AP Bio DNA Questions
c
62. Enzyme used in the synthesis of mRNA (A) DNA ligase (B) DNA polymerase (C) RNA polymerase (D) Restriction enzyme (E) Reverse transcriptase
a
63. Enzyme used during replication to attach Okazaki fragments to each other (A) DNA ligase (B) DNA polymerase (C) RNA polymerase (D) Restriction enzyme (E) Reverse transcriptase
e
64. Enzyme found in retroviruses that produce DNA from an RNA template (A) DNA ligase (B) DNA polymerase (C) RNA polymerase (D) Restriction enzyme (E) Reverse transcriptase
b
65. Enzyme used to position nucleotides during DNA replication (A) DNA ligase (B) DNA polymerase (C) RNA polymerase (D) Restriction enzyme (E) Reverse transcriptase
a
70. Synthesized at the ribosome (A) Proteins (B) Carbohydrates (C) Nucleic acids (D) Lipids (E) Steroids
c
73. Used to carry the genetic code (A) Proteins (B) Carbohydrates (C) Nucleic acids (D) Lipids (E) Steroids
a
A student uses restriction enzymes to cut a DNA molecule into fragments. The digested DNA is loaded into the wells of an agarose gel and the gel is subjected to an electric current. Upon completion of the run, the gel is stained. 112. Which of the following is true of the dye used to stain the fragments? (A) It increases the contrast between the agar and the DNA fragments. (B) It must be accounted for when calculating the molecular weight of the fragments. (C) Its charged areas interfere with the migration of the DNA. (D) It is bonded only to the sticky ends of the fragments and can directly determine the sequence of the DNA fragments. (E) It gives a three-dimensional view of the structure of the DNA fragments.
a
A student uses restriction enzymes to cut a DNA molecule into fragments. The digested DNA is loaded into the wells of an agarose gel and the gel is subjected to an electric current. Upon completion of the run, the gel is stained. 113. The type and density of the gel are important because (A) they influence the rate of migration of the fragments (B) they may cause some DNA molecules to replicate (C) some DNA nucleotides may be lost due to chemical reactions with the gel (D) some DNA molecules may sink to the bottom and not migrate (E) some DNA molecules may cross-link
b
A student uses restriction enzymes to cut a DNA molecule into fragments. The digested DNA is loaded into the wells of an agarose gel and the gel is subjected to an electric current. Upon completion of the run, the gel is stained. 114. The procedures described can be used to do all of the following EXCEPT (A) isolate and purify certain DNA fragments (B) synthesize novel DNA molecules (C) study the activity of restriction enzymes (D) calculate the size of DNA fragments (E) identify the source of DNA material
d
A student uses restriction enzymes to cut a DNA molecule into fragments. The digested DNA is loaded into the wells of an agarose gel and the gel is subjected to an electric current. Upon completion of the run, the gel is stained. 111. The rate of migration of the DNA fragments through the agarose gel is determined by the (A) ratio of adenine to cytosine in the fragment (B) presence of hydrogen bonds between base pairs (C) length of time the electrophoresis unit is allowed to operate (D) number of nucleotides in the fragment (E) volume of the starting sample
a
Associated with inactivated DNA a. Methylation b. Enhancer activity c. RNA capping d. RNA spliceosome activity e. Reverse transcription
e
Bacterial strain with plasmid resistant to ampicillin- also resistant to lactose Six dishes- 1,2,3,4,5,6- 1,3=glucose medium 2,4 = glucose w/ amp 3,6= glucose w/amp/lac If no new mutation occur, it owuld be most reasonable to expect bacterial growth on which of the following plates? a. 1 and 2 only b. 3 and 4 only c. 5 and 6 only d. 4, 5, and 6 only e. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
b
Bacterial strain with plasmid resistant to ampicillin- also resistant to lactose Six dishes- 1,2,3,4,5,6- 1,3=glucose medium 2,4 = glucose w/ amp 3,6= glucose w/amp/lac If the scientist had forgotten to use DNA ligase during the preparation of the recombinant plasmid, bacterial growth would most likely have occurred on which of the following? a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 4 only c. 4 and 5 only d. 1, 2, and 3 only e. 4, 5, and 6 only
b
If the scientist used the cultures to preform another experiment as shown above, using medium that contained lactose as the only energy source, growth would most likely occur on which of the following plates? lactose on 7+ 9 and Lac + amp on 8 and 10 + on 7,8 - on 9,10 a. 10 only b. 7 and 8 only c. 7 and 9 only d. 8 and 10 only e. 9 and 10 only
b
