AP art history midterm

the roman state persecuted the christians. which of the following would account for this persecution? a. christians refused to pay homage to the states gods b. christians fomented revolt against the roman state c. romans knew the christians would be their downfall d. romans didnt approve of anything originating in judea

christians refused to pay homage to the states gods

the ____ order split from the cluniac order to follow the rules of st. benedict more strictly a. dominican b. knights templar c. monophysite d. cistercian

cistercian

Which city was at its height of political and economic power when it employed the talents of the sculptor Nicola Pisano? a. siena b. florence c. pisa d. ferrara

Pisa

why is the egyptian invention of a clerestory significant?

the columns raised rook to let light in

originally titles the canon, polykleitos's doryphoros reflects the artists belief that a perfect statue _______. a. would convey the personality and emotional qualities of the individual b. reached out into the surrounding space c. was constructed according to a mathematical formula d. duplicated egyptian statues of pharoahs

was constructed accoring to a mathematical formula

briefly describes the role of women in etruscan society?

women could own property and were educated. they could attend public functions with their husbands and could commsion words of art

the etruscans preferred what building materials for their temples? a. marble b. limestone c. wood and mudbrick d. glazed brick

wood and mudbrick

how does the label, "sinan the great" describe the architect and his work?

"sinan the great" describes the architect and his work because he did great things and achieved a lot. the mosque of selim was a part of his architecture that unified interior space.

tiryns was: a. a fortified chapel b. an egyptian outpost c. a market d. a shrine to the minoan goddess

a fortified chapel

______ were innovative architectural features that appeared at cluny III a. clerestory windows b. a barrel vault c. a three-story elevation and pointed arches d. rounded arches

a three-story elevation and pointed arches

which of the following is considered a masterpiece of the rayonnant style? a. Reims Cathedral b. Ste-Chapelle c. St- Dennis d. Amiens Cathedral

Ste-Chapelle

speyer cathedral was considered the burial church of the emperors of the holy roman empire. which of the following churches was the burial church for the kings of france? a. notre-dame, paris b. notre-dame, reims c. st-denis d. Ste. chapelle

St. Denis

in the statue of athena parthenos, what did she hold that made an overt reference to the athenian victory over the persians in 479 bc a. the shield with head of xerxes b. small persian soldier c. the helmet with the headless persian d. a winged nike figure

a winged nike figure

the east end of saint-etienne at vignory, which was comprised of ____ was innovative. a. an apse and a triumphal b. a double transept and a chancel c. semi domes d. an ambulatory and three radiating chapels

an ambulatory and three radiating chapels

the geometric krater would most likely be found in which of the following? a. an egyptian tomb b. an athenian cemetery of the geometric period c. the royal burial at ur d. a temple of apollo

an ethenian cemetery of the geometric period

the use of the guardian figures on the lion gate is reminscent of _____. a. the palact of gudea b. minoan palaces c. ancient mesopotamia and egypt d. mycenaean tombs

ancient mesopotamia and egypt

who is usually given credit for the invention of the red-figure technique as seen in the amphora of "archilles and ajax playing a dice game"? a. euthymides b. exekias c. andokides painter d. brygos painter

andokides painter

the international style illustrated rich color, intricate patterns, and weightless figures. Which of the following works depicts this style? a. Lamentation b. virgin and child enthroned with saints (maesta) c. seated apostles (last judgement) d. annunciation

annunciation

the ____ by praxiteles was one of the first statues to represent a female nude a. caryatid A b. diana and actaeon c. aphrodite of knidos d. peplos kore

aphrodite of knidos

what is arabesque and how does it relate to islamic decoration?

arabesque is flowery designs or abstract complex patterns that are used in making walls and domes on the entire surface

the sacred book of islam is the koran or recitations. the recitations or instructions were given to muhammad by the ____. a. holy spirit b. prophet jeremiah c. archangel gabriel d. prophet isaiah

archangel gabriel

which of the following best describes and distinguishes the "fourth style" of roman painting? a. masonry b. linear fantasies c. dissolution of confining walls d. architectural illusionism

architectural illusionism

Who is the architect for the cathedral of Florence? a. giotto b. pietro cavallini c. orcagna d. arnolfo di cambio

arnolfo di cambio

where would an oculus be found? a. at the center of a dome b. in the wall of a temple c. as part of a roman peristyle d. in the apse of a basilica

at the center of a dome

which of the following works of art illustrates how romanized the etruscans became in the 1st century bce? a. apulu veii b. aule metele c. fibula, regolini-galassi tomb d. reclining couple sarcophagus

aule metele

an ancient arab proverb proclaims, "purity of writing, is purity of soul," describes which of the following? a. poetry b. story-telling c. painting d. calligraphy

calligraphy

a female figure used as an architectural support was known as a: a. caryatid b. kore c. kouros d. gorgon

caryatid

what gothic cathedral was finished in the nineteenth century according to the original thirteenth-century plans?

