AP 1: Chapter 3 Questions
one nitrogen base, deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group.
A DNA nucleotide is composed of
indicates the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule.
A gene is a set of specific instructions that
cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months.
A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, it
increase the osmolarity of the blood.
A patient suffers blood loss and is given IV fluids that contain an impermeable carbohydrate called dextran which serves to
active transport
A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called
hypotonic
A solution that contains a lower osmotic pressure than the cytoplasm of a cell is called
dextran.
An impermeable carbohydrate that is often administered to patients suffering blood loss is
tRNA.
As each codon arrives at the active site of a ribosome, it attracts another molecule containing the anticodon. This molecule is called
edited to remove introns and transported into the cytoplasm.
Before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used to translate into a protein, it must be
more carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood
Breathing faster and deeper eliminates more carbon dioxide from the body than normal breathing. Under these circumstances
DNA; protein
Chromosomes consist of ________ and ________.
a higher concentration of potassium ions.
Compared to the extracellular fluid, cytosol contains
steroid hormones
Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is the likeliest product of these cells?
the rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules.
Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that
hypotonic solution.
Hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is placed into
nucleosomes
Histones are found in
2 and 4 only
If a red blood cell (RBC) is placed in a 0.5% salt solution, which of the following would occur? 1. water will move out of the RBC 2. RBC will hemolyze 3. RBC will crenate 4. water will enter the RBC
form the mitotic spindle.
If an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to
The blood osmotic pressure will increase.
If the amount of chloride ion in blood plasma increases, which of the following would initially occur?
the cells will swell.
If the concentration of sodium chloride in the interstitial fluid surrounding cells decreases and the concentration of other solutes remains constant,
The hydrostatic pressure will be higher in side 1.
Imagine two rigid chambers separated by a rigid membrane that is freely permeable to water but impermeable to glucose. Side 1 contains a 10 percent glucose solution and side 2 contains pure water. At equilibrium, what will be the situation?
sodium; potassium
In order to maintain cellular homeostasis, an exchange pump ejects ________ ions from the cell and imports ________ ions
matrix
In the mitochondrion, folds are to cristae as the contained fluid is to
enzymes
Many proteins in the cytosol are ________ that accelerate metabolic reactions.
1 & 7, 2 & 8, 3 & 5, 4 & 6
Match the organelle (1-4) with the correct description (5-8):
A) anchoring B) receptors C) recognition D) enzymes
Membrane proteins perform which of the following functions?
-anchor the cytoskeleton to membrane proteins. -control the consistency of cytoplasm. -with myosin, produce cell movement. -consist of the protein called actin.
Microfilament
anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of the cell membrane.
Microfilaments
muscle cells
Microscopic analysis of a tissue sample indicates that it contains abundant myosin filaments. This tissue is probably contains
A) They form structural components of organelles. B) They move chromosomes during cell division. C) They provide a mechanism for changing the cell shape. D) Molecular motors move along them.
Microtubules have which of the following functions?
dynein and kinesin
Molecular motors that carry materials in opposite directions along microtubules are called
nucleolus
Most of a cell's DNA is located in its
mitochondria
Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the
peroxisomes.
Organelles that break down fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide are
increases as solute concentration increases
Osmotic pressure
3, 1, 6, 2, 5, 4
Put the following steps of protein synthesis in correct order of occurrence: 1. mRNA is produced in nucleus 2. ribosome moves along mRNA 3. DNA uncoils for transcription 4. polypeptide is produced 5. tRNA brings amino acids to ribosome 6. mRNA moves to ribosome
crenation; hemolysis
Red blood cell shrinkage is to ________ as cell bursting is to ________
Golgi apparatus.
Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the
cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand
Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that
multiple enzymes; three types of RNA
Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of ________ and ________.
7
Synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids occurs in the structure labeled
smooth ER
Synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the
alternating molecules of sugar and phosphate groups
The DNA molecule is like a twisted ladder. What molecules form the "sides" of the DNA ladder?
AGU
The anticodon for the triplet UCA is
chromosomes.