In the 1940's, Avery, MacCleod, and McCarty transformed nonencapsulated bacteria into encapsulated forms by growing the nonencapsulated cells in a culture containing an extract made from dead encapsulated cells. The transformed cells produced colonies of encapsulated bacteria. Three different procedures and their results are outlined below. Procedure I: Exact made from dead encapsulated cells added to culture medium. Nonencapsulated bacteria added to culture medium. Results: Both nonencapsulated and encapsulated bacteria grow. Procedure II: Extract made from dead encapsulated cells treated with protein-degrading enzymes before adding exact to culture medium. Nonencapsulated bacteria added to culture medium. Results: Both nonencapsulated and encapsulated bacteria grow. Procedure III: Extract made from dead encapsulated cells treated with DNAse (an enzyme that selectively destroys DNA) before adding extract to culture medium. Nonencapsulated bacteria added to culture medium. Results: Only nonencapsulated bacteria grow. 91. What was the purpose of treating the extract with protein-degrading enzymes in Procedure II ? (A) To demonstrate that the transforming factor is an enzyme (B) To demonstrate that the transforming factor is not a protein (C) To destroy nucleic acids in the exact (D) To destroy any capsules in the exact (E) To prevent the extract from being contaminated by nonencapsulated bacteria
c
In the 1940's, Avery, MacCleod, and McCarty transformed nonencapsulated bacteria into encapsulated forms by growing the nonencapsulated cells in a culture containing an extract made from dead encapsulated cells. The transformed cells produced colonies of encapsulated bacteria. Three different procedures and their results are outlined below. Procedure I: Exact made from dead encapsulated cells added to culture medium. Nonencapsulated bacteria added to culture medium. Results: Both nonencapsulated and encapsulated bacteria grow. Procedure II: Extract made from dead encapsulated cells treated with protein-degrading enzymes before adding exact to culture medium. Nonencapsulated bacteria added to culture medium. Results: Both nonencapsulated and encapsulated bacteria grow. Procedure III: Extract made from dead encapsulated cells treated with DNAse (an enzyme that selectively destroys DNA) before adding extract to culture medium. Nonencapsulated bacteria added to culture medium. Results: Only nonencapsulated bacteria grow. 92. What was the purpose of treating the extract with DNAse in Procedure III ? (A) To remove the encapsulated bacteria from the extract (B) To serve as a positive control by demonstrating that a protein in the extract is the transforming factor (C) To serve as a negative control by demonstrating that transformation does not occur without DNA (D) To destroy any enzymes in the extract (E) To destroy any capsules that might be in the extract
a
In the 1940's, Avery, MacCleod, and McCarty transformed nonencapsulated bacteria into encapsulated forms by growing the nonencapsulated cells in a culture containing an extract made from dead encapsulated cells. The transformed cells produced colonies of encapsulated bacteria. Three different procedures and their results are outlined below. Procedure I: Exact made from dead encapsulated cells added to culture medium. Nonencapsulated bacteria added to culture medium. Results: Both nonencapsulated and encapsulated bacteria grow. Procedure II: Extract made from dead encapsulated cells treated with protein-degrading enzymes before adding exact to culture medium. Nonencapsulated bacteria added to culture medium. Results: Both nonencapsulated and encapsulated bacteria grow. Procedure III: Extract made from dead encapsulated cells treated with DNAse (an enzyme that selectively destroys DNA) before adding extract to culture medium. Nonencapsulated bacteria added to culture medium. Results: Only nonencapsulated bacteria grow. 90. A reasonable conclusion to draw from the results of the experiment is that (A) DNA is the genetic material (B) DNA replication is semiconservative (C) DNA is a double helix (D) DNA is translated into protein (E) Mutation is a change in the genetic material
btivity
Increases RNA polymerase activity a. Methylation b. Enhancer activity c. RNA capping d. RNA spliceosome activity e. Reverse transcription
c
Porkaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have wich of the following features in common? a. A membrane-bound nucleus b. A cell wall made of cellulose c. Ribosomes d. Flagella or cilia that contain microtubules e. Linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein
c
Protects RNA from hydrolysis a. Methylation b. Enhancer activity c. RNA capping d. RNA spliceosome activity e. Reverse transcription
d
Selectively removes RNA segments a. Methylation b. Enhancer activity c. RNA capping d. RNA spliceosome activity e. Reverse transcription
b
The scientist used restriction enzymes for what purpose in the experiment a. To make the plasmid small enough to transform cells b. To make cuts in the plasmid DNA c. To make the plasmid enter the cells d. To enable the fragments of DNA to form covalent bonds e. To enable the plasmid to recognize the bacterial cells
a
Which of the following exists as RNA surrounded by a protein coat? a. Retrovirus b. Prion c. Prokaryote d. Spirochete e. Streptococcus