chartres cathedral because of a fire it shows both early and high gothic architecture

the mosaic program found in the apse of san vitale supports the byzantine theme of the holy ratification of church and state. the presence of which figures in the mosaic program supports this theme? a. christ and saint vitale b. saint vitale and justinian c. bishop maximianus and justinian d. christ and justinian

christ and justinian

why is the christian community house in dura europas only a small house? a. no churches were contructed in dura europas b. no large dwellings were constructed in dura europas c. christians did not enjoy the patronage of the roman state d. no shrines or holy structures were allowed in dura europas

christians did not enjoy the patronage of the roman state

The word Renaissance means rebirth. Which of the following was a revived interest during this time? a. Hiberno-saxon manuscripts b. classical culture c. islamic culture d. platonic interpretation of christianity

classical culture

evident in the three goddesses on the parthenon ____ was one of the main changes that took place in the representation of the female figure in the high classical period. a. full nudity b. clingy drapery that follows the contours of the body c. the representation of old age d. a masculine physique

clingy drapery that follows the contours of the body

the ____ is the covered courtyard in a monastery where monks and nuns prayed and meditated in quiet seclusion. a. rectory b. cloister c. infirmary d. abbey

cloister

the monks of the ____ order were one of the primary patrons of romanesque sculpture. a. franciscan b. cluniac c. cisterican d. knights templar

cluniac

which of the following churches was the largest in europe until the new st. peter's in rome was constructed in the 17th century? a. cluny III b. st. sernin, toulouse c. speyer cathedral d. sant' ambrogio, milan

cluny III

how did the cult of the virgin impact gothic society?

compassionate theme. virgin could stand for the sinner and it shifted the faces from severity of romanesque to a gentler and more

what features of the architecture of the palace at knossos are thought to have given rise to the greek myth of the labyrinth?

complexity of palace plan - lots of room

which of the following structural materials allowed the architect of the sanctuary of fortuna primigenia to raise such a grad and eloquent expression of roman power? a. concrete b. marble c. bronze rebar d. metal armatures

concrete

what are characteristics of concrete and what effect did it have upon building design?

concrete is a building material of great strength that allows for flexibility in shaping in both interior and exterior in space

egyptian art-- with the exception of the amarna period-- can be described as which of the following? a. fliud and experimental b. conservative and formulaic c. expressive and experimental d. conservative and fleeting

conservative and formuliac

the palace at tivoli was constructed for which of the following emperors? a. diocletian b. constantine c. marcus aurelius d. trajan

constantine

who was the founder of the "new rome" of the east? a. diocletian b. constantine c. julian d. theodosius I

constantine

in the 10th century caliph al-hakam II undertook major renovations of the great mosque at cordoba, including a mosaic pattern for the maqsura. he wanted to rival the great mosaic-clad monuments erected by his umayyad predecessors in jerusalem. which of the following cities provided the mosaicists? a. jerusalem b. damascus c. rome d. constantinople

constantinople

what form of arch is above the lintel of the lion gate? a. barrel arch b. corbelled arch c. triangular arch d. pointed arch

corbelled arch

the ___ were the christian campaigns to reclaim the holy land from the muslims a. battle of hastings b. relics c. crusades d. cluniacs

crusades

the figures from the frieze of the villa of mysteries are thought to depict an initiation into which of the following? a. cult of demeter b. cult of persephone c. cult of dionysus d. cult of sol invictus

cult of dionysus

____ is the historical event that ushered in the beginning of the classical period. a. death of alexander the great b. defeat of the persians c. construction of the temple of hera I d. greek capture of egypt

defeat of the persians

which of the following is the best explanation for the portrayal of akhenaton's body type? a. he was cursed by the priests of amen b. deliberate artistic reaction against the established canon c. no experienced artists would work for him d. a plot hatched by the priesthood of amen to make him look foolish

deliberate artistic reaction against the established canon

what is atmospheric perspective?

depth is indicated by the increasingly blurred appearance of objects in the distance

a large palace/fort was built at split in yugoslavia by _____. a. julius caesar b. trajan c. diocletian d. constantine

diocletian

the coming of a new religion to jerusalem, a city sacred to both jews and christians, is marked by a monument known as the ___. a. rock of ages b. kaaba c. dome of the rock d. rock of muhammad

dome of the rock

which of the following is built over the spot from which muhammad is believed to have ascended to heaven? a. great mosque, damascus b. dome of the rock c. dome of masjid-i shah d. great mosque, kairouan

dome of the rock

the column used on etruscan temples resemble which type of greek column? a. doric b. ionic c. corinthian d. composite

doric

how did augustus change the style of portrait sculpture?

during republic years portraits of elders were the norm, augustus made sculptures that show him as youthful, powerful, head of state. political powerful statement he used effectively

how did the early christian style change art?

early christian style was a rejection of the classical style in sculpture and painting . mosaics were not made of rock anymore but beautiful gold and illuminations. it sought to replace classical style with a non-naturalistic. wafer thin frontal figure on gold backgrounds

the royal portal of chartres was carved in which style? a. late romanesque b. early gothic c. high gothic d. late gothic

early gothic

in etruscan iconography, which of the following symbolized regeneration? a. wine b. birds c. egg d. bees

egg

during the greek orientalizing period, greek vase decoration, which consisted of rows of composite creatures and exotic animals, was influenced by ______. a. minoan and cycladic art b. egyptian and mesopotamian art c. archaic greek art d. china

egyptian and mesopotamian art

the funerary practice at the mycenaeans, covering the faces of the dead with gold masks, recalls what other culture? a. egyptians b. cycladic peoples c. minoans d. greeks

egyptians

images of old testament kings and queens were frequently represented on french portals, such as saint-denis and chartres, because they______. a. promoted the crusades b. represented hertics burned at the stake c. symbolized the vices of gluttony and lust d. emphasized christ's royal ancestry and the french monarchy

emphasized christs royal ancestry and the french monarchy

perpendicular style was popular in which of the following countries? a. england b. spain c. france d. italy

england

which structure from the athenian acropolis has four sides of very different character with each side resting on different ground levels? a. temple of athena nike b. pathenon c. erechtheion d. propylaia

erechtheion

who or what is tinia? a. lady of vulci b. greek goddess c. an ancient cloak d. etruscan god

etruscan god

how do etruscan sarcophagi reflect the attitude of etruscan society?

etruscan sarcophagi reflect the attitude of etruscan society because it resembles the life. also the sarcophagi were much larger and had fresco paintings representing life. the attitude is reflected and we see now the society does not disclude people whether it be man/women but enjoys life.

