Anthropology Final
According to the lecture, when did earth hit its first billion people? 10,000 BC, with the rise of domes 33 AD, or around the beginning of the Christian calendar 1800, with the rise of Industrialism Just recently, in the year 2000
1800, with the rise of Industrialism
A language of mixed origin that developed from a complex blending of two parent languages is called a cognate language a creole slang a language ideology
A creole
Who taught Washoe (an ape) American Sign Language? Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf Allen and Beatrix Gardener Jakob Grimm Robin Lakoff
Allan and Beatrix Gardner
Koko and Washo were two primates who had learned call sounds American Sign Language Morse code English
American Sign Language
Ethnicity differs from race in that: Ethnicity always refers to your country of origin Ethnicity refers to your ancestors' country of origin Ethnicity is a group that believes they share a common culture and/ or ancestry An individual's ethnicity is a label based on his/her physical characteristics
Ethnicity is a group that believes they share a common culture and/ or ancestry
This assumes a close relationship between language and culture and claims that language defines people's experiences Semantics Duality Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Displacement
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Capitalism is an example of: Reciprocity A closed economic system Redistribution A Market System
a market system
A structural-functionalist would be most likely to analyze violence as a reflection of deep ethnic hatreds an innate condition of humanity the best way to create segmentary lineages a means of creating and maintaining social order
a means of creating and maintaining social order
Concordant traits are: A set of traits that always occur together A set of traits that can occur independently of each other A set of traits that never occur together A set of traits that are the same for every individual
a set of traits that always occur together
According to the lecture, animism, on the most basic level, is the belief in: a deity ancestors who have become deities a soul anthropomorphized animals
a soul
A good illustration of the Marxist concept of surplus value is a worker who gets their pay increased for efficient production a worker makes one $30 sweater every hour in a factory but gets paid only $15 a worker improves her or his efficiency by not taking bathroom breaks a factory owner prevents labor unions from forming in the factory
a worker makes one $30 sweater every hour in a factory but gets paid only $15
In an anthropological context, magic refers to: what David Blaine and David Copperfield do in their acts phony supernatural deeds performed by people to demonstrate their powers evil supernatural deeds performed by one human against another acts performed to try to control and manipulate the supernatural
acts performed to try to control and manipulate the supernatural
The Green Revolution has initiated a worldwide change in preventing destruction of the world's rain forests carbon capture how governments permit corporations to conduct forestry practices agriculture in the developing world
agriculture in the developing world
One of the plausible reasons for the lack of surpluses in hunter-gatherer groups is that surpluses could deplete local resources. This argument is called an optimal foraging strategy a primary foraging strategy an environmental foraging strategy a generalized foraging strategy
an optimal foraging strategy
According to the lecture, societies where resources are plentiful and warfare is external tend to have _______________ post-marital residence patterns. Patrilocal Matrilocal Avunculocal Neolocal
avunculocal
According to the lecture, all religions have in common, by definition: belief in a god full-time specialists who direct religious activities diviners belief in some form of the supernatural
belief in some form of the supernatural
The maximum population of a species allowed by existing environmental conditions and resources Ecological Footprint Maximum Capacity Sustainable Capacity Carrying Capacity
carrying capacity
The point of Mary Douglas' comparison of the proper sequence of an English meal (with dessert at the end), to the structure of a sentence, was to demonstrate that economic systems and food have strong similarities show how demanding proper English cuisine could be demonstrate how food was a form of symbolic communication illustrate the inequality gap in the consumption of food
demonstrate how food was a form of symbolic communication
By the end of the Paleolithic Era, humans had accomplished all of the following EXCEPT: Use of fire Migration into North and South America Domestication of plants A complex language system
domestication of plants
Of the many reasons suggested for the abandonment of the Mayan city of Copán, one reason we can safely say was not part of the process was rioting hurricanes famine drought
drought
An ecological footprint is a measurement of the population an area can support. T or F
false
Corruption is only a serious problem in non-Western societies. T or F
false
Countries find it relatively easy to decide what language its citizens will speak. T or F
false
Forensic scientists can identify the race of an individual's skull with 100% accuracy. T or F
false
Languages always change very slowly, taking generations or even centuries. T or F
false
Rich documentation describing the minute details of daily life exist for all of the city-states in the Middle East region, including Mesopotamia and Egypt. T or F
false
Studies have shown that marriage is mostly about sex. T or F
false
What are people who belong to conservative religious movements that advocate a return to traditional principles called? believers practitioners faithful fundamentalists
