AP art history midterm
the roman state persecuted the christians. which of the following would account for this persecution? a. christians refused to pay homage to the states gods b. christians fomented revolt against the roman state c. romans knew the christians would be their downfall d. romans didnt approve of anything originating in judea
christians refused to pay homage to the states gods
the ____ order split from the cluniac order to follow the rules of st. benedict more strictly a. dominican b. knights templar c. monophysite d. cistercian
cistercian
Which city was at its height of political and economic power when it employed the talents of the sculptor Nicola Pisano? a. siena b. florence c. pisa d. ferrara
Pisa
why is the egyptian invention of a clerestory significant?
the columns raised rook to let light in
originally titles the canon, polykleitos's doryphoros reflects the artists belief that a perfect statue _______. a. would convey the personality and emotional qualities of the individual b. reached out into the surrounding space c. was constructed according to a mathematical formula d. duplicated egyptian statues of pharoahs
was constructed accoring to a mathematical formula
briefly describes the role of women in etruscan society?
women could own property and were educated. they could attend public functions with their husbands and could commsion words of art
the etruscans preferred what building materials for their temples? a. marble b. limestone c. wood and mudbrick d. glazed brick
wood and mudbrick
how does the label, "sinan the great" describe the architect and his work?
"sinan the great" describes the architect and his work because he did great things and achieved a lot. the mosque of selim was a part of his architecture that unified interior space.
tiryns was: a. a fortified chapel b. an egyptian outpost c. a market d. a shrine to the minoan goddess
a fortified chapel
______ were innovative architectural features that appeared at cluny III a. clerestory windows b. a barrel vault c. a three-story elevation and pointed arches d. rounded arches
a three-story elevation and pointed arches
which of the following is considered a masterpiece of the rayonnant style? a. Reims Cathedral b. Ste-Chapelle c. St- Dennis d. Amiens Cathedral
Ste-Chapelle
speyer cathedral was considered the burial church of the emperors of the holy roman empire. which of the following churches was the burial church for the kings of france? a. notre-dame, paris b. notre-dame, reims c. st-denis d. Ste. chapelle
St. Denis
in the statue of athena parthenos, what did she hold that made an overt reference to the athenian victory over the persians in 479 bc a. the shield with head of xerxes b. small persian soldier c. the helmet with the headless persian d. a winged nike figure
a winged nike figure
the east end of saint-etienne at vignory, which was comprised of ____ was innovative. a. an apse and a triumphal b. a double transept and a chancel c. semi domes d. an ambulatory and three radiating chapels
an ambulatory and three radiating chapels
the geometric krater would most likely be found in which of the following? a. an egyptian tomb b. an athenian cemetery of the geometric period c. the royal burial at ur d. a temple of apollo
an ethenian cemetery of the geometric period
the use of the guardian figures on the lion gate is reminscent of _____. a. the palact of gudea b. minoan palaces c. ancient mesopotamia and egypt d. mycenaean tombs
ancient mesopotamia and egypt
who is usually given credit for the invention of the red-figure technique as seen in the amphora of "archilles and ajax playing a dice game"? a. euthymides b. exekias c. andokides painter d. brygos painter
andokides painter
the international style illustrated rich color, intricate patterns, and weightless figures. Which of the following works depicts this style? a. Lamentation b. virgin and child enthroned with saints (maesta) c. seated apostles (last judgement) d. annunciation
annunciation
the ____ by praxiteles was one of the first statues to represent a female nude a. caryatid A b. diana and actaeon c. aphrodite of knidos d. peplos kore
aphrodite of knidos
what is arabesque and how does it relate to islamic decoration?
arabesque is flowery designs or abstract complex patterns that are used in making walls and domes on the entire surface
the sacred book of islam is the koran or recitations. the recitations or instructions were given to muhammad by the ____. a. holy spirit b. prophet jeremiah c. archangel gabriel d. prophet isaiah
archangel gabriel
which of the following best describes and distinguishes the "fourth style" of roman painting? a. masonry b. linear fantasies c. dissolution of confining walls d. architectural illusionism
architectural illusionism
Who is the architect for the cathedral of Florence? a. giotto b. pietro cavallini c. orcagna d. arnolfo di cambio
arnolfo di cambio
where would an oculus be found? a. at the center of a dome b. in the wall of a temple c. as part of a roman peristyle d. in the apse of a basilica
at the center of a dome
which of the following works of art illustrates how romanized the etruscans became in the 1st century bce? a. apulu veii b. aule metele c. fibula, regolini-galassi tomb d. reclining couple sarcophagus
aule metele
an ancient arab proverb proclaims, "purity of writing, is purity of soul," describes which of the following? a. poetry b. story-telling c. painting d. calligraphy
calligraphy
a female figure used as an architectural support was known as a: a. caryatid b. kore c. kouros d. gorgon
caryatid
what gothic cathedral was finished in the nineteenth century according to the original thirteenth-century plans?
