Blood
Rh factor
RBC surface has antigen D--Rh positive has no antigen D--Rh negative
4-5L
The average volumes of blood in adult females
5-6L
The average volumes of blood in adult males
Plasma and formed elements
Two components of blood
anemia
a decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of RBC
blood types
a system of blood classification based on the reaction between antigens located on the surface of RBCs and antibodies found in the blood plasma.
thrombocytosis
abnormally high platelet count
infectious mononucleosis
acute, infectious disease primarily affecting the lymph tissue kissing disease
polycythemia
an abnormal increase RBC count that may result from bone marrow cancer or from living at high altitudes where less oxygen is available
20-50 cells/mm3 < 1%
basophil count
platelets
blood cells are important for blood clotting (smaller than RBC). about 250K-500K cells/mm3
white blood cells; leukocytes
blood cells is the body's defenses and immune system, about 4K-11K cells/ mm3 (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas)
leukemia
cancerous conditions involving the white bloood cells.
ABO group
consists of blood types A,B,AB,O
sickle cells anemia
crescent-shaped red blood cells
100-400 cells/mm3 1-4%
eosinophil count
Type AB
has both A and B surface antigens; but no anti A and anti B antibodies in plasma
Type O
has neither A nor B surface antigens; but has anti A and anti B antibodies in plasma
type A
has surface antigen A, and anti B antibodies in plasma
Type B
has surface antigen B; and anti A antibodies in plasma.
Red Blood Cells, erythrocytes
hemoglobin molecules that transport oxygen and help transport carbon dioxide, about 4.5-5 million cells per cubic millimeter of blood (mm3)
bleeding time
how long the bleeding lasts is called what? the normal lasted 2-7 minuts.
< 1%
how many % of buffer coat is in whole blood?
45%
how many % of red blood cells is in whole blood?
thrombocytopenia
low platelet count
1500-3000 cells/mm3 20-49%
lymphocytes count
Hemoglobin A1C
measure (long term sugar level) glucose levels from 8-12 weeks
100-700 cells/mm3 4-8%
monocytes count
3000-7000 cells/mm3 40-70%
neutrophil count
antibody, agglutinins
plasma proteins that react with RBCs bearing different antigens, causing then to be clumped, and eventually hemolyzed.
the dehydration on hematocrit
the condition that plasma volume decreases so that results in hematocrit increases.
Buffy coat
the middle layer that consists of the WBC and platelets after centrifuge, about 1%
4.5-5 million/mm3
the normal RBC count?
4k-11k cells/mm3
the normal WBC count?
about 250K-500K cells/mm3
the normal platelets count
4.5 to 5 million cells/mm3
the normal values for a total red blood cell count
4k to 11k cells/ mm3
the normal values for a total white blood cell count
antigens, agglutinogens
the specific glycoproteins on the outer surface of RBC plasma membrane.
Hematocrit
the test for the percentage of red blood cells to the whole blood. Also report as volume of packed red cells (VPRC) or packed cell volume (PCV)
hemoglobin concentration
the test of measure the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood it to determine its hemoglobin content. normal blood contains 12-18g of hemoglobin per 100ml of blood.
Type O negative because no surface antigen, and no Rh factor
universal donor
Type AB positive because no anti A and anti B antibodies in plasma, and no anti-D antibodies.
universal recipient
erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets
what are formed elements in blood?
54%
what is % of plasma in whole blood after centrifuge?
Neutrophil--40-70% Eosinophil--1-4% Basophil-- <1% Lymphocyte--20-49% Monocyte--4-8%
what is the counts of each WBCs?
clotting time; coagulation time
when the blood is stopped bleeding.
lymphocytes
--Make antibodies, destroy virally infected cells, and cancer cells. --about 20-49 % of leukocytes --without granules, size of RBC nucleus spherical or indented. --develop 2-3 days, last months
monocytes
--a large phagocytic white blood cell with a U or kidney shaped nucleus and clear cytoplasm. -phagocytosis; develop into macrophages in tissues --about 4%-8% --develop 2-3 days, Last for months
basophils
-A circulating leukocyte with large blue purple granules, single nucleus. -produces histamine and mediate inflammatory response; contain heparin (anticoagulant) -develop 1-7 days, last a few hours to a few days -<1 % of WBC
Plasma
-a clear, light yellow fluid -it contains 90% of water, nutrients, cause, hormones, various wastes and metabolites, proteins, and electrolytes. -the function is for blood clot formation.
neutrophils
-about 40%-70% of leukocytes -phagocytize bacteria (ingest) -(multi nucleus, granule) -develop in 14 days, and life span is 6 hours to a few day.
Rh group
-positive has the antigen -negative lacks the antigen
eosinophil
-white blood cell containing granules that stain red; Bilobed nucleus -kill parasitic worms; manage allergic reactions -Develop in 14 days, last 5 days -1-4% of leukocytes
granulocytes
A group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm; neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.
agranulocytes
A group of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei; lymphocytes, monocytes.
Leukocytosis
Abnormally high WBC count. May indicate bacterial or viral infection, metabolic disease, hemorrhage, or poisoning by drugs or chemicals.
leukopenia
Abnormally low white blood cell count, below 4000/mm3; indicate typhoid fever, measles, infectious hepatitis or cirrhosis, tuberculosis, or excessive antibiotic or X-ray therap.