fundamentalists
For most hunter-gatherer societies, most of the diet comes from: meat gathered plants fish and small game domesticated plants
gathered plants
Which is not a characteristic of civilization as defined in the lecture? System of Writing Intensive agriculture Public Works Gender Stratification
gender stratification
The EARLIEST domesticates include grasses and dogs potatoes and alpacas goats and olives cattle and beans
grasses and dogs
According to the lecture, which of the following forms of technology is specifically related to the practice of agriculture? nets hoes digging sticks horse-drawn plow
horse drawn plow
To say that human race is a folk taxonomy means that: the concept is important only in modern industrial societies it is found only among very primitive cultures race only has meaning in scientific Western cultures it is an example of a set of cultural categories based on physical differences
it is an example of a set of cultural categories based on physical differences
What is the significance of tubers as a very early cultigen in the New Guinea Highlands? it proves that early humans were successfully living in New Guinea it demonstrates that trade networks existed long before the appearance of agricultural techniques it shows us that early cultigens can be something other than grains it provides evidence of the health of the New Guinea Highlands population today
it shows us that early cultigens can be something other than grains
The exchange of brass rods for the purchase of cattle or the payment of bride price is an example of the use of surplus value general purpose money limited purpose money exchange value
limited purpose money
When anthropologists study the way people use language in real settings rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on parole language phonetics morphology
parole
Marriage takes different forms in different places. All the terms listed below are forms of marriage except polyamory polyandry polygamy polygyny
polyamory
The practice of a man having more than one spouse is called: monogamy polyandry polygyny polymorphy
polygyny
Which of the following is NOT a type of reciprocity distinguished by Marshall Sahlins? General Balanced Positive Negative
positive
What is the relationship between power and authority? Power and authority are synonymous and there is no difference between the terms Where there is power, there is always authority Power can exist without authority Authority usually exists without power in state level societies
power can exist without authority
Which of the following is not an example of the ways humans vary biologically? blood type immune system response the ability to resist certain diseases race
race
What is a life cycle ritual that marks a person's or group of persons' transition from one social state to another? magic animism totemism rite of passage
rite of passage
Which of the following developed groups for categorizing humans into distinct races? soldiers scientists clergy explorers
scientists
The Inis Beag of Ireland are an example of a: Sexually restrictive society Sexually moderate society Sexually permissive society Society with an unusually early age of marriage
sexually restrictive society
A society having many different parts organized into a single social system is said to have unified government economic complexity social complexity social diversity
social complexity
In some Pentecostal and charismatic Christian religions adherents experience an ecstatic religious happening (often associated with shamanism), which is known as praying speaking in tongues pilgrimage meditation
speaking in tongues
The core of Anthony F. C. Wallace's understanding of religion was belief in supernatural things the afterlife Jesus God
supernatural things
According to the lecture, the Neolithic began with the development of the plow. the use of irrigation the domestication of plants and animals the advent of social complexity
the domestication of plants and animals
Variations in skin pigmentation can be traced to the latitude where one's ancestors spent the most time differences in body mass changing body shapes since Homo emerged as a genus differences in the human leukocyte antigen system
the latitude where one's ancestors spent the most time
Consumer capitalism contributes to increasing ecological footprints in industrialized nations because the production of goods is not sustainable and uses too many raw materials it promotes the idea that people need more things to be happy goods are shipped using fossil fuels all of the above
the production of goods is not sustainable and uses too many raw materials it promotes the idea that people need more things to be happy goods are shipped using fossil fuels
The social processes that make race part of the natural order of things stereotyping hegemony structural violence the way race is naturalized
the way race is naturalized
Which of the following is NOT a reason the Dani of New Guinea participate in ritualized warfare? Entertainment/Sport To secure grazing lands for sheep Co-Wife resentment Revenge
to secure grazing land for sheep
As the intensity of agricultural practices increases, the range of cultigens decreases. T or F
true
Most people are unaware of the structure of a language until someone speaking it makes a mistake. T or F
true
One of the biggest problems found in industrial agriculture is overproduction. T or F
true
Women provide most of the diet in foraging societies. T or F
true
Women who practice polyandry tend to marry two or more male cousins a father and his sons two or more male friends two or more brothers
two or more brothers
Does race have biological consequences? no, because of culture no, because of naturalization yes, because of globalization yes, because of racism
yes, because of racsism