AP 1: Chapter 3 Questions

one nitrogen base, deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group.

A DNA nucleotide is composed of

indicates the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule.

A gene is a set of specific instructions that

cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months.

A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, it

increase the osmolarity of the blood.

A patient suffers blood loss and is given IV fluids that contain an impermeable carbohydrate called dextran which serves to

active transport

A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called

hypotonic

A solution that contains a lower osmotic pressure than the cytoplasm of a cell is called

dextran.

An impermeable carbohydrate that is often administered to patients suffering blood loss is

tRNA.

As each codon arrives at the active site of a ribosome, it attracts another molecule containing the anticodon. This molecule is called

edited to remove introns and transported into the cytoplasm.

Before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used to translate into a protein, it must be

more carbon dioxide will diffuse out of the blood

Breathing faster and deeper eliminates more carbon dioxide from the body than normal breathing. Under these circumstances

DNA; protein

Chromosomes consist of ________ and ________.

a higher concentration of potassium ions.

Compared to the extracellular fluid, cytosol contains

steroid hormones

Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is the likeliest product of these cells?

the rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules.

Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that

hypotonic solution.

Hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is placed into

nucleosomes

Histones are found in

2 and 4 only

If a red blood cell (RBC) is placed in a 0.5% salt solution, which of the following would occur? 1. water will move out of the RBC 2. RBC will hemolyze 3. RBC will crenate 4. water will enter the RBC

form the mitotic spindle.

If an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to

The blood osmotic pressure will increase.

If the amount of chloride ion in blood plasma increases, which of the following would initially occur?

the cells will swell.

If the concentration of sodium chloride in the interstitial fluid surrounding cells decreases and the concentration of other solutes remains constant,

The hydrostatic pressure will be higher in side 1.

Imagine two rigid chambers separated by a rigid membrane that is freely permeable to water but impermeable to glucose. Side 1 contains a 10 percent glucose solution and side 2 contains pure water. At equilibrium, what will be the situation?

sodium; potassium

In order to maintain cellular homeostasis, an exchange pump ejects ________ ions from the cell and imports ________ ions

matrix

In the mitochondrion, folds are to cristae as the contained fluid is to

enzymes

Many proteins in the cytosol are ________ that accelerate metabolic reactions.

1 & 7, 2 & 8, 3 & 5, 4 & 6

Match the organelle (1-4) with the correct description (5-8):

A) anchoring B) receptors C) recognition D) enzymes

Membrane proteins perform which of the following functions?

-anchor the cytoskeleton to membrane proteins. -control the consistency of cytoplasm. -with myosin, produce cell movement. -consist of the protein called actin.

Microfilament

anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of the cell membrane.

Microfilaments

muscle cells

Microscopic analysis of a tissue sample indicates that it contains abundant myosin filaments. This tissue is probably contains

A) They form structural components of organelles. B) They move chromosomes during cell division. C) They provide a mechanism for changing the cell shape. D) Molecular motors move along them.

Microtubules have which of the following functions?

dynein and kinesin

Molecular motors that carry materials in opposite directions along microtubules are called

nucleolus

Most of a cell's DNA is located in its

mitochondria

Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the

peroxisomes.

Organelles that break down fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide are

increases as solute concentration increases

Osmotic pressure

3, 1, 6, 2, 5, 4

Put the following steps of protein synthesis in correct order of occurrence: 1. mRNA is produced in nucleus 2. ribosome moves along mRNA 3. DNA uncoils for transcription 4. polypeptide is produced 5. tRNA brings amino acids to ribosome 6. mRNA moves to ribosome

crenation; hemolysis

Red blood cell shrinkage is to ________ as cell bursting is to ________

Golgi apparatus.

Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the

cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand

Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that

multiple enzymes; three types of RNA

Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of ________ and ________.

7

Synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids occurs in the structure labeled

smooth ER

Synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the

alternating molecules of sugar and phosphate groups

The DNA molecule is like a twisted ladder. What molecules form the "sides" of the DNA ladder?

AGU

The anticodon for the triplet UCA is

chromosomes.

