AP Bio LEMUR

19. In a certain population of frogs in which the allele for brown skin is dominant to the allele for green skin, a drought leads to selection against green skinned frogs. When the drought ends, 12 percent of the remaining frogs exhibit the green skin phenotype. If the population shows Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium, what will be the frequency of the green skin allele in the next generation. provide your answer to the nearest hundredth.

(square root) q^2= (square root) 0.12 q=0.35

13. Which of the following phylogenetic trees best illustrates (with the X) the point at which the mutation occurred during the evolutionary history of the organisms?

A

7. Data regarding the presence (+) or absence (-) of five derived traits in several different species are shown in the tube below.

A)

14. Comparison of DNA sequences in table II suggests that a functional GULO gene in lemurs can have a G, C, or T at position 21 but only a G at position 22. Which of the following pairs of predictions is most helpful in explaining the discrepancy?

A) a change to the proten

15. which of the following is the most likely effect of mutation at nucleotide position 7 in the GLUO gene of humans?

B) The deletion of the single nucleotide causes a frame shift, changing the primary structure downstream of the mutation and resulting in a nonfunctional protein.

18. Which of the following could best explain the change in fur color distribution, as shown in the table above?

B) The field was primarily composed of lightcolored soil and little vegetation, affording gray mice protection from predators.

9. Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is a recessive genetic disorder that includes the characteristics of short stature and extra fingers or toes. In the general population, this syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 150,000 live births. In a particular isolated population, however, the incidence of this syndrome among live births is 1 in 500. Assume that both the isolated population and the general population are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to this syndrome. Which of the following best describes the difference between the frequency of the allele that causes the syndrome in the general population and the frequency of the allele in the isolated population?

B) The frequency of the Ellis-van Creveld allele is 0.0447 in the isolated population and 0.0026 in the general population, showing that the rate of genetic mutation is highest among individuals in the isolated population.

6. Undersea landslides can disrupts marine habitats by burying organisms that live on the ocean floor. A population was affected by a recent landslide. Which of the following best predicts how the population will be affected by the landslide?

B) the reduced population will likely have allele frequencies that are different from the initial population.

17. Five new species of bacteria were discovered in Antarctic ice core samples. The nucleotides (base) sequences of rRNA subunits were determined for the new species. The table below shows the number of nucleotide differences between the species.

C) 3,4,2,1,5

16. Lemurs are primates that live on the island of Madagascar off the coast of Africa. Lemurs have a functional GULO gene and are able to produce ascorbic acid. However, primates that live in other places (e.g., humans, chimpanzees, and orangutans) have a GULO pseudogene and are unable to produce ascorbic acid. Which of the following best explains the genetic variation among primate species?

C) Food sources where non-Madagascar primates lived provided ample ascorbic acid in the diet, which removed the selective pressure for maintaining a functional GULO gene.

12. Which of the following best explains the observations concerning DDT resistance in mosquitoes?

C) Natural selection favors DDT-resistant mosquitoes that are already present in a population when DDT exposure occurs

8. The data below demonstrate the frequency of tasters and nontasters of a certain compound in four isolated populations that are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The allele for nontasters is recessive. In which population is the frequency of the recessive allele highest?

C) Population 3

11. A group of people whose ancestors immigrated to North America 200 years ago have certain allele frequencies that differ significantly from those in surrounding populations in the United States. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the difference in allele frequencies?

C) Reproductive isolation

10. Which statement is most consistent with this phylogenetic tree?

C) The common ancestor reptiles, birds and mammals produced amniotic eggs

5. Which of the following phylogenetic trees can be supported by the data?

D) I and II only

4. Interpretation of the data supports which of the following statements?

E) Mammals are more closely related to reptiles than they are to fish

1. The divergence between the two populations of Rhagoletis must have occurred very rapidly because

a. the apple tree was imported into North America with European settlement approximately 200 years ago

2. Initially, which of the following isolating mechanisms is likely to have been the most important in preventing gene flow between the two populations of Rhagoletis?

b. temporal isolation

3. Matings between individuals from the two populations of Rhagoletis produce hybrid flies that appear to be healthy and have normal life spans. The eggs laid by these hybrid flies, however, hatch less often than those of flies from either of the two populations. What isolating mechanism seems to be important in this hybrid population?

c. reduced hybrid fertility