____ was the economic system that was gradually replaced byt he growth of towns and cities during the romanesque period. a. pilgrimage b. the crusades c. feudalism d. monasticism

feudalism

introduced in french gothic architecture ____, are arm-like extensions that helped support the weight of the nave vaults on the outside of the building. a. timber cieling b. apsidal chapel c. flying buttresses d. westwork

flying buttresses

which of the following is the monastic order that influenced art through its stress on nature and the primacy of personal experience? a. dominican b. benedictine c. cistercian d. franciscan

franciscan

tomb paintings were created in which of the following techniques? a. oils b. encaustic c. tempera d. fresco secco

fresco secco

he restored the naturalistic approach to painting as practiced in Antiquity. He inaugurated a method of pictorial expression based on observation. He revealed nature and its visible order. This describes which of the following artists? a. Duccio b. Pietro Cavallini c. Cimabue d. Giotto

giotto

this artist projected on a flat surface the illusion of space. He also projected the illusion of solid bodies moving through that space. This description describes which of the following artists? a. duccio b. pietro cavallini c. simone martini d. giotto

giotto

how does giottos lamentation reveal the essentials of his style?

gives natural and realistic embodiment to his characters. it takes ideas from late antiquity but transforms them into a more naturalistic approach.

what was portrayed in ambrogio lorenzettis frescoes in siena?

good and bad government sharing peaceful and prosperous life in city and country

which of the following themes represents the interior decorative program of santa constanza? a. the lives of the saints b. the passion c. grape harvest and wine production d. history of rome

grape harvest and wine production

what contributed to the transformation of etruscan society in the orientalizing period? a. an alliance with republican rome b. an alliance with greek colonies in the south c. great mineral wealth d. a strong navy

great mineral wealth

the term roman-like was adopted to describe the architecture of the romanesque period, because it relied on elements of roman architecture such as ______. a. groin and barrel vaults b. ionic capitals c. pumpkin domes d. timber ceilings

groin and barrel vaults

which of the following conclusions could be drawn regarding the athenians perception of themselves based on the panathenaic festival frieze from the parthenon? a. deeply devoted to the periclean ideal of democracy b. deeply committed to the delian league c. had high opinions of their own worth d. had high opinions of the spartans

had high opinions of thier own worth

what church combines the intricacies of greek theology, the ambitious architectural scale of rome, the vaulting tradition of the near east, and the mysticism of eastern christianity in order to create a monument that is the summation of antiquity and the triumph of christianity? a. san vitale b. sts.- sergius and bacchus c. church of the dormition, daphni d. hagia sophia

hagia sophia

which one of the following works of art provies information about the minoan religion? a. hagia triada sarcophagus b. spring fresco, thera c. la parisienne fresco, knossos d. octupus jar, palaikastro

hagia triada sarcophagus

a magnificant mortuary temple was built at deir el bahri for which of the following pharoahs? a. nefertiti b. imhotep c. ti d. hatshepsut

hatshepsut

what was the importance of akhetaton to the development of egyptian art?

he believed in 1 god=sun and that was told through the art

explain the importance of basil I

he brought in byzantine artwork after the iconoclasm

it is said muslims worship allah directly without a hierarchy of clergy acting as intermediaries. however during a communal gatherings, the imam would stand on a stepped pulpit or ____. a. maqsura b. mihrab c. qibla d. minbar

minbar

which type of etruscan funerary monument had no parallel in greece? a. porta marzia b. cistae c. monumental sarcophagi d. fibulae

monumental sarcophagi

among the saved in gislebertus's last judgement are people carrying bags adorned with a shell and a cross. these figures represent ____. a. the inhabitants of india b. monks and nuns c. handworkers d. pilgrims

pilgrims

it has been suggested that cycladic figurines were funerary offerings. based on their schematized representation and size, how might they have been placed in the graves? a. standing by the sarcophagus b. standing in the grave c. placed on their backs d. suspended from the sarcophagus

places on their backs

one aspect of etruscan society that contributed to their downfall was the lack of _____? a. political cohesion b. wealth c. skilled artisans d. trade

political cohesion

how do the portraits of livia reflect classical greek sculpture?

portrait bust of livia shows her youthful appearance and sharply defined features derived from images of greek goddesses

mastaba-tomb interiors became quite large and accommodated a number of storage rooms and compartments. what was the function of the tomb shaft that connected the burial chamber with the outside? a. provided access for relatives to come and commemorate the deceased b. provided access to anyone c. provided access for relatives to come and periodically clean d. provided access for the ka

provided acces for the ka

in the dura painting, samuel anointing david, david is depicted with an imperial attribute indicating his royalty. which of the following is that attribute? a. purple toga b. laurel-leaf crown c. cuirass of augustus d. armor of hadrian

purple toga

describe the mosaic, theodora and attendants from san vitale, and explain its symbolism.

she is the center figure. she is wearing fantastic clothes and on her dress is the 3 magii who indicate the gift givers. participation in the celebration of eucharist ceremony elevated role she carries chalice

how does the kneeling statue of hatshepsut indicate her status as pharoah? a. she is kneeling in the presence of mortals b. she is holding a papyrus scroll detailing her accomplishments c. she is wearing the royal male nemes headdress d. she is kneeling therefore she was not pharoah

she is wearing the royal male nemes headdress

christ as the good shepherd appears in the mausoleum of galla placidia and uses many iconographic devices. which of the following is one of those devices? a. goats representing sinners b. sheep representing the faithful c. a basin of water d. a chalice

sheep representing the faithfu

how does the palette of king narmer describe the unification of ancient egypt?

