Blood

Rh factor

RBC surface has antigen D--Rh positive has no antigen D--Rh negative

4-5L

The average volumes of blood in adult females

5-6L

The average volumes of blood in adult males

Plasma and formed elements

Two components of blood

anemia

a decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of RBC

blood types

a system of blood classification based on the reaction between antigens located on the surface of RBCs and antibodies found in the blood plasma.

thrombocytosis

abnormally high platelet count

infectious mononucleosis

acute, infectious disease primarily affecting the lymph tissue kissing disease

polycythemia

an abnormal increase RBC count that may result from bone marrow cancer or from living at high altitudes where less oxygen is available

20-50 cells/mm3 < 1%

basophil count

platelets

blood cells are important for blood clotting (smaller than RBC). about 250K-500K cells/mm3

white blood cells; leukocytes

blood cells is the body's defenses and immune system, about 4K-11K cells/ mm3 (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas)

leukemia

cancerous conditions involving the white bloood cells.

ABO group

consists of blood types A,B,AB,O

sickle cells anemia

crescent-shaped red blood cells

100-400 cells/mm3 1-4%

eosinophil count

Type AB

has both A and B surface antigens; but no anti A and anti B antibodies in plasma

Type O

has neither A nor B surface antigens; but has anti A and anti B antibodies in plasma

type A

has surface antigen A, and anti B antibodies in plasma

Type B

has surface antigen B; and anti A antibodies in plasma.

Red Blood Cells, erythrocytes

hemoglobin molecules that transport oxygen and help transport carbon dioxide, about 4.5-5 million cells per cubic millimeter of blood (mm3)

bleeding time

how long the bleeding lasts is called what? the normal lasted 2-7 minuts.

< 1%

how many % of buffer coat is in whole blood?

45%

how many % of red blood cells is in whole blood?

thrombocytopenia

low platelet count

1500-3000 cells/mm3 20-49%

lymphocytes count

Hemoglobin A1C

measure (long term sugar level) glucose levels from 8-12 weeks

100-700 cells/mm3 4-8%

monocytes count

3000-7000 cells/mm3 40-70%

neutrophil count

antibody, agglutinins

plasma proteins that react with RBCs bearing different antigens, causing then to be clumped, and eventually hemolyzed.

the dehydration on hematocrit

the condition that plasma volume decreases so that results in hematocrit increases.

Buffy coat

the middle layer that consists of the WBC and platelets after centrifuge, about 1%

4.5-5 million/mm3

the normal RBC count?

4k-11k cells/mm3

the normal WBC count?

about 250K-500K cells/mm3

the normal platelets count

4.5 to 5 million cells/mm3

the normal values for a total red blood cell count

4k to 11k cells/ mm3

the normal values for a total white blood cell count

antigens, agglutinogens

the specific glycoproteins on the outer surface of RBC plasma membrane.

Hematocrit

the test for the percentage of red blood cells to the whole blood. Also report as volume of packed red cells (VPRC) or packed cell volume (PCV)

hemoglobin concentration

the test of measure the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood it to determine its hemoglobin content. normal blood contains 12-18g of hemoglobin per 100ml of blood.

Type O negative because no surface antigen, and no Rh factor

universal donor

Type AB positive because no anti A and anti B antibodies in plasma, and no anti-D antibodies.

universal recipient

erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets

what are formed elements in blood?

54%

what is % of plasma in whole blood after centrifuge?

Neutrophil--40-70% Eosinophil--1-4% Basophil-- <1% Lymphocyte--20-49% Monocyte--4-8%

what is the counts of each WBCs?

clotting time; coagulation time

when the blood is stopped bleeding.

lymphocytes

--Make antibodies, destroy virally infected cells, and cancer cells. --about 20-49 % of leukocytes --without granules, size of RBC nucleus spherical or indented. --develop 2-3 days, last months

monocytes

--a large phagocytic white blood cell with a U or kidney shaped nucleus and clear cytoplasm. -phagocytosis; develop into macrophages in tissues --about 4%-8% --develop 2-3 days, Last for months

basophils

-A circulating leukocyte with large blue purple granules, single nucleus. -produces histamine and mediate inflammatory response; contain heparin (anticoagulant) -develop 1-7 days, last a few hours to a few days -<1 % of WBC

Plasma

-a clear, light yellow fluid -it contains 90% of water, nutrients, cause, hormones, various wastes and metabolites, proteins, and electrolytes. -the function is for blood clot formation.

neutrophils

-about 40%-70% of leukocytes -phagocytize bacteria (ingest) -(multi nucleus, granule) -develop in 14 days, and life span is 6 hours to a few day.

Rh group

-positive has the antigen -negative lacks the antigen

eosinophil

-white blood cell containing granules that stain red; Bilobed nucleus -kill parasitic worms; manage allergic reactions -Develop in 14 days, last 5 days -1-4% of leukocytes

granulocytes

A group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm; neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.

agranulocytes

A group of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei; lymphocytes, monocytes.

Leukocytosis

Abnormally high WBC count. May indicate bacterial or viral infection, metabolic disease, hemorrhage, or poisoning by drugs or chemicals.

leukopenia

Abnormally low white blood cell count, below 4000/mm3; indicate typhoid fever, measles, infectious hepatitis or cirrhosis, tuberculosis, or excessive antibiotic or X-ray therap.