Anthropology Final

According to the lecture, when did earth hit its first billion people? 10,000 BC, with the rise of domes 33 AD, or around the beginning of the Christian calendar 1800, with the rise of Industrialism Just recently, in the year 2000

1800, with the rise of Industrialism

A language of mixed origin that developed from a complex blending of two parent languages is called a cognate language a creole slang a language ideology

A creole

Who taught Washoe (an ape) American Sign Language? Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf Allen and Beatrix Gardener Jakob Grimm Robin Lakoff

Allan and Beatrix Gardner

Koko and Washo were two primates who had learned call sounds American Sign Language Morse code English

American Sign Language

Ethnicity differs from race in that: Ethnicity always refers to your country of origin Ethnicity refers to your ancestors' country of origin Ethnicity is a group that believes they share a common culture and/ or ancestry An individual's ethnicity is a label based on his/her physical characteristics

Ethnicity is a group that believes they share a common culture and/ or ancestry

This assumes a close relationship between language and culture and claims that language defines people's experiences Semantics Duality Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Displacement

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Capitalism is an example of: Reciprocity A closed economic system Redistribution A Market System

a market system

A structural-functionalist would be most likely to analyze violence as a reflection of deep ethnic hatreds an innate condition of humanity the best way to create segmentary lineages a means of creating and maintaining social order

a means of creating and maintaining social order

Concordant traits are: A set of traits that always occur together A set of traits that can occur independently of each other A set of traits that never occur together A set of traits that are the same for every individual

a set of traits that always occur together

According to the lecture, animism, on the most basic level, is the belief in: a deity ancestors who have become deities a soul anthropomorphized animals

a soul

A good illustration of the Marxist concept of surplus value is a worker who gets their pay increased for efficient production a worker makes one $30 sweater every hour in a factory but gets paid only $15 a worker improves her or his efficiency by not taking bathroom breaks a factory owner prevents labor unions from forming in the factory

a worker makes one $30 sweater every hour in a factory but gets paid only $15

In an anthropological context, magic refers to: what David Blaine and David Copperfield do in their acts phony supernatural deeds performed by people to demonstrate their powers evil supernatural deeds performed by one human against another acts performed to try to control and manipulate the supernatural

acts performed to try to control and manipulate the supernatural

The Green Revolution has initiated a worldwide change in preventing destruction of the world's rain forests carbon capture how governments permit corporations to conduct forestry practices agriculture in the developing world

agriculture in the developing world

One of the plausible reasons for the lack of surpluses in hunter-gatherer groups is that surpluses could deplete local resources. This argument is called an optimal foraging strategy a primary foraging strategy an environmental foraging strategy a generalized foraging strategy

an optimal foraging strategy

According to the lecture, societies where resources are plentiful and warfare is external tend to have _______________ post-marital residence patterns. Patrilocal Matrilocal Avunculocal Neolocal

avunculocal

According to the lecture, all religions have in common, by definition: belief in a god full-time specialists who direct religious activities diviners belief in some form of the supernatural

belief in some form of the supernatural

The maximum population of a species allowed by existing environmental conditions and resources Ecological Footprint Maximum Capacity Sustainable Capacity Carrying Capacity

carrying capacity

The point of Mary Douglas' comparison of the proper sequence of an English meal (with dessert at the end), to the structure of a sentence, was to demonstrate that economic systems and food have strong similarities show how demanding proper English cuisine could be demonstrate how food was a form of symbolic communication illustrate the inequality gap in the consumption of food

demonstrate how food was a form of symbolic communication

By the end of the Paleolithic Era, humans had accomplished all of the following EXCEPT: Use of fire Migration into North and South America Domestication of plants A complex language system

domestication of plants

Of the many reasons suggested for the abandonment of the Mayan city of Copán, one reason we can safely say was not part of the process was rioting hurricanes famine drought

drought

An ecological footprint is a measurement of the population an area can support. T or F

false

Corruption is only a serious problem in non-Western societies. T or F

false

Countries find it relatively easy to decide what language its citizens will speak. T or F

false

Forensic scientists can identify the race of an individual's skull with 100% accuracy. T or F

false

Languages always change very slowly, taking generations or even centuries. T or F

false

Rich documentation describing the minute details of daily life exist for all of the city-states in the Middle East region, including Mesopotamia and Egypt. T or F

false

Studies have shown that marriage is mostly about sex. T or F

false

What are people who belong to conservative religious movements that advocate a return to traditional principles called? believers practitioners faithful fundamentalists