The complex structures of DNA and protein found in the cell nucleus are
nucleoli
The components of ribosomes are formed within
nucleus
The control center for cellular operations is the
replication, transcription, translation
The duplication of DNA is called ________, the copying of DNA to mRNA is called ________, and the reading of the mRNA by the cell to make a protein is called ________ .
A) drug and toxin neutralization. B) lipid synthesis. C) modification of new proteins. D) shipping molecules to the Golgi apparatus
The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for
3, 5, 6, 1, 4, 2.
The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of secretion by the Golgi apparatus. 1. Material moves from cisterna to cisterna by means of transfer vesicles. 2. Exocytosis. 3. Products from RER are packaged into transport vesicles. 4. Secretory vesicles are formed at the maturing face. 5. Vesicles arrive at the forming face. 6. Enzymes modify arriving proteins and glycoproteins.
genes
The functional units of DNA that contain the instructions for making one or more proteins are
endocytosis
The intake of small membrane vesicles from the extracellular fluid is calle
UAG
The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is
tRNA.
The molecule that brings the proper amino acid into place at the ribosome for the elongation of a new protein is called
diffusion
The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of
cytoplasm
The organelles and the watery component of the cell together is called
a bilayer of phospholipids.
The plasma membrane is composed of
integral proteins. glycolipids. phospholipids. cholesterol.
The plasmalemma includes
sodium; potassium
The principal cations in our body fluids are ________ and ________.
facilitated diffusion.
The process by which molecules such as glucose are moved into cells along their concentration gradient with the help of membrane-bound carrier proteins is called
transcription
The process of forming mRNA is called
translation
The process of protein formation directed by mRNA is called
hypotonic
The skin swells and puckers during a long bath. This suggests that bath water is a(n) ________ fluid.
increase surface area for increased membrane transport.
The structure labeled "1" permits the cell to
hydrophobic.
The tails of a phospholipid molecule are
gene
The triplet codes needed to specify a specific polypeptide chain are found in the
triplet, codon, anticodon
The unit of DNA that specifies a certain amino acid is called a ________, the same unit of mRNA is called a ________ which, during protein synthesis, is matched by the ________ of tRNA
cytosol.
The watery component of the cytoplasm is called
dissolve in lipids
There is a direct correlation between the potency of a general anesthetic such as ether and its ability to
Uracil
Thymine is replaced by which nitrogen base in RNA?
protein that assembles into filamentous tubes (microtubules).
Tubulin is a
microfilaments
Tubulin is to microtubules as actin is to
endocytosis and exocytosis
Two types of vesicular transport include
channels formed by integral proteins.
Water molecules and small ions enter a cell through
plasmalemma
What is the first part of the cell that is affected when the pH of extracellular fluid changes?
E) mRNA: AUG-CAA, tRNA: UAC-GUU
What would the complimentary (matching) mRNA and tRNA molecules be from a DNA molecule that has the following triplets? coding strand: ATG-CAA template strand: TAC-GTT
ACA - GTT
What would the complimentary DNA template strand be to produce the mRNA sequence of UGU - CAA?
digestion of foreign material.
When activated, lysosomes function in
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins?
interact with dynein and kinesin
Which of following properties of microtubules is true?
made of cytobones
Which of following properties of the cytoskeleton is false?
extracellular fluid contains more protein
Which of the following about cytoplasm is false?
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes?
microtubules
Which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division?
storage of cellular nutrients
Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins? A) bind to ligands B) regulate the passage of ions C) act as carrier molecules for various solutes D) act as anchors or stabilizers for the cell membrane E) storage of cellular nutrients
sends transport vesicles to the RER
Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is false? A) receives transport vesicles from the RER B) sends transport vesicles to the RER C) produces lysosomes D) supplies new membrane components E) produces secretory vesicles
cell wall
Which of the following terms is not used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium? A) cell wall B) cell membrane C) plasma membrane D) plasmalemma E) both a cell wall and a plasmalemm
nucleolus
Which organelle is most prominent in cells that make large amounts of protein?
6
Which organelle renews the cell membrane and modifies and packages proteins for secretion?
diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane
Which statement best describes osmosis?
2
Which structure organizes the mitotic spindle during cell division?
3
Which structure produces ATP for the cell?
proteins
mRNA is needed to synthesize ________ in the cytoplasm.