shoes narmer as the largest defeating his enemies

explain the uniqueness of the harvester vase

showed riotous crowds signing and shouting

the kamares style of minoan pottery exhibited: a. sophisticated shapes and monochromatic style b. naive shapes and polychromatic style c. sophisticated shapes and polychromatic style d. naive shapes and monochromatic style

sophisticated shpaes and polychromartic stle

at pentecost the apostles were called to ____. a. stay only in rome b. spread the gospels to all peoples c. hide from the romans d. take care of mary

spread the gospels to all peoples

whose relics were obtained from egypt for venice? a. st. matthew b. st. mark c. st. luke d. st. john

st. mark

how does sta. constanza mirror imperial roman architecture?

sta. costanza has a centrally planned architectural base and mirrors imperial roman architecture such as the pantheon

what were the technical problems encountered by the romanesque masons when constructing cut stone groin vaults? how did they solve the problems?

stone was extremely heavy but it proved to be weather proof as well as fireproof. Because 11th century masons used ashlar blocks joined by martyr they were able too build monumental groin vaults

which of the following would describe the "baroque" style of the 2nd century CE tomb nicknamed al- khazneh, the treasury, located at petra? a. studied disregard for classical rules b. studied regard for classical rules c. experimentation with new architectural rules d. standard use of forms and motifs to reflect middle eastern funerary architecture

studied diregard for classical rules

where would a squinch most likely be found? a. as part of a column b. supporting a dome c. guarding the entry d. at the entrance of a chapel

supporting a dome

minoan columns are distinguished by: a. tapering shape and bulbous capitals b. pronounced swelling in the center c. bud-shaped capitals d. bull-shaped capitals

tapering shape and bulbous capitals

the apulu of veii is made of which of the following materials? a. bronze b. terracotta c. marble d. wood

terracotta

the etruscans preferred which of the following materials for sculpture? a. marble b. gold c. terracotta d. limstone

terracotta

The most devastating natural disaster in Europe during the late 1300s was which of the following? a. mad cow disease b. the collapse of the linen market c. the failure of the medici banks d. the black death

the black death

the emperor trajan commissioned which of the following? a. the colosseum b. an arch of triumph now in paris c. the ara pacis d. the column depicting his victories

the column depicting his victories

in the romanesque period church interiors became impressive acoustical settings for church services. which of the following architectural elements allowed for the excellent acoustics? a. the radiating chapels of the ambulatory b. the upper galleries or tribunes along the nave c. the radiating chapels attached to the transepts d. the continuous barrel-vaulted naves

the continuous barrel-vaulted naves

significant numbers of small marble figurines representing naked women with arms folded over abdomens have been found in: a. mycenae b. the cyclades islands c. troy d. knossos

the cyclades islands

what ancient painting convention was followed to distinguish men from women?

the dark and light. men were painted darker than women

pedimental sculpture is extremely rare in etruscan temple architecture. normally the etruscans placed their narrative statuary on which of the following elements? a. the peaks of the temple roof b. the double niches on the porches c. only in the interior niches in the cella d. only in the niches next to the entrance

the peaks of the temple roof

which of the following encouraged the growth of towns and cities? a. an increase in trade b. the pilgrimage routes c. a consolidation of power within the papacy d. the end of the power of the vikings

the pilgrimage routes

the mshatta palace, never completed, has a rich ornamental frieze with animal figures appearing on some of the triangles. however no animal figures appear on the facade that correspond to the mosque's qibla wall. why is the animal figuration absent from this section of the frieze? a. the representation of fauna on palace walls is minimal b. the representation of fauna on desert palace walls is minimal c. the palace is unfinished, possibly the frieze was yet to be completed d. the representation of fauna in a sacred place is prohibited

the representation of fauna in a sacred place is prohibited

what is a distinctive feature of a hall church? a. the pilgram b. the side aisles are as tall as the nave c. they were connected to monasteries d. they contained a profusion of relics

the side aisles are as tall as the nave

during the romanesque period the vision of christ's second coming was often depicted on which of the following? a. jambs b. the tribune c. the tympanum d. the trumeau

the tympanum

the phrase "consequences of iconoclasm" has significant meaning for the history of byzantine art. explain the iconoclasm and its subsequent impact on byzantine art.

the use of images was banned and much of the artwork from that time was destroyed. 117 years there were no depictions of christ, the virgin or saints

Giotto's Enthroned Madonna reflected the new trend toward naturalism and classical modeling of the figures. Which of the following describes this new trend? a. the virgin is slender and fragile b. her cloak is heavily patterned with gold threads c. the virgin is solid and has mass d. the figures float as if in the spiritual realm

the virgin is solid and has mass

many gothic cathedrals were dedicated to which of the following? a. the virgin many (notre-dame) b. the holy spirit c. the trinity d. christ the judge

the virgin mary

how do the pyramids of the old kingdom represent the sun and rebirth?

their like steps to the heavens, where the afterlife goes. (stepped pyramids) other pyramids had one point that looked to be straight towards the sun

briefly evaluate the cluniac order and its contribution to architecture

they wanted a magnificent setting for the glory of the lord. they were monks who were the primary patrons of romanesque sculpture

how does the theme of the "good shepherd" reflect the heritage of the pre-christian world?