The complex structures of DNA and protein found in the cell nucleus are

nucleoli

The components of ribosomes are formed within

nucleus

The control center for cellular operations is the

replication, transcription, translation

The duplication of DNA is called ________, the copying of DNA to mRNA is called ________, and the reading of the mRNA by the cell to make a protein is called ________ .

A) drug and toxin neutralization. B) lipid synthesis. C) modification of new proteins. D) shipping molecules to the Golgi apparatus

The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for

3, 5, 6, 1, 4, 2.

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of secretion by the Golgi apparatus. 1. Material moves from cisterna to cisterna by means of transfer vesicles. 2. Exocytosis. 3. Products from RER are packaged into transport vesicles. 4. Secretory vesicles are formed at the maturing face. 5. Vesicles arrive at the forming face. 6. Enzymes modify arriving proteins and glycoproteins.

genes

The functional units of DNA that contain the instructions for making one or more proteins are

endocytosis

The intake of small membrane vesicles from the extracellular fluid is calle

UAG

The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is

tRNA.

The molecule that brings the proper amino acid into place at the ribosome for the elongation of a new protein is called

diffusion

The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of

cytoplasm

The organelles and the watery component of the cell together is called

a bilayer of phospholipids.

The plasma membrane is composed of

integral proteins. glycolipids. phospholipids. cholesterol.

The plasmalemma includes

sodium; potassium

The principal cations in our body fluids are ________ and ________.

facilitated diffusion.

The process by which molecules such as glucose are moved into cells along their concentration gradient with the help of membrane-bound carrier proteins is called

transcription

The process of forming mRNA is called

translation

The process of protein formation directed by mRNA is called

hypotonic

The skin swells and puckers during a long bath. This suggests that bath water is a(n) ________ fluid.

increase surface area for increased membrane transport.

The structure labeled "1" permits the cell to

hydrophobic.

The tails of a phospholipid molecule are

gene

The triplet codes needed to specify a specific polypeptide chain are found in the

triplet, codon, anticodon

The unit of DNA that specifies a certain amino acid is called a ________, the same unit of mRNA is called a ________ which, during protein synthesis, is matched by the ________ of tRNA

cytosol.

The watery component of the cytoplasm is called

dissolve in lipids

There is a direct correlation between the potency of a general anesthetic such as ether and its ability to

Uracil

Thymine is replaced by which nitrogen base in RNA?

protein that assembles into filamentous tubes (microtubules).

Tubulin is a

microfilaments

Tubulin is to microtubules as actin is to

endocytosis and exocytosis

Two types of vesicular transport include

channels formed by integral proteins.

Water molecules and small ions enter a cell through

plasmalemma

What is the first part of the cell that is affected when the pH of extracellular fluid changes?

E) mRNA: AUG-CAA, tRNA: UAC-GUU

What would the complimentary (matching) mRNA and tRNA molecules be from a DNA molecule that has the following triplets? coding strand: ATG-CAA template strand: TAC-GTT

ACA - GTT

What would the complimentary DNA template strand be to produce the mRNA sequence of UGU - CAA?

digestion of foreign material.

When activated, lysosomes function in

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins?

interact with dynein and kinesin

Which of following properties of microtubules is true?

made of cytobones

Which of following properties of the cytoskeleton is false?

extracellular fluid contains more protein

Which of the following about cytoplasm is false?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes?

microtubules

Which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division?

storage of cellular nutrients

Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins? A) bind to ligands B) regulate the passage of ions C) act as carrier molecules for various solutes D) act as anchors or stabilizers for the cell membrane E) storage of cellular nutrients

sends transport vesicles to the RER

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is false? A) receives transport vesicles from the RER B) sends transport vesicles to the RER C) produces lysosomes D) supplies new membrane components E) produces secretory vesicles

cell wall

Which of the following terms is not used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium? A) cell wall B) cell membrane C) plasma membrane D) plasmalemma E) both a cell wall and a plasmalemm

nucleolus

Which organelle is most prominent in cells that make large amounts of protein?

6

Which organelle renews the cell membrane and modifies and packages proteins for secretion?

diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Which statement best describes osmosis?

2

Which structure organizes the mitotic spindle during cell division?

3

Which structure produces ATP for the cell?

proteins

mRNA is needed to synthesize ________ in the cytoplasm.