chartres cathedral because of a fire it shows both early and high gothic architecture
the mosaic program found in the apse of san vitale supports the byzantine theme of the holy ratification of church and state. the presence of which figures in the mosaic program supports this theme? a. christ and saint vitale b. saint vitale and justinian c. bishop maximianus and justinian d. christ and justinian
christ and justinian
why is the christian community house in dura europas only a small house? a. no churches were contructed in dura europas b. no large dwellings were constructed in dura europas c. christians did not enjoy the patronage of the roman state d. no shrines or holy structures were allowed in dura europas
christians did not enjoy the patronage of the roman state
The word Renaissance means rebirth. Which of the following was a revived interest during this time? a. Hiberno-saxon manuscripts b. classical culture c. islamic culture d. platonic interpretation of christianity
classical culture
evident in the three goddesses on the parthenon ____ was one of the main changes that took place in the representation of the female figure in the high classical period. a. full nudity b. clingy drapery that follows the contours of the body c. the representation of old age d. a masculine physique
clingy drapery that follows the contours of the body
the ____ is the covered courtyard in a monastery where monks and nuns prayed and meditated in quiet seclusion. a. rectory b. cloister c. infirmary d. abbey
cloister
the monks of the ____ order were one of the primary patrons of romanesque sculpture. a. franciscan b. cluniac c. cisterican d. knights templar
cluniac
which of the following churches was the largest in europe until the new st. peter's in rome was constructed in the 17th century? a. cluny III b. st. sernin, toulouse c. speyer cathedral d. sant' ambrogio, milan
cluny III
how did the cult of the virgin impact gothic society?
compassionate theme. virgin could stand for the sinner and it shifted the faces from severity of romanesque to a gentler and more
what features of the architecture of the palace at knossos are thought to have given rise to the greek myth of the labyrinth?
complexity of palace plan - lots of room
which of the following structural materials allowed the architect of the sanctuary of fortuna primigenia to raise such a grad and eloquent expression of roman power? a. concrete b. marble c. bronze rebar d. metal armatures
concrete
what are characteristics of concrete and what effect did it have upon building design?
concrete is a building material of great strength that allows for flexibility in shaping in both interior and exterior in space
egyptian art-- with the exception of the amarna period-- can be described as which of the following? a. fliud and experimental b. conservative and formulaic c. expressive and experimental d. conservative and fleeting
conservative and formuliac
the palace at tivoli was constructed for which of the following emperors? a. diocletian b. constantine c. marcus aurelius d. trajan
constantine
who was the founder of the "new rome" of the east? a. diocletian b. constantine c. julian d. theodosius I
constantine
in the 10th century caliph al-hakam II undertook major renovations of the great mosque at cordoba, including a mosaic pattern for the maqsura. he wanted to rival the great mosaic-clad monuments erected by his umayyad predecessors in jerusalem. which of the following cities provided the mosaicists? a. jerusalem b. damascus c. rome d. constantinople
constantinople
what form of arch is above the lintel of the lion gate? a. barrel arch b. corbelled arch c. triangular arch d. pointed arch
corbelled arch
the ___ were the christian campaigns to reclaim the holy land from the muslims a. battle of hastings b. relics c. crusades d. cluniacs
crusades
the figures from the frieze of the villa of mysteries are thought to depict an initiation into which of the following? a. cult of demeter b. cult of persephone c. cult of dionysus d. cult of sol invictus
cult of dionysus
____ is the historical event that ushered in the beginning of the classical period. a. death of alexander the great b. defeat of the persians c. construction of the temple of hera I d. greek capture of egypt
defeat of the persians
which of the following is the best explanation for the portrayal of akhenaton's body type? a. he was cursed by the priests of amen b. deliberate artistic reaction against the established canon c. no experienced artists would work for him d. a plot hatched by the priesthood of amen to make him look foolish
deliberate artistic reaction against the established canon
what is atmospheric perspective?
depth is indicated by the increasingly blurred appearance of objects in the distance
a large palace/fort was built at split in yugoslavia by _____. a. julius caesar b. trajan c. diocletian d. constantine
diocletian
the coming of a new religion to jerusalem, a city sacred to both jews and christians, is marked by a monument known as the ___. a. rock of ages b. kaaba c. dome of the rock d. rock of muhammad
dome of the rock
which of the following is built over the spot from which muhammad is believed to have ascended to heaven? a. great mosque, damascus b. dome of the rock c. dome of masjid-i shah d. great mosque, kairouan
dome of the rock
the column used on etruscan temples resemble which type of greek column? a. doric b. ionic c. corinthian d. composite
doric
how did augustus change the style of portrait sculpture?
during republic years portraits of elders were the norm, augustus made sculptures that show him as youthful, powerful, head of state. political powerful statement he used effectively
how did the early christian style change art?
early christian style was a rejection of the classical style in sculpture and painting . mosaics were not made of rock anymore but beautiful gold and illuminations. it sought to replace classical style with a non-naturalistic. wafer thin frontal figure on gold backgrounds
the royal portal of chartres was carved in which style? a. late romanesque b. early gothic c. high gothic d. late gothic
early gothic
in etruscan iconography, which of the following symbolized regeneration? a. wine b. birds c. egg d. bees
egg
during the greek orientalizing period, greek vase decoration, which consisted of rows of composite creatures and exotic animals, was influenced by ______. a. minoan and cycladic art b. egyptian and mesopotamian art c. archaic greek art d. china
egyptian and mesopotamian art
the funerary practice at the mycenaeans, covering the faces of the dead with gold masks, recalls what other culture? a. egyptians b. cycladic peoples c. minoans d. greeks
egyptians
images of old testament kings and queens were frequently represented on french portals, such as saint-denis and chartres, because they______. a. promoted the crusades b. represented hertics burned at the stake c. symbolized the vices of gluttony and lust d. emphasized christ's royal ancestry and the french monarchy
emphasized christs royal ancestry and the french monarchy
perpendicular style was popular in which of the following countries? a. england b. spain c. france d. italy
england
which structure from the athenian acropolis has four sides of very different character with each side resting on different ground levels? a. temple of athena nike b. pathenon c. erechtheion d. propylaia
erechtheion
who or what is tinia? a. lady of vulci b. greek goddess c. an ancient cloak d. etruscan god
etruscan god
how do etruscan sarcophagi reflect the attitude of etruscan society?
etruscan sarcophagi reflect the attitude of etruscan society because it resembles the life. also the sarcophagi were much larger and had fresco paintings representing life. the attitude is reflected and we see now the society does not disclude people whether it be man/women but enjoys life.