fundamentalists

For most hunter-gatherer societies, most of the diet comes from: meat gathered plants fish and small game domesticated plants

gathered plants

Which is not a characteristic of civilization as defined in the lecture? System of Writing Intensive agriculture Public Works Gender Stratification

gender stratification

The EARLIEST domesticates include grasses and dogs potatoes and alpacas goats and olives cattle and beans

grasses and dogs

According to the lecture, which of the following forms of technology is specifically related to the practice of agriculture? nets hoes digging sticks horse-drawn plow

horse drawn plow

To say that human race is a folk taxonomy means that: the concept is important only in modern industrial societies it is found only among very primitive cultures race only has meaning in scientific Western cultures it is an example of a set of cultural categories based on physical differences

it is an example of a set of cultural categories based on physical differences

What is the significance of tubers as a very early cultigen in the New Guinea Highlands? it proves that early humans were successfully living in New Guinea it demonstrates that trade networks existed long before the appearance of agricultural techniques it shows us that early cultigens can be something other than grains it provides evidence of the health of the New Guinea Highlands population today

it shows us that early cultigens can be something other than grains

The exchange of brass rods for the purchase of cattle or the payment of bride price is an example of the use of surplus value general purpose money limited purpose money exchange value

limited purpose money

When anthropologists study the way people use language in real settings rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on parole language phonetics morphology

parole

Marriage takes different forms in different places. All the terms listed below are forms of marriage except polyamory polyandry polygamy polygyny

polyamory

The practice of a man having more than one spouse is called: monogamy polyandry polygyny polymorphy

polygyny

Which of the following is NOT a type of reciprocity distinguished by Marshall Sahlins? General Balanced Positive Negative

positive

What is the relationship between power and authority? Power and authority are synonymous and there is no difference between the terms Where there is power, there is always authority Power can exist without authority Authority usually exists without power in state level societies

power can exist without authority

Which of the following is not an example of the ways humans vary biologically? blood type immune system response the ability to resist certain diseases race

race

What is a life cycle ritual that marks a person's or group of persons' transition from one social state to another? magic animism totemism rite of passage

rite of passage

Which of the following developed groups for categorizing humans into distinct races? soldiers scientists clergy explorers

scientists

The Inis Beag of Ireland are an example of a: Sexually restrictive society Sexually moderate society Sexually permissive society Society with an unusually early age of marriage

sexually restrictive society

A society having many different parts organized into a single social system is said to have unified government economic complexity social complexity social diversity

social complexity

In some Pentecostal and charismatic Christian religions adherents experience an ecstatic religious happening (often associated with shamanism), which is known as praying speaking in tongues pilgrimage meditation

speaking in tongues

The core of Anthony F. C. Wallace's understanding of religion was belief in supernatural things the afterlife Jesus God

supernatural things

According to the lecture, the Neolithic began with the development of the plow. the use of irrigation the domestication of plants and animals the advent of social complexity

the domestication of plants and animals

Variations in skin pigmentation can be traced to the latitude where one's ancestors spent the most time differences in body mass changing body shapes since Homo emerged as a genus differences in the human leukocyte antigen system

the latitude where one's ancestors spent the most time

Consumer capitalism contributes to increasing ecological footprints in industrialized nations because the production of goods is not sustainable and uses too many raw materials it promotes the idea that people need more things to be happy goods are shipped using fossil fuels all of the above

the production of goods is not sustainable and uses too many raw materials it promotes the idea that people need more things to be happy goods are shipped using fossil fuels

The social processes that make race part of the natural order of things stereotyping hegemony structural violence the way race is naturalized

the way race is naturalized

Which of the following is NOT a reason the Dani of New Guinea participate in ritualized warfare? Entertainment/Sport To secure grazing lands for sheep Co-Wife resentment Revenge

to secure grazing land for sheep

As the intensity of agricultural practices increases, the range of cultigens decreases. T or F

true

Most people are unaware of the structure of a language until someone speaking it makes a mistake. T or F

true

One of the biggest problems found in industrial agriculture is overproduction. T or F

true

Women provide most of the diet in foraging societies. T or F

true

Women who practice polyandry tend to marry two or more male cousins a father and his sons two or more male friends two or more brothers

two or more brothers

Does race have biological consequences? no, because of culture no, because of naturalization yes, because of globalization yes, because of racism

yes, because of racsism