Anthropology Final Missed Terms

Contemporary cultural anthropologists rank societies along an evolutionary scale from "primitive" to "advanced" to categorize human diversity.

False

Three broad theories of social structure dominate the social sciences. They are

Functionalism, conflict, and interactional

The idea that things have social lives refers to which of the following?

The fact that objects are deeply intertwined with people's lives

salins & service (1960) typology of political systems would classify the role of president of the city council in your hometown as

a bureaucrat in a centralized state

Dowry is

a large sum of money or in-kind gifts given to a daughter to ensure her well-being in her husband's family

Fijian objects were seen by most collectors as evidence of

a savage and bloodthirsty culture

The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as

a way of explaining how the world works

a good illustration of the marxist concept of surplus value is

a worker makes one $30 sweater every hour in a factory but gets paid only $15

Research committed to making a change & improving the lives of marginalized people is called

action anthropology

early british settlers in the 1600's mistakenly perceived the new landscape in north america as an unpeopled wilderness when, in fact, is was

anthropogenic landscape

when you are consuming an object, the process of taking possession of it is called

appropriation

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries American doctors often had second jobs as

barbers

throughout human history, humans have tended to adapt to the land in a way that is supportive of population size, a practice referred to as

carrying capacity

Financial globalization has allowed for

corporations to move factories from one country to another

Anthropologists have studies hundreds of different kinship systems around the world over the past century, but they can all be grouped into six different patterns based on terms for which group of relatives?

cousins

which perspective incorporates symbols & morals into the understanding of a society's economy?

cultural economics

the human ability to speak about the past, about items not present & about how imaginary worlds is called

displacement

for pastoral groups such as the dinka & nuer, the cow acts as which kind of symbol?

elaborating symbol

people who study the effects of global economic changes on human-nature relationships & the impact of sustainable development initiatives on certain groups are

environmental anthropologists

What social distinction classifies people according to descent?

ethnicity

All humans are born with some culture.

false

It has been proven that overpopulation will inevitably lead to global famine

false

environmental anthropologists accept the idea that all indigenous people are "natural" environmentalists

false

What do anthropologists call the structural process of forgetting whole groups of relatives?

genealogical amnesia

which part of the zapotec agricultural system does not correspond well to western ecological understandings?

idea that maize has a soul

The earliest engagement anthropologists had with material culture happened where?

in museums where objects from around the world were originally seen as evidence of how primitive or civilized different societies were

Because our values and beliefs include many elements of life such as clothes, food, and language means that culture is

integrated

long-term damage to soil quality is typical of

intensification

An ____________ approach to culture, such as that promoted by Geertz, Turner, and Douglas, emphasizes that culture is a shared system of meanings.

interpretive

For a society to have a separate occupational category of artist, it needs to have which of the following characteristics?

it must have a considerable degree of social stratification and lots of different kinds of occupational categories

key reason anthropologists study people's pursuit of cool things is that

it's an important avenue through which people express & change their social relationships

the US government's prohibition of native american children speaking their indigenous languages in indian schools has contributed most profoundly to

language death

the exercise of political power requires

legitimacy

A voodoo doll is a good illustration of

magic that follows the law of similarity

"Owning" culture

means controlling symbols that give meaning

what pivotal evolutionary shift happened around 1.8 to 2 million years ago that is closely related to human foodways?

meat consumption increased

"mother nature" & "natural resources" are a good example of

metaphors of human-nature interaction

anthropologist sherry ortner distinguished three kinds of culturally powerful symbols that include all of the following EXCEPT A. narrative symbols B. key scenarios C. summarizing symbols D. elaborating symbols

narrative symbols

brent berlin & paul kay that if a language had only three color terms, they would always be black (dark), white (light), &

neutral

Archaeologists find it easiest to study changing styles and fashions through which of the following classes of object?

pottery

for anthropologists, political power refers to how

power is used to attain goals for the good of the community

animal call systems lack the ability (found in human languages) to produce an infinite # of word combinations. this ability in human language is called

productivity

Censuses interest anthropologists because they

reveal the government's role in classifying and categorizing people

which of the following reasons explains why a collaborative approach between conservationists & indigenous people can be so challenging?

scientists & conservationists are often skeptical of indigenous knowledge claims

Anthropologist Daniel Miller suggested that shopping for and consuming objects are fundamentally as much ______ acts as they are economic acts.

social

In Latin America, "blackness" and "whiteness" are based on

social behaviors

The idea that cultures pass through stages from primitive to complex is known as _______________.

social evolution

when anthropologist robert welsch got sick in papua new guinea, most of the villagers attributed his symptoms to

sorcery

The earliest anthropologist to compare religious and spiritual beliefs around the world was E. B. Tylor. For him the heart of religious belief in

spirits

The core of Anthony F.C. Wallace's understanding of religion was belief in

supernatural things

Clifford Geertz proposed an interpretive approach to religion, arguing that religion was a system of ________________.

symbols

What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?

the Industrial Revolution

according to marshall sahlins, when production is organized by families it is

the domestic mode of capitalism

The in-class lecture elaborated on the 3 stages of rites of passage. The liminal stage is

the stage of learning, disorientation and change of perspective

Hawaiians and the Polynesian islanders traditionally believed that mana, sacred or supernatural power, existed within certain objects, at sacred spaces, an din persons, including all of the following except

the sun

If a functionalist were to explain why the teacher lectures from the front of the classroom to students organized in neatly arranged chairs, she or he would emphasize that

this way of teaching organizes people to promote shared cultural goals