____ was the economic system that was gradually replaced byt he growth of towns and cities during the romanesque period. a. pilgrimage b. the crusades c. feudalism d. monasticism
feudalism
introduced in french gothic architecture ____, are arm-like extensions that helped support the weight of the nave vaults on the outside of the building. a. timber cieling b. apsidal chapel c. flying buttresses d. westwork
flying buttresses
which of the following is the monastic order that influenced art through its stress on nature and the primacy of personal experience? a. dominican b. benedictine c. cistercian d. franciscan
franciscan
tomb paintings were created in which of the following techniques? a. oils b. encaustic c. tempera d. fresco secco
fresco secco
he restored the naturalistic approach to painting as practiced in Antiquity. He inaugurated a method of pictorial expression based on observation. He revealed nature and its visible order. This describes which of the following artists? a. Duccio b. Pietro Cavallini c. Cimabue d. Giotto
giotto
this artist projected on a flat surface the illusion of space. He also projected the illusion of solid bodies moving through that space. This description describes which of the following artists? a. duccio b. pietro cavallini c. simone martini d. giotto
giotto
how does giottos lamentation reveal the essentials of his style?
gives natural and realistic embodiment to his characters. it takes ideas from late antiquity but transforms them into a more naturalistic approach.
what was portrayed in ambrogio lorenzettis frescoes in siena?
good and bad government sharing peaceful and prosperous life in city and country
which of the following themes represents the interior decorative program of santa constanza? a. the lives of the saints b. the passion c. grape harvest and wine production d. history of rome
grape harvest and wine production
what contributed to the transformation of etruscan society in the orientalizing period? a. an alliance with republican rome b. an alliance with greek colonies in the south c. great mineral wealth d. a strong navy
great mineral wealth
the term roman-like was adopted to describe the architecture of the romanesque period, because it relied on elements of roman architecture such as ______. a. groin and barrel vaults b. ionic capitals c. pumpkin domes d. timber ceilings
groin and barrel vaults
which of the following conclusions could be drawn regarding the athenians perception of themselves based on the panathenaic festival frieze from the parthenon? a. deeply devoted to the periclean ideal of democracy b. deeply committed to the delian league c. had high opinions of their own worth d. had high opinions of the spartans
had high opinions of thier own worth
what church combines the intricacies of greek theology, the ambitious architectural scale of rome, the vaulting tradition of the near east, and the mysticism of eastern christianity in order to create a monument that is the summation of antiquity and the triumph of christianity? a. san vitale b. sts.- sergius and bacchus c. church of the dormition, daphni d. hagia sophia
hagia sophia
which one of the following works of art provies information about the minoan religion? a. hagia triada sarcophagus b. spring fresco, thera c. la parisienne fresco, knossos d. octupus jar, palaikastro
hagia triada sarcophagus
a magnificant mortuary temple was built at deir el bahri for which of the following pharoahs? a. nefertiti b. imhotep c. ti d. hatshepsut
hatshepsut
what was the importance of akhetaton to the development of egyptian art?
he believed in 1 god=sun and that was told through the art
explain the importance of basil I
he brought in byzantine artwork after the iconoclasm
it is said muslims worship allah directly without a hierarchy of clergy acting as intermediaries. however during a communal gatherings, the imam would stand on a stepped pulpit or ____. a. maqsura b. mihrab c. qibla d. minbar
minbar
which type of etruscan funerary monument had no parallel in greece? a. porta marzia b. cistae c. monumental sarcophagi d. fibulae
monumental sarcophagi
among the saved in gislebertus's last judgement are people carrying bags adorned with a shell and a cross. these figures represent ____. a. the inhabitants of india b. monks and nuns c. handworkers d. pilgrims
pilgrims
it has been suggested that cycladic figurines were funerary offerings. based on their schematized representation and size, how might they have been placed in the graves? a. standing by the sarcophagus b. standing in the grave c. placed on their backs d. suspended from the sarcophagus
places on their backs
one aspect of etruscan society that contributed to their downfall was the lack of _____? a. political cohesion b. wealth c. skilled artisans d. trade
political cohesion
how do the portraits of livia reflect classical greek sculpture?
portrait bust of livia shows her youthful appearance and sharply defined features derived from images of greek goddesses
mastaba-tomb interiors became quite large and accommodated a number of storage rooms and compartments. what was the function of the tomb shaft that connected the burial chamber with the outside? a. provided access for relatives to come and commemorate the deceased b. provided access to anyone c. provided access for relatives to come and periodically clean d. provided access for the ka
provided acces for the ka
in the dura painting, samuel anointing david, david is depicted with an imperial attribute indicating his royalty. which of the following is that attribute? a. purple toga b. laurel-leaf crown c. cuirass of augustus d. armor of hadrian
purple toga
describe the mosaic, theodora and attendants from san vitale, and explain its symbolism.
she is the center figure. she is wearing fantastic clothes and on her dress is the 3 magii who indicate the gift givers. participation in the celebration of eucharist ceremony elevated role she carries chalice
how does the kneeling statue of hatshepsut indicate her status as pharoah? a. she is kneeling in the presence of mortals b. she is holding a papyrus scroll detailing her accomplishments c. she is wearing the royal male nemes headdress d. she is kneeling therefore she was not pharoah
she is wearing the royal male nemes headdress
christ as the good shepherd appears in the mausoleum of galla placidia and uses many iconographic devices. which of the following is one of those devices? a. goats representing sinners b. sheep representing the faithful c. a basin of water d. a chalice
sheep representing the faithfu
how does the palette of king narmer describe the unification of ancient egypt?
