EOC Review Study Guide Questions, Semester 1 & 2
5th Amendment
"Pleading the Fifth": Freedom from being forced to provide testimony against yourself. Double Jeopardy: We cannot be charged for the same crime twice if we are found not-guilty the first time. Due Process: Following established legal procedures Self-Incrimination: Giving evidence against yourself that could lead to your being found guilty of a crime. Eminent Domain: The government can take private property for public use as long as they fairly compensate you.
Federalists Papers
A set of published articles and essays written to support ratification of the Constitution
Federal System
A system of government where the central government and states have the power.
Unitary System
A system of government where the central government has most or all the power.
Confederal System
A system of government where the states have most or all the power.
Natural Rights
A theory created by John Locke that says all people are born with the rights to life, liberty, and property.
Social Contract
A theory created by John Locke that says in order for people to protect their natural right, they must create a contract between themselves and a government. People approve of or consent to their government.
Separation of Powers
A theory created by Montesquieu that says the only way government will work properly is if it is broken up into branches. This is called:
2nd Amendment
Ability to own weapons
Oligarchy
Power shared by a few or a small group of people.
10th Amendment
Powers not given to the Federal Government by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are Given/reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
Intolerable /Coercive Act_
Quartering Act: Required colonists to provide housing for British soldiers Also included: closing Boston Harbor until ruined tea was paid for and made town meetings illegal.
3rd Amendment
Quartering: The government can't force us to allow soldiers to live in our homes when there isn't a war.
Quartering Act
Required colonists to provide housing for British soldiers
7th Amendment
Right to a jury in Civil Trials: Disagreements between people. When one person sues another.
First Continental Congress
Sent a letter to King George asking him to respect the colonists' rights as British citizens. Organized a boycott of British goods and banned trade with Britain.
Immigrant
Someone who moves from one country to another country.
Permanent Resident or Resident
Someone who permanently lives in the U.S., but is not a citizen.
6th Amendment
Speedy trial: We have the right to a quick that will be decided by an unbiased jury or our peers. Right to legal counsel: Right to have access to a lawyer, even if you can't afford one. Right to a speedy and public trial: Cannot be held in jail for a long time without a trial and it must be open to the public. Confronting Witness and Notice of Charges: You have the right to face those that are accusing you or giving evidence against you and be told what crime you are being charged with.
Parliamentary System
System of government in which citizens elect representatives; however, the elected representatives choose a Prime Minister, who is the executive authority of the country.
Stamp Act
Tax on every piece of printed paper; legal documents, licenses, newspapers, etc.
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
The 1776 publication moved colonists to declare independence from England.
Eminent Domain
The government can take private property for public use as long as they __fairly compensate you
Separation of Powers
The limitation of government power by separating the power into 3 separate branches.
Common Sense
The name of the pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in efforts to convince the colonists to break away from England
Naturalization Process
The process of becoming a U.S. citizen
Right to legal counsel
The right to have access to a lawyer, even if you can't afford one
8th Amendment
Cruel and unusual punishment: We are protected from a judge giving us a punishment that is not fair for the crime we have committed.
unalienable rights
Excerpt from the Declaration of Independence: People are born with certain rights that can't be taken away.
Consent of the governed
Excerpt from the Declaration of Independence: Governments get their power only if citizens give them permission
1. Must be at least 18 years of age 2. Must have lived in the U.S. for at least 5 years 3. Must be of good moral character 4. Must interview: must be able to read, speak, & write English 5. Must take a test: must take a Knowledge of Civics & History test 6. Must attend the Citizenship Ceremony & give the Oath of Allegiance
Explain the Naturalization Process.
Congress didn't have the power to Tax. Congress couldn't control Trade between the states. Congress couldn't Enforce the laws it passed. The national government had no court system. (no Judicial branch) The national government had no leadership (no Executive branch)
Explain the Weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation
Due Process
Fair treatment through the normal judicial system. Established legal procedures the government must take.
Second Continental Congress
Fighting between colonist and British had begun. Approved the Declaration of Independence
1. Separation of Powers 2. Checks & Balances
Montesquieu is known for what two ideas?
Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches.
Name the three branches of government
Article 1 - Legislative Article 2 - Executive Article 3 - Judicial
Name the three branches of the U.S. government and it's article
Anarchy
No form of government.
4th Amendment
No unreasonable searches or seizures: Government must have a warrant to search or seize any personal property
Civil Rights Act of 1968
This Act Forbid discrimination based on race in housing opportunities
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This Act Forbid discrimination based on race, sex, or disability in jobs, schools, public places, etc.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This Act Forbid discriminatory voting practices such as literacy tests.
15th Amendment
This amendment Allowed Black men the right to vote
24th Amendment
This amendment Banned Poll taxes
14th Amendment
This amendment Defined Citizenship and created the "Equal Protection Clause"
13th Amendment
This amendment Freed Slaves
19th Amendment
This amendment Gave women the right to vote
26th Amendment
This amendment Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18
Rule of Law
This means no one is above the law
Thomas Paine
This person wrote a pamphlet in efforts to convince the colonists to support independence from England.
Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness."
Thomas Jefferson got the ideas for these rights from John Locke's natural rights.