this theme is from greek archaic sculpture the calf bearer- sacrifice to goddess athena. the sheep is meant to represent faithfulness.

the treasury of atreus is an excellent example of a: a. mycenaean fortification b. tholos tomb c. minoan sarcophagus d. temple treasury

tholos tomb

the purpose of tribunes such as those ofund at saint james at santiago de compostela and saint sernin in toulouse was ____. a. to house the overflow crowds and to buttress the weight of the vaults b. for the pope to greet the crowds c. to stage plays d. to hold trials

to house the overflow crowds and to buttress the weight of the vaults

the primary motivation for undertaking a pilgrimage, which was extremely dangerous and could often last a year, was ____. a. to seek salvation or a cure b. to visit family members c. to listen to their favorite preacher d. to become a member of religious order

to seek salvation or a cure

which of the following is the most significant resource for understanding egyptian civilization and religious beliefs? a. detailed hieroglyphic records found in the library of alexandria b. written accounts from ancient greek visitors c. tomb interiors d. temples

tomb interiors

the most venerated pilgrimage shrine in the west, outside Rome or Jerusalem, was the ____. a. tomb of lazarus at autun b. tomb of saint foy at conques c. tomb of st. martin at tours d. tomb of the apostle james at santiago de compostela

tomb of the apostle james at santiago de compostela

which of the following would attest to the sophistication of ancient egyption society in 3500 bce? a. tomb remains b. written papyrus letters c. pyramid at saqqara d. stele

tomb remains

Which of the following is a medieval element depicted on the pulpit for the Baptistery of Pisa Cathedral? a. densely packed, large-scale figures on the panels b. large rectangular relief panels c. the figures have bulk and weight d. trilobed arches

trilobed arches

what political and religious messages are communicated by the barberini ivory?

triumphant justinian on horse like pagan rome. justinians power from christ making him divine authority. larger than life characteristic is shown in the barberini ivory.

minoans coated the rough surface of their rubble walls with a fine white lime plaster that required rapid execution and great skill. which painting method was used with this type of fabrication? a. watercolor b. fresco secco c. true fresco d. tempera

true fresco

what is a tufa, and what effect did it have on the construction of etruscan tombs?

tufa is a soft limestone used for building subterranean multi-chambered tombs

____ was the typical tomb type found at the etruscan cemetery at cerveteri a. mausoleum b. tumulus c. tomb-shrine d. small etruscan house-shaped terracotta

tumulus

the ____ is the semi-circular are above the lintel of a romanesque portal a. trumeau b. buttress c. jamb d. tympanum

tympanum

which of the following was characteristic of the work of simone martini? a. use of elegant flowing contour b. emphasis on drama c. bold modeling of figures d. emphasis on delineation of three-dimensional space

use of elegant flowing countour

the politics of the italian city-states were turbulent and violent. Governments were overthrown and reinstated. The sienese government commissioned a series of frescoes offering a new view, the need for a fair and just administration. The artist of note for this series is which of the following? a. Pietro Cavallini b.Giotto c. Duccio d. Ambrogio Lorenzetti

Ambrogio Lorenzetti

justinian's position on the north wall of the apse of san vitale is somewhat ambiguous. he appears to be slightly behind the bishop, yet the paten he carries overlaps the bishops arm. this indicated the ____. a. unimportance of bishop maximianus b. importance of the state c. force of justinians character d. balance between church and state

balance between church and state

the wall painting in the tomb of the leopards portrays which of the following? a. the roman invasion b. centaurs and lapiths c. banqueters and musicians d. funeral processions

banqueters and musicians

which of the following would be located in a forum and would house the law court for the city? a. stoa b. capitolium c. basilica d. arena

basilica

how did influences from christianity and eastern religions affect roman funerary art?

beginning with trajan, romans began to favor burials rather than cremations as funerary practice - increased the demand for sarcophagi

theodora's presence in the mosaic program of san vitale indicates her importance and unique position within the court of justinian. the representation of the three magi on the border of her robe also suggests she ____. a. belongs here as empress b. belongs in the elevated company c. belongs here as wife to justinian d. belongs here because of her patronage

belongs in the elevated company

the cistercian monk who criticized the elaborate sculptural decoration in cloisters was ____. a. william of normandy b. richard the lionhearted c. bernard of clairvaux d. gislerbertus

bernard of clairvaux

how is the interior architectural space defined in the muslim world? a. by having no interior walls b. by rearranging the courtyard fountains c. by moving the walls around to increase or decrease space d. by rearranging the carpets and cushions

by having no interior walls

the seventh and eighth centuries were a period of turmoil for byzantium. this period saw the loss of the eastern provinces to conquest under the banner of islam. these events persuaded emperor leo III that god was punishing the empire for its idolatrous worship of icons. based on this what did leo III initiate? a. he formally prohibited the use of images b. he formally petitioned prayers from the patriarch c. he formally charged the imperial workshops to increase production of images d. he formally charged the population to increase their worship of images

he formally prohibited the use of images

coffering was a useful architectural device in that it performed what function? a. helped expand interior space b. helped lighten the weight of a dome or arch c. supplied an accurate means of a measurement for the romans d. enabled extensive road systems to be built

helped lighten the weight of a dome or arch

what speaks for identifying the minoan snake goddess as either a deity or a priestess?

her openness, as in her chest shows fertility as goddess

the unification of text and ornament found in the design of islamic korans is also found in the european manuscripts of the ____. a. hiberno saxons b. carolingians c. ottonians d. early christian

hiberno saxons

how did the work of simone martini exemplify the international style?