shoes narmer as the largest defeating his enemies
explain the uniqueness of the harvester vase
showed riotous crowds signing and shouting
the kamares style of minoan pottery exhibited: a. sophisticated shapes and monochromatic style b. naive shapes and polychromatic style c. sophisticated shapes and polychromatic style d. naive shapes and monochromatic style
sophisticated shpaes and polychromartic stle
at pentecost the apostles were called to ____. a. stay only in rome b. spread the gospels to all peoples c. hide from the romans d. take care of mary
spread the gospels to all peoples
whose relics were obtained from egypt for venice? a. st. matthew b. st. mark c. st. luke d. st. john
st. mark
how does sta. constanza mirror imperial roman architecture?
sta. costanza has a centrally planned architectural base and mirrors imperial roman architecture such as the pantheon
what were the technical problems encountered by the romanesque masons when constructing cut stone groin vaults? how did they solve the problems?
stone was extremely heavy but it proved to be weather proof as well as fireproof. Because 11th century masons used ashlar blocks joined by martyr they were able too build monumental groin vaults
which of the following would describe the "baroque" style of the 2nd century CE tomb nicknamed al- khazneh, the treasury, located at petra? a. studied disregard for classical rules b. studied regard for classical rules c. experimentation with new architectural rules d. standard use of forms and motifs to reflect middle eastern funerary architecture
studied diregard for classical rules
where would a squinch most likely be found? a. as part of a column b. supporting a dome c. guarding the entry d. at the entrance of a chapel
supporting a dome
minoan columns are distinguished by: a. tapering shape and bulbous capitals b. pronounced swelling in the center c. bud-shaped capitals d. bull-shaped capitals
tapering shape and bulbous capitals
the apulu of veii is made of which of the following materials? a. bronze b. terracotta c. marble d. wood
terracotta
the etruscans preferred which of the following materials for sculpture? a. marble b. gold c. terracotta d. limstone
terracotta
The most devastating natural disaster in Europe during the late 1300s was which of the following? a. mad cow disease b. the collapse of the linen market c. the failure of the medici banks d. the black death
the black death
the emperor trajan commissioned which of the following? a. the colosseum b. an arch of triumph now in paris c. the ara pacis d. the column depicting his victories
the column depicting his victories
in the romanesque period church interiors became impressive acoustical settings for church services. which of the following architectural elements allowed for the excellent acoustics? a. the radiating chapels of the ambulatory b. the upper galleries or tribunes along the nave c. the radiating chapels attached to the transepts d. the continuous barrel-vaulted naves
the continuous barrel-vaulted naves
significant numbers of small marble figurines representing naked women with arms folded over abdomens have been found in: a. mycenae b. the cyclades islands c. troy d. knossos
the cyclades islands
what ancient painting convention was followed to distinguish men from women?
the dark and light. men were painted darker than women
pedimental sculpture is extremely rare in etruscan temple architecture. normally the etruscans placed their narrative statuary on which of the following elements? a. the peaks of the temple roof b. the double niches on the porches c. only in the interior niches in the cella d. only in the niches next to the entrance
the peaks of the temple roof
which of the following encouraged the growth of towns and cities? a. an increase in trade b. the pilgrimage routes c. a consolidation of power within the papacy d. the end of the power of the vikings
the pilgrimage routes
the mshatta palace, never completed, has a rich ornamental frieze with animal figures appearing on some of the triangles. however no animal figures appear on the facade that correspond to the mosque's qibla wall. why is the animal figuration absent from this section of the frieze? a. the representation of fauna on palace walls is minimal b. the representation of fauna on desert palace walls is minimal c. the palace is unfinished, possibly the frieze was yet to be completed d. the representation of fauna in a sacred place is prohibited
the representation of fauna in a sacred place is prohibited
what is a distinctive feature of a hall church? a. the pilgram b. the side aisles are as tall as the nave c. they were connected to monasteries d. they contained a profusion of relics
the side aisles are as tall as the nave
during the romanesque period the vision of christ's second coming was often depicted on which of the following? a. jambs b. the tribune c. the tympanum d. the trumeau
the tympanum
the phrase "consequences of iconoclasm" has significant meaning for the history of byzantine art. explain the iconoclasm and its subsequent impact on byzantine art.
the use of images was banned and much of the artwork from that time was destroyed. 117 years there were no depictions of christ, the virgin or saints
Giotto's Enthroned Madonna reflected the new trend toward naturalism and classical modeling of the figures. Which of the following describes this new trend? a. the virgin is slender and fragile b. her cloak is heavily patterned with gold threads c. the virgin is solid and has mass d. the figures float as if in the spiritual realm
the virgin is solid and has mass
many gothic cathedrals were dedicated to which of the following? a. the virgin many (notre-dame) b. the holy spirit c. the trinity d. christ the judge
the virgin mary
how do the pyramids of the old kingdom represent the sun and rebirth?
their like steps to the heavens, where the afterlife goes. (stepped pyramids) other pyramids had one point that looked to be straight towards the sun
briefly evaluate the cluniac order and its contribution to architecture
they wanted a magnificent setting for the glory of the lord. they were monks who were the primary patrons of romanesque sculpture
how does the theme of the "good shepherd" reflect the heritage of the pre-christian world?
