Anthropology Test 1

A key principle of the holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas is

synthesizing the entire context of human experience

Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some don't see what they do as science because

the complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human nature

A key element of the scientific method, which both explains things and guides research is

theories

Contemporary cultural anthropologists often rank societies along an evolutionary scale from "primitive" to "advanced.

true

Diversity, defined anthropologically, refers to both multiplicity and variety, which is not the same thing as "difference."

true

Historical archaeologists excavate sites where written historical documentation exists that provide an accurate description of the way the people actually lived

true

When did anthropology emerge as an academic discipline

1920s

The subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures, often focusing on the rise of cities, is called

Archaeology

The nineteenth-century British anthropologist credited with the development of the concept of culture through an evolutionary perspective

E.B. Tyler

7. The thinker who developed evolutionary theory in the nineteenth century was

Jean-Baptise Lamarack

The Comparative Method of Anthropology is

Manner of investigating civilizations by comparing them with other civilizations

What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?

The industrial revolution

The primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to (who):

The people/species they study

The term diversity, when defined anthropologically, means?

The sheer variety of ways of being human around the world. anthropology, "diversity" refers to multiplicity and variety, which is not the same as difference. Within multiplicity and variety, there is both difference and similarity

Anthropologists have always approached a problem by specializing in one of the four subfields.

True

T/F: A key concern in the 1850s that shaped the discipline of anthropology was the emergence of a new scientific theory called "evolution."

True

Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm

anthropologist need to collect info from societies before they die out

The practical use of anthropological knowledge to address real-world problems, sometimes called anthropology's "fifth field," is

applied anthropology or Practicing anthropology?

The subfield of anthropology that studies human evolution, including human genetics and human nutrition, is called

biological anthropology

The subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practice is called

cultural anthropology

The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgment about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is known as

cultural relativism

.Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best is called

ethnocentrism

The method of data collection that involves prolonged and intensive observation of everyday life and is a hallmark of cultural anthropology is

ethnographic method

what refers to the adaptive changes that organisms make across generations

evolution

When cultural anthropologists live in societies for one or more years observing social life, they are doing

fieldwork

Linguistic Anthropologists study

human communication; how language shapes culture and vice versa

6. The historical practice of more powerful countries claiming possession of less powerful ones is called ____ which was a driving force in anthropology

imperialism

What process involves switching from an agricultural economy to a factory based one?

industrialization

The practice of anthropologists explaining their research to participants and being clear about the risks involved is called

informed consent

The subfield of anthropology that studies language use is called

linguistic anthropology

The process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited for the environment is?

natural selection

During fieldwork, cultural anthropologist

participate/observe

Western colonial powers understood the different customs and cultures of the people they colonized as

proof of primitive nature

Techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing

quantitative data