his blend of elegant shapes and radiant color with flowing lines. This can be seen in the interpretation of annunciation

which of the following is depicted as a hawk or falcon and protector of pharoah? a. thoth b. seth c. horus d. osiris

horus

describe the alhambra and its impact on the west

huge palace fortress. court of the lions

what was the subject matter seen on the largest dagger found in the tomb from grave circle a - an image that was borrowed from the ancient near east? a. king riding in a chariot b. king killing enemies c. hunters attacking lions d. king making a libation

hunters attacking lions

the many-columned hall found in an egyptian temple is called a ? a. pylon hall b. hypostyle hall c. sanctuary hall d. colonnade

hypostyle hall

which of the following attributes was used to depict christ after christianity was officially recognized by roman authorities? a. laurel leaf crown b. imperial purple c. chariot d. imperial armor

imperial purple

how does william II of sicily indicate his "divine right to rule"?

in the cathedral of monreale, a mosaic panel depicts william II standing next to the enthroned christ who in turn places his hand on williams crown commemorating his divine right to rule

why is the diptych of the nicomachi and symmachi signficant?

indicated that powerful roman families did not embrace christianity

how does giottos madonna enthroned create sculptural solidity and weight?

intense emotional response, formal design and placement of figures in the constructed space - classical/naturalism

the malwiya minaret in samarra was too tall to have been used to call the faithful to prayer and was clearly visible for a considerable distance. which of the following is a possible explanation? a. it is patterned after the tower of babel b. it is based on the ancient ziggurat c. it is based on a roman lighthouse d. its announced the presence of islam

it announced the presence of islam

the diptych of the nicomachi and the symmachi is significant to the art tradition of fourth century rome. which of the following supports that statement? a. it adapted classical tradition for a christian wedding gift b. it initiated the tradition of ivory carving c. the diptych becomes a document acknowledging the marriage of the daughter to junias bassus d. it deliberately continued the classical tradition

it deliberately continued the classical tradition

st.sernin at toulouse has been called a "pilgrimage type" church. which of the following accounts for this designation? a. it added perimeter builldings to house pilgrims b. it attached the ambulatory to the nave c. it had radiating chapels attached to the transept and ambulatory d. it narrowed the main aisle to create a dignified progress for viewing the relics

it had radiating chapels attached to the transept and ambulatory

landscape with swallows is the first pure landscape. which of the following best defines landscape? a. it has no humans and a narrative element b. it has a narrative element c. it has no humans and no narrative element d. it has no humans

it has no humans and no narrative element

the mihrab is a semicircular niche set in the qibla wall; its specific purpose is still being debated. some scholars have suggested the mihrab is referencing muhammad. which of the following best supports this suggestion? a. it honored the place muhammad stood when leading communal worship b. it honored the place muhammad received divine inspiration c. it honored the place muhammad ascended into paradise d. it honored the place muhammad wrote his revelations

it honored the place muhammad stood when leading communal worship

the somber expression of lars pulena on his sarcophagus distinguishes it from earlier sarcophagi? what would account for it? a. a funeral called for gloomy behavior b. the family was roman and did not follow etruscan funeral practices c. it illustrated the decline in etruscan fortunes d. it illustrated the decline in the fortune of lars pulena

it illustrated the decline in etruscan fortunes

critical of the polytheistic religion of his fellow arabs, muhammad had all the idols destroyed, however he preserved the Kaaba. which of the following supports the reason for this preservation? a. it is the islamic worlds symbolic center b. it is the home of muhammad c. it is the site of muhammad ascendancy into paradise d. it is the location of muhammad's divine inspiration

it is the islamic world's symbolic center

the interior mosaic program for st. marks has explanatory labels written in both greek and latin. what accounts for this? a. it accommodates the needs of venice's diverse population b. it reflects the political ambitions of the bishop of venice c. it reflects venice's position as a link between east and west d. it accommodates the needs of the patriarch of constantinople

it reflects venice's position as a link between east and west

paris claimed to be the intellectual center of Gothic europe. its university faculty and the reputations of its masons supported this claim. which of the following also provided support for this claim? a. it was a center for fine book production b. it established the first printing press c. it was a center for classical study d. it was the principal center for commerce for europe

it was a center for fine book production

which of the following describes etruscan art? a. it was a combination of motion and vitality b. it was a combination of stability and calm c. it was a combination of rigid frontality and symmetry d. it was a mass of cylindrical forms

it was a combination of motion and vitality

what purpose did gislebertus's image of the last judgement on the portal of saint-lazare serve? a. it encouraged viewer's to go on a pilgrimage b. it displayed the saint to whom the church was dedicated c. it was meant to instill fear in sinners and call them into church d. it reinforced the virginity of mary

it was meant to instill fear in sinners and call them into the church

which of the following was the first to break with tradition and use his portrait on roman coinage? a. caesar augustus b. pompey c. julius caesar d. tiberious

julius caesar

describe the contributions of justinian during the early byzantine period

justinian marks the end of late roman empire and beginning of byzantine empire. he briefly restored roman empire power. he balanced the church and state as seen in the apse of san vitale. he had a building program which defined byz. architectural style.

what are the statues of the jambs of the royal portal at chartres thought to represent?