this theme is from greek archaic sculpture the calf bearer- sacrifice to goddess athena. the sheep is meant to represent faithfulness.
the treasury of atreus is an excellent example of a: a. mycenaean fortification b. tholos tomb c. minoan sarcophagus d. temple treasury
tholos tomb
the purpose of tribunes such as those ofund at saint james at santiago de compostela and saint sernin in toulouse was ____. a. to house the overflow crowds and to buttress the weight of the vaults b. for the pope to greet the crowds c. to stage plays d. to hold trials
to house the overflow crowds and to buttress the weight of the vaults
the primary motivation for undertaking a pilgrimage, which was extremely dangerous and could often last a year, was ____. a. to seek salvation or a cure b. to visit family members c. to listen to their favorite preacher d. to become a member of religious order
to seek salvation or a cure
which of the following is the most significant resource for understanding egyptian civilization and religious beliefs? a. detailed hieroglyphic records found in the library of alexandria b. written accounts from ancient greek visitors c. tomb interiors d. temples
tomb interiors
the most venerated pilgrimage shrine in the west, outside Rome or Jerusalem, was the ____. a. tomb of lazarus at autun b. tomb of saint foy at conques c. tomb of st. martin at tours d. tomb of the apostle james at santiago de compostela
tomb of the apostle james at santiago de compostela
which of the following would attest to the sophistication of ancient egyption society in 3500 bce? a. tomb remains b. written papyrus letters c. pyramid at saqqara d. stele
tomb remains
Which of the following is a medieval element depicted on the pulpit for the Baptistery of Pisa Cathedral? a. densely packed, large-scale figures on the panels b. large rectangular relief panels c. the figures have bulk and weight d. trilobed arches
trilobed arches
what political and religious messages are communicated by the barberini ivory?
triumphant justinian on horse like pagan rome. justinians power from christ making him divine authority. larger than life characteristic is shown in the barberini ivory.
minoans coated the rough surface of their rubble walls with a fine white lime plaster that required rapid execution and great skill. which painting method was used with this type of fabrication? a. watercolor b. fresco secco c. true fresco d. tempera
true fresco
what is a tufa, and what effect did it have on the construction of etruscan tombs?
tufa is a soft limestone used for building subterranean multi-chambered tombs
____ was the typical tomb type found at the etruscan cemetery at cerveteri a. mausoleum b. tumulus c. tomb-shrine d. small etruscan house-shaped terracotta
tumulus
the ____ is the semi-circular are above the lintel of a romanesque portal a. trumeau b. buttress c. jamb d. tympanum
tympanum
which of the following was characteristic of the work of simone martini? a. use of elegant flowing contour b. emphasis on drama c. bold modeling of figures d. emphasis on delineation of three-dimensional space
use of elegant flowing countour
the politics of the italian city-states were turbulent and violent. Governments were overthrown and reinstated. The sienese government commissioned a series of frescoes offering a new view, the need for a fair and just administration. The artist of note for this series is which of the following? a. Pietro Cavallini b.Giotto c. Duccio d. Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
justinian's position on the north wall of the apse of san vitale is somewhat ambiguous. he appears to be slightly behind the bishop, yet the paten he carries overlaps the bishops arm. this indicated the ____. a. unimportance of bishop maximianus b. importance of the state c. force of justinians character d. balance between church and state
balance between church and state
the wall painting in the tomb of the leopards portrays which of the following? a. the roman invasion b. centaurs and lapiths c. banqueters and musicians d. funeral processions
banqueters and musicians
which of the following would be located in a forum and would house the law court for the city? a. stoa b. capitolium c. basilica d. arena
basilica
how did influences from christianity and eastern religions affect roman funerary art?
beginning with trajan, romans began to favor burials rather than cremations as funerary practice - increased the demand for sarcophagi
theodora's presence in the mosaic program of san vitale indicates her importance and unique position within the court of justinian. the representation of the three magi on the border of her robe also suggests she ____. a. belongs here as empress b. belongs in the elevated company c. belongs here as wife to justinian d. belongs here because of her patronage
belongs in the elevated company
the cistercian monk who criticized the elaborate sculptural decoration in cloisters was ____. a. william of normandy b. richard the lionhearted c. bernard of clairvaux d. gislerbertus
bernard of clairvaux
how is the interior architectural space defined in the muslim world? a. by having no interior walls b. by rearranging the courtyard fountains c. by moving the walls around to increase or decrease space d. by rearranging the carpets and cushions
by having no interior walls
the seventh and eighth centuries were a period of turmoil for byzantium. this period saw the loss of the eastern provinces to conquest under the banner of islam. these events persuaded emperor leo III that god was punishing the empire for its idolatrous worship of icons. based on this what did leo III initiate? a. he formally prohibited the use of images b. he formally petitioned prayers from the patriarch c. he formally charged the imperial workshops to increase production of images d. he formally charged the population to increase their worship of images
he formally prohibited the use of images
coffering was a useful architectural device in that it performed what function? a. helped expand interior space b. helped lighten the weight of a dome or arch c. supplied an accurate means of a measurement for the romans d. enabled extensive road systems to be built
helped lighten the weight of a dome or arch
what speaks for identifying the minoan snake goddess as either a deity or a priestess?
her openness, as in her chest shows fertility as goddess
the unification of text and ornament found in the design of islamic korans is also found in the european manuscripts of the ____. a. hiberno saxons b. carolingians c. ottonians d. early christian
hiberno saxons
how did the work of simone martini exemplify the international style?
