

rarely

which term best describes any form of manipulation of supernatural beings and powers

religion

a deliberate effort by members of a society to construct a more satisfying culture results in

revitalization movements

which term best describes rituals marking crises in the life of a the group

rites of intesification

which term best describes rituals marking important stages in life of an individual

rites of passage

which term best describes a means through which an individual relates to the supernatural

ritual

according to anthropological definition religion always involves

rituals to mobilize supernatural forces to achieve or prevent transformations

according to the textbook, the social functions of religion include

sanctioning an acceptable range of conduct setting precedents for acceptable behavior helping to maintain social solidarity

which term best describes a form of political organization in which a larger group is divided into clans and then into lineages

segmentary lineage system

which term best describes one who develops special religious powers through his or her own initiative

shaman

which term best describes a set of families and individuals who enjoy nearly equal prestige

social class

which term best describes the methods employed to ensure acceptable behavior by members of a society

social control

because religion fulfills many social and psychological needs, some form of religion has been found in all

societies

which term best describes a centralized system that has the power to coerce

state

which term best describes division of society into groups with unequal sharing of resources, prestige, and influence

stratified society

the assumption basic to the concept of trial by ordeal is that

supernatural forces will protect the innocent and punish the guilty

the concept of legitimacy is an important aspect of

support for the political system

which term best describes an activity or possession indicative of a given social class

symbolic indicator

a naturalistic worldview is best summed up as a

tendency to live in close harmony with nature

Is NOT a characteristic of the state pattern of political organization

tendency toward egalitarianism

In a chiefdom

the leaders are considered one class, the rest of the population another class

the definition of law included in the textbook includes

the threat or use of physical force

which term best describes scale systems and their modifications

tonality

which term best describes a wrongful act or injury of an individual

tort

common interest associations are found in

traditional nonindustrial societies advanced industrial societies rapidly changing urban societies

the term that is used by anthropologists to describe one kind of political system is

tribe

which term best describes a group of bands or villages integrated by several unifying factors, including language and culture

tribe

from the viewpoint of anthropology, magic is the

use of specific formulas to compel supernatural forces to act in certain ways

according to the textbook, the psychological functions of religion include all of the following except

validating the political and social organization of a culture

internalized controls are best defined as

values and beliefs that the individual subscribes

in a stratified society

various groups do not share equally in the basic resources that support life, influence, and prestige

which term best describes what people say about others in their own society

verbal evaluation

The group that is based on an age grade is the

warriors of the Tiriki