Declare independence from England and write the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" pamphlet influenced the colonists (especially the loyalists) to:
The Declaration of Independence
To break away or declare independence from England, Thomas Jefferson wrote:
1. Pay taxes 2. Obey the law 3. Serve on juries 4. Defend the nation 5. Go to school
We all have obligations as a U.S. citizen. What are those obligations?
1. Vote 2. Attend civic meetings 3. Run for office 4. Petition the government 5. Community service
We all have responsibilities as a U.S. citizen. What are those responsibilities?
Cruel and unusual punishment
We are protected from a judge giving us a punishment that is not fair for the crime we have committed.
Double Jeopardy
We cannot be charged for the same crime twice if we are found not-guilty the first time.
Speedy trial
We have the right to a quick that will be decided by an unbiased jury or our peers.
Congressmen or Congresswomen
What do we call members of the House of Representatives?
25 years old
What is the age requirement to run for House of Representatives?
35 years old
What is the age requirement to run for President?
30 years old
What is the age requirement to run for Senate?
Absolute Monarchy
When a King or Queen has total control over a country.
Autocracy
When one person has complete control over the country and citizens. The most common type is a Dictatorship.
Democracy
When the citizens control the government by directly deciding/voting on laws and procedures.
Representative Democracy or Republic
When the citizens control the government, but elect representatives to govern the country. This is also called Popular Sovereignty.
Law of Blood
When your parents are U.S. citizens, you are a U.S. citizen. This is called:
Members of the House of Representatives are directly elected by the people.
Why did the Framers require that the U.S. House of Representatives have the sole power to introduce tax bills?
Shays' Rebellion was important because it _Showed how weak the Federal Government was. Didn't have the power to enforce the law or raise an army to stop the rebellion.
Why was Shay's Rebellion (the farmer's revolt) so important?
Law of Soil
You are born on U.S. soil , you are automatically a citizen. This is called:
Communism
Based on the idea of state ownership and direction of property and industry.
Anti-Federalist Papers
A Set of papers, articles and essays written against the ratification of the Constitution
Federalist
Believed in a Strong central/national government. Wanted the Constitution ratified just the way it was.
Life, liberty, & property
According to John Locke, all people are born with natural rights. These rights are:
Anti-Federalist
Believed in a Weak central/national government. Wanted the States to have more power than the central government Argued that the Constitution should protect the Rights of citizens and wanted to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution before it was Ratified.
Proclamation of 1763
Colonists wanted more land westward. Britain sent troops to help win the war. King George felt the colonists should have to repay war costs and forbade them to expand into old French territory. Taxing of the colonists increased.
English Bill of Rights
Document that gave additional rights to the people of England (i.e. freedom of speech, no cruel and unusual punishment, etc.).
Magna Carta
Document that limited the power of the King of England and made sure the King had to follow all the laws of the kingdom.
Mayflower Compact
Document that outlined how the people (the pilgrims) on the Mayflower would be governed once they landed.
9th Amendment
Emunerated Rights: Rights that we have that are NOT clearly written in the Constitution
Socialism
Every citizen in the country is equal and the citizens own all means of production.
Due Process
Following established legal procedures to make sure are justice system is fair
Pleading the 5th
Freedom from being forced to provide testimony against yourself.
1st Amendment
Freedom of Speech: The government can't take our right to speak openly and express ourselves. Freedom of Religion: Government cannot interfere with the practice of religion. Freedom of Assembly: The government can't take away our right to come together in groups. Freedom of Press: The government can't take away our right to publish news and information, even if it is about the government! Freedom to Petition: Ability to freely communicate with our government.
World War I
Germany attacked and sunk a ship carrying U.S. Civilians. The U.S. declared war on Germany.
Self-Incrimination
Giving evidence against yourself that could lead to your being found guilty of a crime
people
Government gets its power from the _____________________.
Enlightenment Thinkers
Groups of people who came up with theories on how the government should run.
It gave Congress the power to Tax. It gave Congress the power to control Trade between the states. The Constitution created the Executive branch whose main job is to Enforce Laws. The Constitution created the Judicial branch, which is in Article 3. The Constitution created the Executive branch, which is in Article 2. The Constitution made it so that only 3/4 of the State legislatures were needed to Change/Amend the Constitution.
How did the Constitution solve weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation?
435
How many members are in the House of Representatives?
Tea Act
Placed new taxes on tea, lead, & paint.
Constitutional Monarchy
Power is inherited through the bloodline, but a Constitution limits the monarch's power.
World War II
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. The U.S. declared war on Germany and Japan.
Impose Sanctions
Meaning to stop all relations with a country.
Limited government & Rule of Law
The Magna Carta gave our founding fathers the idea of:
Self-Government
The Mayflower Compact was the first example of, or gave our founding fathers the idea of a:
Checks and Balances
The U.S. Supreme Court declaring an act of Congress unconstitutional is an example of?
3
The United States government is broken up into how many branches?
14th
The ______ Amendment defines the definition of citizenship. States that anyone born or naturalized is a U.S. citizen.
Checks and Balances
The ability of each branch of government to limit each other's powers so one doesn't become Too Powerful.