his blend of elegant shapes and radiant color with flowing lines. This can be seen in the interpretation of annunciation
which of the following is depicted as a hawk or falcon and protector of pharoah? a. thoth b. seth c. horus d. osiris
horus
describe the alhambra and its impact on the west
huge palace fortress. court of the lions
what was the subject matter seen on the largest dagger found in the tomb from grave circle a - an image that was borrowed from the ancient near east? a. king riding in a chariot b. king killing enemies c. hunters attacking lions d. king making a libation
hunters attacking lions
the many-columned hall found in an egyptian temple is called a ? a. pylon hall b. hypostyle hall c. sanctuary hall d. colonnade
hypostyle hall
which of the following attributes was used to depict christ after christianity was officially recognized by roman authorities? a. laurel leaf crown b. imperial purple c. chariot d. imperial armor
imperial purple
how does william II of sicily indicate his "divine right to rule"?
in the cathedral of monreale, a mosaic panel depicts william II standing next to the enthroned christ who in turn places his hand on williams crown commemorating his divine right to rule
why is the diptych of the nicomachi and symmachi signficant?
indicated that powerful roman families did not embrace christianity
how does giottos madonna enthroned create sculptural solidity and weight?
intense emotional response, formal design and placement of figures in the constructed space - classical/naturalism
the malwiya minaret in samarra was too tall to have been used to call the faithful to prayer and was clearly visible for a considerable distance. which of the following is a possible explanation? a. it is patterned after the tower of babel b. it is based on the ancient ziggurat c. it is based on a roman lighthouse d. its announced the presence of islam
it announced the presence of islam
the diptych of the nicomachi and the symmachi is significant to the art tradition of fourth century rome. which of the following supports that statement? a. it adapted classical tradition for a christian wedding gift b. it initiated the tradition of ivory carving c. the diptych becomes a document acknowledging the marriage of the daughter to junias bassus d. it deliberately continued the classical tradition
it deliberately continued the classical tradition
st.sernin at toulouse has been called a "pilgrimage type" church. which of the following accounts for this designation? a. it added perimeter builldings to house pilgrims b. it attached the ambulatory to the nave c. it had radiating chapels attached to the transept and ambulatory d. it narrowed the main aisle to create a dignified progress for viewing the relics
it had radiating chapels attached to the transept and ambulatory
landscape with swallows is the first pure landscape. which of the following best defines landscape? a. it has no humans and a narrative element b. it has a narrative element c. it has no humans and no narrative element d. it has no humans
it has no humans and no narrative element
the mihrab is a semicircular niche set in the qibla wall; its specific purpose is still being debated. some scholars have suggested the mihrab is referencing muhammad. which of the following best supports this suggestion? a. it honored the place muhammad stood when leading communal worship b. it honored the place muhammad received divine inspiration c. it honored the place muhammad ascended into paradise d. it honored the place muhammad wrote his revelations
it honored the place muhammad stood when leading communal worship
the somber expression of lars pulena on his sarcophagus distinguishes it from earlier sarcophagi? what would account for it? a. a funeral called for gloomy behavior b. the family was roman and did not follow etruscan funeral practices c. it illustrated the decline in etruscan fortunes d. it illustrated the decline in the fortune of lars pulena
it illustrated the decline in etruscan fortunes
critical of the polytheistic religion of his fellow arabs, muhammad had all the idols destroyed, however he preserved the Kaaba. which of the following supports the reason for this preservation? a. it is the islamic worlds symbolic center b. it is the home of muhammad c. it is the site of muhammad ascendancy into paradise d. it is the location of muhammad's divine inspiration
it is the islamic world's symbolic center
the interior mosaic program for st. marks has explanatory labels written in both greek and latin. what accounts for this? a. it accommodates the needs of venice's diverse population b. it reflects the political ambitions of the bishop of venice c. it reflects venice's position as a link between east and west d. it accommodates the needs of the patriarch of constantinople
it reflects venice's position as a link between east and west
paris claimed to be the intellectual center of Gothic europe. its university faculty and the reputations of its masons supported this claim. which of the following also provided support for this claim? a. it was a center for fine book production b. it established the first printing press c. it was a center for classical study d. it was the principal center for commerce for europe
it was a center for fine book production
which of the following describes etruscan art? a. it was a combination of motion and vitality b. it was a combination of stability and calm c. it was a combination of rigid frontality and symmetry d. it was a mass of cylindrical forms
it was a combination of motion and vitality
what purpose did gislebertus's image of the last judgement on the portal of saint-lazare serve? a. it encouraged viewer's to go on a pilgrimage b. it displayed the saint to whom the church was dedicated c. it was meant to instill fear in sinners and call them into church d. it reinforced the virginity of mary
it was meant to instill fear in sinners and call them into the church
which of the following was the first to break with tradition and use his portrait on roman coinage? a. caesar augustus b. pompey c. julius caesar d. tiberious
julius caesar
describe the contributions of justinian during the early byzantine period
justinian marks the end of late roman empire and beginning of byzantine empire. he briefly restored roman empire power. he balanced the church and state as seen in the apse of san vitale. he had a building program which defined byz. architectural style.
what are the statues of the jambs of the royal portal at chartres thought to represent?
