AP Bio Genetics Multiple Choice
A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes, one for head shape (H) and one for tail length (T). Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes is possible in a gamete from this organism? A. HT B. Hh C. HhTt D. T E.tt
a
A tall plant is crossed with a short plant, and the progeny are all intermediate in size between the two parental plants. If the intermediate F1 progeny were allowed to self-pollinate and 25% of the F2 progeny were tall, 50% were intermediate in size, and 25% were short, this would suggest A. incomplete dominance B. polygenic inheritance C. complete dominance D. pleiotropy E. multifactorial inheritance
a
A tall plant is crossed with a short plant, and the progeny are all intermediate in size between the two parental plants. If the intermediate F1 progeny were allowed to self-pollinate, and the F2 progeny were also intermediate in size, but following a normal distribution, this would suggest A. incomplete dominance B. polygenic inheritance C. complete dominance D. a strong environmental influence E. codominance
a
Examine the pedigree of Queen Victoria's family on pg. 170. What do we know about Alexei's future daughters? A. they will definitely carry the defective gene B. it is 50/50 if they will carry the defective gene or not C. there is no way his daughters will express this disease D. his daughters will definitely pass it on to their sons and they will have the disease
a
Gene S controls the sharpness of spines in a type of cactus. Cactuses with the dominant allele, S, have sharp spines, whereas homozygous recessive ss cactuses have dull spines. At the same time, a second gene, N, determines whether cactuses have spines. Homozygous recessive nn cactuses have no spines at all. A cross between a true-breeding sharp-spined cactus and a spineless cactus would produce A. all sharp-spined progeny B. 50% sharp-spined, 50% dull-spined C. 25% sharp-spined, 50% dull-spined, 25% spineless progeny D. all spineless progeny E. It is impossible to determine the phenotypes of the progeny
a
Hydrangea plants of the same genotype are planted in a large flower garden. Some of the plants produce blue flowers and others pink flowers. Ths can be best explained by A. environmental factors such as soil pH B. the allele for blue hydrangea being completely dominant C. the alleles being codominant D. the fact that a mutation has occurred E. acknowledging that multiple alleles are involved
a
The phenotype of the heterozygote differs from the phenotypes of both homozygotes A. incomplete dominance B. multiple alleles C. pleiotropy D. epistasis
a
What are Punnett squares used for? A. predicting the result of genetic crosses between organisms of known genotypes B. determining the DNA sequence of a given gene C. identifying the gene locus where allelic variations are possible D. to determine the gametes from the male and female E.more than one of the above
a
A 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio is characteristic of which of the following? A. a monohybrid cross B. a dihybrid cross C. a trihybrid cross D. linked genes E. both A and D
b
A woman and her spouse both show the normal phenotype for pigmentation, but both had one parent who was an albino. Albinism is an autosomal recessive trait. If their first two children have normal pigmentation, what is the probability that their third child will be an albino? A. 0 B. 1/4 C. 1/2 D. 3/4 E. 1
b
A woman and her spouse both show the normal phenotype for pigmentation, but both had one parent who was an albino. Albinism is an autosomal recessive trait. What is the probability that their first child will be an albino? A. 0 B. 1/4 C. 1/2 D. 3/4 E. 1
b
Gene S controls the sharpness of spines in a type of cactus. Cactuses with the dominant allele, S, have sharp spines, whereas homozygous recessive ss cactuses have dull spines. At the same time, a second gene, N, determines whether cactuses have spines. Homozygous recessive nn cactuses have no spines at all. The relationship between genes S and N is an example of A. incomplete dominance B. epistasis C. complete dominance D. peiotropy E. codominance
b
In cattle, roan coat color (mixed red and white hairs) occurs in the heterozygous (Rr) offspring of red (RR) and white (rr) homozygotes. Which of the following crosses would produce offspring in the ratio of A. red x white B. roan x roan C. white x roan D. red x roan E. the answer cannot be determined from the information provided
b
It was important that Mendel examined not just the F1 generation in his breeding experiments, but the F2 generation as well, because A. he obtained very few F1 progeny, making statistical analysis difficult B. parental traits that were not observed in the F1 reappeared in the F2, suggesting that the traits did not truly disappear in F1 C. analysis of the F1 progeny would have allowed him to discover the law of segregation, but not the law of independent assortment D. the dominant phenotypes were visible in the F2 generation, but not in the F1 E. all of the above
b
P=purple, pp=white. The offspring of a cross between two heterozygous purple-flowering plants (Pp x Pp) results in A. all purple-flowered plants B. purple-flowered plants and white-flowered plants C. two types of white-flowered plants; PP and Pp D. all white-flowered plants E. all pink-flowered plants
b
Siamese cats and rabbits can illustrate coat patterns that are temperature dependent. What principle is this? A. temperature influenced patterns B. point restriction coat patterns C. nature vs. nurture D. environmental pressure
b
The ABO blood group system A. incomplete dominance B. multiple alleles C. pleiotropy D. epistasis
b
Two true-breeding stocks of pea plants are crossed. One parent has red, axial flowers and the other has white, terminal flowers; all F1 individuals have red, axial flowers. If 1,000 F2 offspring resulted from the cross, approximately how many of them would you expect to have red, terminal flowers? (Assume independent assortment) A. 65 B. 190 C. 250 D. 565 E. 750
b
(See image) What is the genotype of individual B-5? A. WW B. Ww C. ww D. WW or ww E. ww Ww
c
(See image) What is the likelihood that the progeny of D-3 and D-4 will have wooly hair? A. 0% B. 25% C. 50% D. 75% E. 100%