kings and queens of the old testament and the royal ancestors of christ

which of the following is a palace on crete? a. knossos b. troy c. tiryns d. sparta

knossos

a standing nude figure of a young man is known in greek art as which of the following? a. kore b. kouros c. ka d. stele

kouros

the earliest known example of the use of contrapposto is the sculpture known as the ___. a. kouros from tenea b. kritios boy c. diskobolos d. doryphoros

kritios boy

the palette of king narmer established the convention for state policy represented in art, a policy proclaiming the pharoah a divine ruler. which of the following supports this idea? a. larger than life representation of pharoah b. entwined animals signify his divinity c. pharoah smiting the enemies of the state d. pharoah with falcon and bull signify his control of the animal world

larger than life representation of pharaoh

the image of christ as the pantokrator refers to his role as _____. a. redeemer b. savior c. lamb of god d. last judge

last judge

fan vaulting was most common in which of the following? a. thirteenth century germany b. early gothic france c. high gothic france d. late gothic england

late gothic england

in second-style wall paintings such as a cubiculum M from the villa of publius fannius synistor, roman architects used _____ to convincingly portray depth. a. lineaer perspective b. puppet-like figures c. imitation marbling d. incrustion

linear perspective

a tomb that resembles a truncated pyramid is called a ? a. tholos b. dromos c. mastaba d. serdab

mastaba

the positioning of all mosques, no matter period or country, must be oriented toward which of the following cities? a. medina b. mecca c. damascus d. jerusalem

mecca

etruscan artisans particularly excelled at which of the following? a. intarsia b. marble sculpture c. weaving d. metalworking

metalworking

why were monumental tombs virtually unknown in the early islamic period and how did this change?

monumental tombs were unknown because muhammad did not want to be buried in one but when the idea struck up, it became quite popular. the idea struck up when the idea of being buried in a mausoleum took place. at first, it was not a factor in the relgion but christians did it and copied it to show how important islam was in the 9th century

how does the statue of virgin of jeanne d'evreux symbolize the gothic period in subject and style?

more humanized a gentle mother with compassion for the sinner. more rounded and alive unlike romanesque statues. "s" shaped curve on the body is very gothic

when compared to the classical style, greek hellenistic art could be characterized as: a. more realistic and emotional b. less apt to express emotion c. more rigid d. having a narrower range of subject matter

more realistic and emotional

sinan was born a christian, converted to islam, then trained in engineering and the art of building while still in the army. he was also court architect to suleyman the magnificent. which of the following was his greatest achievement? a. great mosque, isfahan b. mosque complex of sultan hasan c. mosque of selim II d. madrasa imami, isfahan

mosque of selim II

why are catacombs significant?

most early christian art dates from 3rd and 4th centuries found in catacombs. it was an underground burial chamber. they were put back into this earth to rejoin in heaven

what was the hegira? a. the islamic conquest of egypt b. muhammads flight from mecca c. muhammads vision of gabriel d. the rock in the mosque at mecca

muhammad's flight from mecca

the lion gate is the gateway to: a. tiryns b. knossos c. mallia d. mycenae

mycenae

the rossano gospels is the earliest illuminated manuscript that contains illustrations of which of the following? a. lives of the martyrs b. coronation of peter as pope c. new testament d. martyrdom of paul

new testament

which of the following is the sculptor whose work showed the greatest influence of the forms of classical antiquity? A. nicola pisano b. giovanni pisano c. berlingheiri d. Pietro Cavallini

nicola pisano

pyramids were most popular during which of the following periods? a. predynastic period b. early dynastic period c. middle kingdom d. old kingdom

old kingdom

which of the following is a basilica? a. santa constanza b. old st. peters c. sts. peter and marcellinus d. st. callixtus

old st. peters

what is the significance of old st. peters

one of the early christian churches built by constantine. on the spot of st. peter grave

the fibula excavated from the regolini-galassi tomb illustrates motifs borrowed from the _____. a. orient b. rome c. greece d. india

orient

which work likely commemorates the unification of upper and lower egypt? a. saqqura relief b. palette of djoser c. saqqara stele d. palette of narmer

paletter of narmer

which of the following would be considered the predecessor for the mausoleum of costanza? a. mausoleum of galla placidia b. tomb of the julii c. s. apollinare nuovo d. pantheon

pantheon

the dome of the hagia sophia is supported by ____. a. squinches b. pendentives c. vaults d. bemas

pendentives

which of the following was a tool used by archaeologists to explore tomb interiors at tarquinia without the expensive and time-consuming excavation process? a. periscope b. underground seismograph c. surveying local black market dealers d. careful measurement of the entire tarquinia cemetery

periscope

compound piers are ____. a. piers with doric and ionic capitals b. piers with sculptures of prophets c. pier with painted registers d. piers with attached columns or pilasters

piers with attached columns or pilasters

briefly describe the impact pilgrimage routes had on romanesque europe

pilgrimage routes provided increased funding to the monasteries and churches which caused an overflow of people in cities because they came to see the relics. radiating chapels were created so the church would not be disturbed

egyptian architects were quite innovative in solving problems an invention that was seen in its primitive form in the valley temple of the pyramid of khafre, the clerestory, became a fully realized architectural element at karnak. which of the following describes the functional element? a. raised central roof permitting light to filter into the interior b. provided structural support to permit banks of windows on the side walls c. permitted skylights to be inserted at each corner of the roof line d. widened central aisle permitting larger entry adding more interior light

raised central rook permitting light to filter into the interior

sainte-chapelle, with its walls of stained glass and delicate ornamentation, is the most representative church of the _____ style. a. pilgrimage style b. hall church c. rayonnant d. expressionistic

rayonnant

describe the megaron and its importance in mycenaean architecture

reception hall throne; central hearth structure of human body, 4 minoan style wooded columns

in the archaic period the black-figures style of vase painting was replaced by the ____ style a. red-figure b. corinthian animal c. white ground lekythos d. incising

red-figure

how is the subject of the frieze on the temple of athena nike unique and signficant?