kings and queens of the old testament and the royal ancestors of christ
which of the following is a palace on crete? a. knossos b. troy c. tiryns d. sparta
knossos
a standing nude figure of a young man is known in greek art as which of the following? a. kore b. kouros c. ka d. stele
kouros
the earliest known example of the use of contrapposto is the sculpture known as the ___. a. kouros from tenea b. kritios boy c. diskobolos d. doryphoros
kritios boy
the palette of king narmer established the convention for state policy represented in art, a policy proclaiming the pharoah a divine ruler. which of the following supports this idea? a. larger than life representation of pharoah b. entwined animals signify his divinity c. pharoah smiting the enemies of the state d. pharoah with falcon and bull signify his control of the animal world
larger than life representation of pharaoh
the image of christ as the pantokrator refers to his role as _____. a. redeemer b. savior c. lamb of god d. last judge
last judge
fan vaulting was most common in which of the following? a. thirteenth century germany b. early gothic france c. high gothic france d. late gothic england
late gothic england
in second-style wall paintings such as a cubiculum M from the villa of publius fannius synistor, roman architects used _____ to convincingly portray depth. a. lineaer perspective b. puppet-like figures c. imitation marbling d. incrustion
linear perspective
a tomb that resembles a truncated pyramid is called a ? a. tholos b. dromos c. mastaba d. serdab
mastaba
the positioning of all mosques, no matter period or country, must be oriented toward which of the following cities? a. medina b. mecca c. damascus d. jerusalem
mecca
etruscan artisans particularly excelled at which of the following? a. intarsia b. marble sculpture c. weaving d. metalworking
metalworking
why were monumental tombs virtually unknown in the early islamic period and how did this change?
monumental tombs were unknown because muhammad did not want to be buried in one but when the idea struck up, it became quite popular. the idea struck up when the idea of being buried in a mausoleum took place. at first, it was not a factor in the relgion but christians did it and copied it to show how important islam was in the 9th century
how does the statue of virgin of jeanne d'evreux symbolize the gothic period in subject and style?
more humanized a gentle mother with compassion for the sinner. more rounded and alive unlike romanesque statues. "s" shaped curve on the body is very gothic
when compared to the classical style, greek hellenistic art could be characterized as: a. more realistic and emotional b. less apt to express emotion c. more rigid d. having a narrower range of subject matter
more realistic and emotional
sinan was born a christian, converted to islam, then trained in engineering and the art of building while still in the army. he was also court architect to suleyman the magnificent. which of the following was his greatest achievement? a. great mosque, isfahan b. mosque complex of sultan hasan c. mosque of selim II d. madrasa imami, isfahan
mosque of selim II
why are catacombs significant?
most early christian art dates from 3rd and 4th centuries found in catacombs. it was an underground burial chamber. they were put back into this earth to rejoin in heaven
what was the hegira? a. the islamic conquest of egypt b. muhammads flight from mecca c. muhammads vision of gabriel d. the rock in the mosque at mecca
muhammad's flight from mecca
the lion gate is the gateway to: a. tiryns b. knossos c. mallia d. mycenae
mycenae
the rossano gospels is the earliest illuminated manuscript that contains illustrations of which of the following? a. lives of the martyrs b. coronation of peter as pope c. new testament d. martyrdom of paul
new testament
which of the following is the sculptor whose work showed the greatest influence of the forms of classical antiquity? A. nicola pisano b. giovanni pisano c. berlingheiri d. Pietro Cavallini
nicola pisano
pyramids were most popular during which of the following periods? a. predynastic period b. early dynastic period c. middle kingdom d. old kingdom
old kingdom
which of the following is a basilica? a. santa constanza b. old st. peters c. sts. peter and marcellinus d. st. callixtus
old st. peters
what is the significance of old st. peters
one of the early christian churches built by constantine. on the spot of st. peter grave
the fibula excavated from the regolini-galassi tomb illustrates motifs borrowed from the _____. a. orient b. rome c. greece d. india
orient
which work likely commemorates the unification of upper and lower egypt? a. saqqura relief b. palette of djoser c. saqqara stele d. palette of narmer
paletter of narmer
which of the following would be considered the predecessor for the mausoleum of costanza? a. mausoleum of galla placidia b. tomb of the julii c. s. apollinare nuovo d. pantheon
pantheon
the dome of the hagia sophia is supported by ____. a. squinches b. pendentives c. vaults d. bemas
pendentives
which of the following was a tool used by archaeologists to explore tomb interiors at tarquinia without the expensive and time-consuming excavation process? a. periscope b. underground seismograph c. surveying local black market dealers d. careful measurement of the entire tarquinia cemetery
periscope
compound piers are ____. a. piers with doric and ionic capitals b. piers with sculptures of prophets c. pier with painted registers d. piers with attached columns or pilasters
piers with attached columns or pilasters
briefly describe the impact pilgrimage routes had on romanesque europe
pilgrimage routes provided increased funding to the monasteries and churches which caused an overflow of people in cities because they came to see the relics. radiating chapels were created so the church would not be disturbed
egyptian architects were quite innovative in solving problems an invention that was seen in its primitive form in the valley temple of the pyramid of khafre, the clerestory, became a fully realized architectural element at karnak. which of the following describes the functional element? a. raised central roof permitting light to filter into the interior b. provided structural support to permit banks of windows on the side walls c. permitted skylights to be inserted at each corner of the roof line d. widened central aisle permitting larger entry adding more interior light
raised central rook permitting light to filter into the interior
sainte-chapelle, with its walls of stained glass and delicate ornamentation, is the most representative church of the _____ style. a. pilgrimage style b. hall church c. rayonnant d. expressionistic
rayonnant
describe the megaron and its importance in mycenaean architecture
reception hall throne; central hearth structure of human body, 4 minoan style wooded columns
in the archaic period the black-figures style of vase painting was replaced by the ____ style a. red-figure b. corinthian animal c. white ground lekythos d. incising
red-figure
how is the subject of the frieze on the temple of athena nike unique and signficant?