c
A 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross is a sign of A. complete dominance B. multiple alleles C. incomplete dominance D. polygenic inheritance E. pleiotropy
c
Feather color in budgies in determined by two different genes Y and B. YYBB, YyBB, or YYBb is green; yyBB or yyBb is blue; YYbb or Yybb is yellow; and yybb is white. Two blue budgies were crossed. Over the years, they produced 22 offspring, 5 of which were white. What are the most likely genotypes for the two blue budgies? A. yyBB and yyBB B. yyBB and yyBb C. yyBb and yyBb D. yyBB and yybb E. yyBb and yybb
c
Given the parents AABBCc x AabbCc, assume simple dominance and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to phenotypically resemble the first parent? A. 1/4 B. 1/8 C. 3/4 D. 3/8 E. 1
c
Huntington's disease is caused by a dominant allele. If one of your parents has the disease, what is the probability that you, too, will have the disease? A. 1 B. 3/4 C. 1/2 D. 1/4 E. 0
c
In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous tall plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short? A. 1/2 B. 1/4 C. 0 D. 1 E. 1/6
c
Mendel accounted for the observation that traits which had disappeared in the F1 generation reappeared in the F2 generation by proposing that A. new mutations were frequently generated in the F2 progeny, "reinventing" traits that had been lost in the F1 B. the mechanism controlling the appearance of traits was different between the F1 and the F2 plants C. the traits can be dominant or recessive, and the recessive traits were obscured by the dominant ones in the F1 D. the traits were lost in the F1 due to blending of the parental traits E. members of the F1 generation had only one allele for each character, but members of the F2 had two alleles for each character
c
Skin color in a fish is inherited via a single gene with four different alleles. How many different types of gametes would be possible in this system? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8 E. 16
c
What can we hypothesize about May (from the pedigree in your text on pg. 170)? A. she has to be a carrier because her mother had the disease B. she has to at least be a carrier because her son has the disease C. she might be a carrier or might be homozygous dominant D. regardless of her genotype, her sons will always be protected by her good gene
c
When crossing a homozygous recessive with a heterozygote, what is the chance of getting an offspring with the homozygous recessive phenotype? A. 0% B. 25% C. 50% D. 75% E. 100%
c
A couple has three children, all of whom have brown eyes and blond hair. Both parents are homozygous for brown eyes (BB), but one is a blond (rr) and the other is a redhead (Rr). What is the probability that their next child will be a brown-eyed redhead? A. 1/16 B. 1/8 C. 1/4 D. 1/2 E. 1
d
A tall plant is crossed with a short plant, and the progeny are all intermediate in size between the two parental plants. This could be an example of A. incomplete dominance B. polygenic inheritance C. complete dominance D. A and B E. B and C
d
Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). What fraction of the progeny of the cross BbTt x BBtt will have black fur and long tails? A. 1/16 B. 3/16 C. 3/8 D. 1/2 E. 9/16
d
Feather color in budgies in determined by two different genes Y and B. YYBB, YyBB, or YYBb is green; yyBB or yyBb is blue; YYbb or Yybb is yellow; and yybb is white. A blue budgie is crossed with a white budgie. Which of the following results is not possible? A. green offspring B. yellow offspring C. blue offspring D. A and B E. A, B and C
d
The fact that all seven of the pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of independent assortment means that A. none of the traits obeyed the law of segregation B. the diploid number of chromosomes in the pea plants was 7 C. all of the genes controlling the traits were located on the same chromosome D. all of the genes controlling the traits behaved as if they were on different chromosomes E. the formation of gametes in plants occurs by mitosis only
d
(See image) What is the probability that individual C-1 is Ww? A. 3/4 B. 1/4 C. 2/4 D. 2/3 E. 1
e
Gene S controls the sharpness of spines in a type of cactus. Cactuses with the dominant allele, S, have sharp spines, whereas homozygous recessive ss cactuses have dull spines. At the same time, a second gene, N, determines whether cactuses have spines. Homozygous recessive nn cactuses have no spines at all. If doubly heterozygous SsNn cactuses were allowed to self-pollinate, the F2 would segregate in which of the following ratios? A. 3 sharp-spined: 1 spineless B. 1 sharp-spined: 2 dull-spined: 1 spineless C. 1 sharp-spined: 1 dull-spined: 1 spineless D. 1 sharp-spined: 1 dull-spined E. 9 sharp-spined: 3 dull-spined: 4 spineless
e
In a cross AaBbCc x AaBbCc, what is the probability of producing the genotype AABBCC? A. 1/4 B. 1/8 C. 1/16 D. 1/32 E. 1/64
e
My 3-year-old niece twisted her ankle and had to wear an ice pack. She decided to take her Siamese cat and put an ice pack on her ankle too!! Much to her surprise, the cat's fur on her ankle turned from white to black! What does this illustrate? A. some genes are influenced by the environment B. temperature-dependent gene expression C. Mrs. Lingo's niece is magic D. this is a fictitious story E. all of the above
e
Two characters that appear in a 9:3:3:1 ratio in the F2 generation should have which of the following properties? A. Each of the characters is controlled by a single gene. B. The genes controlling the acharcters obey the law of independent assortment. C. Each of the genes controlling the characters has two alleles D. Only A and C are correct. E. A, B, and C are correct
e
Which of the following is false, regarding the law of segregation? A. it states that each of the two alleles for a given trait segregate into different gametes B. it can be explained by the segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis C. it can account for the 3:1 ratio seen in the F2 generation of Mendel's crosses D. it can be used to predict the likelihood of transmission of certain genetic diseases within families E. it is a method that can be used to determine the number of chromosomes in a plant
e