referencing persian defeat victory at marathon

how did the sanctuary of fortuna primigenia at palestrina reflect roman architectural desgin and expression?

reflected roman power. innovative use of concrete allowed architects to transform the entire hillside

pilgrims often journeyed to churches to view ____, which were the material remains of holy figures. a. censors b. relics c. chants d. stained glass

relics

umayyad palaces included elaborate bathing facilities, which were an inheritance from _____? a. byzantium b. abbasid dynasty c. roman influence d. ottomans

roman influence

what does the term romanesque mean and why was it first applied to this art historical period?

romanesque is a word that describes the use in this art time period, unlike any other. the use of stone for groin vaults, arches and arcades is where romanesque came from because it resembles back to the romans.

which of the following became a standard feature of french gothic facades? a. fan vaulting b. perpendicular style c. rose window d. rounded arches

rose window

what region did byzantium christianize? a. lombardy b. russia c. syria d. egypt

russia

which of these churches embodies the essential characteristics of english gothic architecture? a. wells cathedral b. ely cathedral c. salisbury cathedral d. york cathedral

salisbury cathedral

roman temple design during the republican period reflected the colossal design of the greek hellenistic style. this can be seen in which of the following temples? a. temple of "fortuna virilis" rome b. temple of vest, tivoli c. pantheon, rome d. sanctuary of fortuna primigenia, palestrina

sanctuary of fortuna primigenia, palestrina

how does the pyramid reflect the influence of the city of heliopolis? a. seat of the powerful cult of amen whose emblem was the pyramid b. seat of the power cult of re whose emblem was the pyramidal sotne of ben-ben c. home of imhotep d. home of the mason's guild

seat of the power cult of re whose emblem was the pyramidal sotne of ben-ben

describe the typical greek theater design

semi-circle, unabstructed view and open air seating

the pantheon was one of the most influential designs in the history of architecture. it brough new meaning to the concept of "architectural space." which of the following descriptions characterize this influential work? a. the design is based on the intersection of two squares b. the design is based on the intersection of two circles c. the design is based on the intersection of two rectangles d. the design is based on the trapezoid

the design is based on the intersection of two circles

in the cathedral of monreale, a mosaic panel depicts william II standing next to the enthroned christ, who, in turn, places his hand on william's crown. based on this theme, does this panel commemorate? a. the divine right to rule b. the expulsion of the arabs from sicily c. the relationship between venice and sicily d. william II

the divine right to rule

the nave of the hagia sophia was exclusively reserved for the clergy. they laity or congregation was confined to the aisles and galleries. based on this information, what accounts for the symbolical unity of church and state? a. the emperor and empress were the only laity privileged to enter the sanctuary b. the emperor was the only layperson privileged to enter the sanctuary c. the first counselor and the emperor were the only laity privileged to enter the sanctuary d. the imperial council were the only laity privileged to enter the sanctuary

the emperor was the only layperson privileged to enter the sanctuary

the sculptural program of the west facade of Chartres Cathedral proclaims the power and majesty of Jesus Christ. which of the following elements unites all three doorways of the west portal of Chartres Cathedral? a. the episodes from the life of the vifgin are carved on the capitals b. the episodes from the old testament are carved on the capitals c. the episodes from the passion are carved on the capitals d. the episodes from the life of christ are carved on the capitals

the episodes from the life of christ are carved on the capitals

in what way does the etruscan temple differ from the greek temple?

the etruscan temples have wider columns than greek which somewhat resemble doric columns. they also have 3 doors. the etruscans, unlike the greeks, put their statues on tip of the temples. they also did not use stone but used wood and mudbrick

the flight of byzantine scholors in 1453, introduced the study of classical greek into italy. which of the following accounts for this? a. the renewed interest in byzantium b. the formalization of political treaties with byzantium c. the renewed interest in the west d. the fall of byzantium

the fall of byzantium

how does the great mosque of damascus "owe much to the architecture of the greco-roman and early christian east"?

the great mosque of demascus was constructed from blocks, columns and capitals salvaged from roman and early christian structures.

explain the difference between the early greek archaic kouros figure and its egyptian prototype

the greek artists wanted to free the figure from the stone. it was more real. the greeks were all about representing the "perfect" body

what accounts for the fragmentary knowledge of byzantine art prior to the ninth century? a. the ottoman turks invasion of constantinople b. the second crusade c. the iconoclasm d. the seljuk turks capture of anatolia

the iconoclasm

what is the illiad and how did it impact the art history of the aegean?

the illiad is a story written by homer and in the story he names all these cities. everyone just believed he was a great story teller until archaeologists began actually uncovering the cities he was talking about

evaluate the importance of "context" in archaeology and art history.

the importance of context would be to find out were did this come from? or who built this and when we find that out about pieces of art we get a whole historical background that signifies where this all started

what did the humanist cult of fame emphasize? a. the importance of creative individuals b. the importance of a superior government c. the importance of strong leadership d. the importance of a good university system

the importance of creative individuals

how does the painting from dura europas reflect late antique art?

the important figures are larger than other characters- they are weightless and lookout at viewer. there are also magnificent colors to represent royalty

the theme celebrated in both the tomb of the leopards and the tomb of hunting and fishing is which of the following? a. the joy of life b. the gloom of death c. victory in battle d. the sorrow of death

the joy of life

what is the koran?

the koran is the holy book for islam. it holds the prayers and worships. it is written in the islamic writing and language

what is lux nova?

the light that came through the stained glass

the banquet setting seen in the tomb of the leopards takes place in which of the following settings? a. a palace dining room b. a private hosue c. the open air d. the council chambers of the king

the open air