referencing persian defeat victory at marathon
how did the sanctuary of fortuna primigenia at palestrina reflect roman architectural desgin and expression?
reflected roman power. innovative use of concrete allowed architects to transform the entire hillside
pilgrims often journeyed to churches to view ____, which were the material remains of holy figures. a. censors b. relics c. chants d. stained glass
relics
umayyad palaces included elaborate bathing facilities, which were an inheritance from _____? a. byzantium b. abbasid dynasty c. roman influence d. ottomans
roman influence
what does the term romanesque mean and why was it first applied to this art historical period?
romanesque is a word that describes the use in this art time period, unlike any other. the use of stone for groin vaults, arches and arcades is where romanesque came from because it resembles back to the romans.
which of the following became a standard feature of french gothic facades? a. fan vaulting b. perpendicular style c. rose window d. rounded arches
rose window
what region did byzantium christianize? a. lombardy b. russia c. syria d. egypt
russia
which of these churches embodies the essential characteristics of english gothic architecture? a. wells cathedral b. ely cathedral c. salisbury cathedral d. york cathedral
salisbury cathedral
roman temple design during the republican period reflected the colossal design of the greek hellenistic style. this can be seen in which of the following temples? a. temple of "fortuna virilis" rome b. temple of vest, tivoli c. pantheon, rome d. sanctuary of fortuna primigenia, palestrina
sanctuary of fortuna primigenia, palestrina
how does the pyramid reflect the influence of the city of heliopolis? a. seat of the powerful cult of amen whose emblem was the pyramid b. seat of the power cult of re whose emblem was the pyramidal sotne of ben-ben c. home of imhotep d. home of the mason's guild
seat of the power cult of re whose emblem was the pyramidal sotne of ben-ben
describe the typical greek theater design
semi-circle, unabstructed view and open air seating
the pantheon was one of the most influential designs in the history of architecture. it brough new meaning to the concept of "architectural space." which of the following descriptions characterize this influential work? a. the design is based on the intersection of two squares b. the design is based on the intersection of two circles c. the design is based on the intersection of two rectangles d. the design is based on the trapezoid
the design is based on the intersection of two circles
in the cathedral of monreale, a mosaic panel depicts william II standing next to the enthroned christ, who, in turn, places his hand on william's crown. based on this theme, does this panel commemorate? a. the divine right to rule b. the expulsion of the arabs from sicily c. the relationship between venice and sicily d. william II
the divine right to rule
the nave of the hagia sophia was exclusively reserved for the clergy. they laity or congregation was confined to the aisles and galleries. based on this information, what accounts for the symbolical unity of church and state? a. the emperor and empress were the only laity privileged to enter the sanctuary b. the emperor was the only layperson privileged to enter the sanctuary c. the first counselor and the emperor were the only laity privileged to enter the sanctuary d. the imperial council were the only laity privileged to enter the sanctuary
the emperor was the only layperson privileged to enter the sanctuary
the sculptural program of the west facade of Chartres Cathedral proclaims the power and majesty of Jesus Christ. which of the following elements unites all three doorways of the west portal of Chartres Cathedral? a. the episodes from the life of the vifgin are carved on the capitals b. the episodes from the old testament are carved on the capitals c. the episodes from the passion are carved on the capitals d. the episodes from the life of christ are carved on the capitals
the episodes from the life of christ are carved on the capitals
in what way does the etruscan temple differ from the greek temple?
the etruscan temples have wider columns than greek which somewhat resemble doric columns. they also have 3 doors. the etruscans, unlike the greeks, put their statues on tip of the temples. they also did not use stone but used wood and mudbrick
the flight of byzantine scholors in 1453, introduced the study of classical greek into italy. which of the following accounts for this? a. the renewed interest in byzantium b. the formalization of political treaties with byzantium c. the renewed interest in the west d. the fall of byzantium
the fall of byzantium
how does the great mosque of damascus "owe much to the architecture of the greco-roman and early christian east"?
the great mosque of demascus was constructed from blocks, columns and capitals salvaged from roman and early christian structures.
explain the difference between the early greek archaic kouros figure and its egyptian prototype
the greek artists wanted to free the figure from the stone. it was more real. the greeks were all about representing the "perfect" body
what accounts for the fragmentary knowledge of byzantine art prior to the ninth century? a. the ottoman turks invasion of constantinople b. the second crusade c. the iconoclasm d. the seljuk turks capture of anatolia
the iconoclasm
what is the illiad and how did it impact the art history of the aegean?
the illiad is a story written by homer and in the story he names all these cities. everyone just believed he was a great story teller until archaeologists began actually uncovering the cities he was talking about
evaluate the importance of "context" in archaeology and art history.
the importance of context would be to find out were did this come from? or who built this and when we find that out about pieces of art we get a whole historical background that signifies where this all started
what did the humanist cult of fame emphasize? a. the importance of creative individuals b. the importance of a superior government c. the importance of strong leadership d. the importance of a good university system
the importance of creative individuals
how does the painting from dura europas reflect late antique art?
the important figures are larger than other characters- they are weightless and lookout at viewer. there are also magnificent colors to represent royalty
the theme celebrated in both the tomb of the leopards and the tomb of hunting and fishing is which of the following? a. the joy of life b. the gloom of death c. victory in battle d. the sorrow of death
the joy of life
what is the koran?
the koran is the holy book for islam. it holds the prayers and worships. it is written in the islamic writing and language
what is lux nova?
the light that came through the stained glass
the banquet setting seen in the tomb of the leopards takes place in which of the following settings? a. a palace dining room b. a private hosue c. the open air d. the council chambers of the king
the open air