Anthropology Final Missed Terms
Contemporary cultural anthropologists rank societies along an evolutionary scale from "primitive" to "advanced" to categorize human diversity.
False
Three broad theories of social structure dominate the social sciences. They are
Functionalism, conflict, and interactional
The idea that things have social lives refers to which of the following?
The fact that objects are deeply intertwined with people's lives
salins & service (1960) typology of political systems would classify the role of president of the city council in your hometown as
a bureaucrat in a centralized state
Dowry is
a large sum of money or in-kind gifts given to a daughter to ensure her well-being in her husband's family
Fijian objects were seen by most collectors as evidence of
a savage and bloodthirsty culture
The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as
a way of explaining how the world works
a good illustration of the marxist concept of surplus value is
a worker makes one $30 sweater every hour in a factory but gets paid only $15
Research committed to making a change & improving the lives of marginalized people is called
action anthropology
early british settlers in the 1600's mistakenly perceived the new landscape in north america as an unpeopled wilderness when, in fact, is was
anthropogenic landscape
when you are consuming an object, the process of taking possession of it is called
appropriation
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries American doctors often had second jobs as
barbers
throughout human history, humans have tended to adapt to the land in a way that is supportive of population size, a practice referred to as
carrying capacity
Financial globalization has allowed for
corporations to move factories from one country to another
Anthropologists have studies hundreds of different kinship systems around the world over the past century, but they can all be grouped into six different patterns based on terms for which group of relatives?
cousins
which perspective incorporates symbols & morals into the understanding of a society's economy?
cultural economics
the human ability to speak about the past, about items not present & about how imaginary worlds is called
displacement
for pastoral groups such as the dinka & nuer, the cow acts as which kind of symbol?
elaborating symbol
people who study the effects of global economic changes on human-nature relationships & the impact of sustainable development initiatives on certain groups are
environmental anthropologists
What social distinction classifies people according to descent?
ethnicity
All humans are born with some culture.
false
It has been proven that overpopulation will inevitably lead to global famine
false
environmental anthropologists accept the idea that all indigenous people are "natural" environmentalists
false
What do anthropologists call the structural process of forgetting whole groups of relatives?
genealogical amnesia
which part of the zapotec agricultural system does not correspond well to western ecological understandings?
idea that maize has a soul
The earliest engagement anthropologists had with material culture happened where?
in museums where objects from around the world were originally seen as evidence of how primitive or civilized different societies were
Because our values and beliefs include many elements of life such as clothes, food, and language means that culture is
integrated
long-term damage to soil quality is typical of
intensification
An ____________ approach to culture, such as that promoted by Geertz, Turner, and Douglas, emphasizes that culture is a shared system of meanings.
interpretive
For a society to have a separate occupational category of artist, it needs to have which of the following characteristics?
it must have a considerable degree of social stratification and lots of different kinds of occupational categories
key reason anthropologists study people's pursuit of cool things is that
it's an important avenue through which people express & change their social relationships
the US government's prohibition of native american children speaking their indigenous languages in indian schools has contributed most profoundly to
language death
the exercise of political power requires
legitimacy
A voodoo doll is a good illustration of
magic that follows the law of similarity
"Owning" culture
means controlling symbols that give meaning
what pivotal evolutionary shift happened around 1.8 to 2 million years ago that is closely related to human foodways?
meat consumption increased
"mother nature" & "natural resources" are a good example of
metaphors of human-nature interaction
anthropologist sherry ortner distinguished three kinds of culturally powerful symbols that include all of the following EXCEPT A. narrative symbols B. key scenarios C. summarizing symbols D. elaborating symbols
narrative symbols
brent berlin & paul kay that if a language had only three color terms, they would always be black (dark), white (light), &
neutral
Archaeologists find it easiest to study changing styles and fashions through which of the following classes of object?
pottery
for anthropologists, political power refers to how
power is used to attain goals for the good of the community
animal call systems lack the ability (found in human languages) to produce an infinite # of word combinations. this ability in human language is called
productivity
Censuses interest anthropologists because they
reveal the government's role in classifying and categorizing people
which of the following reasons explains why a collaborative approach between conservationists & indigenous people can be so challenging?
scientists & conservationists are often skeptical of indigenous knowledge claims
Anthropologist Daniel Miller suggested that shopping for and consuming objects are fundamentally as much ______ acts as they are economic acts.
social
In Latin America, "blackness" and "whiteness" are based on
social behaviors
The idea that cultures pass through stages from primitive to complex is known as _______________.
social evolution
when anthropologist robert welsch got sick in papua new guinea, most of the villagers attributed his symptoms to
sorcery
The earliest anthropologist to compare religious and spiritual beliefs around the world was E. B. Tylor. For him the heart of religious belief in
spirits
The core of Anthony F.C. Wallace's understanding of religion was belief in
supernatural things
Clifford Geertz proposed an interpretive approach to religion, arguing that religion was a system of ________________.
symbols
What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?
the Industrial Revolution
according to marshall sahlins, when production is organized by families it is
the domestic mode of capitalism
The in-class lecture elaborated on the 3 stages of rites of passage. The liminal stage is
the stage of learning, disorientation and change of perspective
Hawaiians and the Polynesian islanders traditionally believed that mana, sacred or supernatural power, existed within certain objects, at sacred spaces, an din persons, including all of the following except
the sun
If a functionalist were to explain why the teacher lectures from the front of the classroom to students organized in neatly arranged chairs, she or he would emphasize that
this way of teaching organizes people to promote shared cultural goals