AP BIO UNIT 3 ENTIRELY

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These two products of the light dependant reactions are passed on to the Calvin cycle:

ATP, NADPH

The products of the light dependant reactions:

ATP, NADPH, O2

In the third step of the Calvin cycle, ______.

5 G3P continues the cycle to from RuBP, and 1 G3P leaves the cycle to form carbohydrates.

The chemical equation of photosynthesis is:

6CO2 + 6H2O + energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

ATP stands for:

Adenosine Triphosphate

The chemical equation of cellular respiration is:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

In the first step of the Calvin cycle, Carbon Fixation, ______.

CO2 and RuBP are reduced into 3-PGA from the help of RuBisCO.

In the second step of the Calvin cycle, Reduction, ______.

ATP gives an electron to 3-PGA, making biphosphoglycerate, and add a H+ from NADPH to the biphosphoglycerate to make 3 G3P

The final stage of cellular respiration is the ______. It occurs in the ______. It outputs high amounts of ______.

Electron Transport Chain & chemiosmosis, matrix, ATP

The first stage of cellular respiration is ______. It occurs in the ______, and outputs low amounts of ______. It is the only stage that is (aerobic/anaerobic).

Glycolysis, cytoplasm, ATP, anaerobic

The reactants of the light dependant reactions:

H2O, NADP+, ADP + Pi (phosphate group), (technically) light

The third stage of cellular respiration is the ______. It occurs in the ______. It outputs low amounts of ______.

Krebs/Citric Acid cycle, matrix, ATP

The final electron acceptor in the light dependant reactions is ______.

NADP+

The products of the Calvin cycle:

NADP+, Sugar, ADP + Pi

Where a substrate binds to an enzyme is known as the ______.

active site

______ respiration requires oxygen to function while ______ respiration does not.

aerobic, inaerobic

The ______ site of an enzyme separate from the active site, where substrates do not bind.

allosteric site

Photosynthesis is an example of a(n) ______ pathway.

anabolic

______ reactions form molecules and ______ energy.

anabolic, use

Substrates (are/are not) reusable)

are not

Cellular respiration is an example of a(n) ______ pathway.

catabolic

______ reactions break apart molecules and ______ energy.

catabolic, release

A ______ is something that speeds up a reaction.

catalyst

Protons (H+) moving through ATP Synthase to reduce ADP into ATP is the process of ______.

chemiosmosis

A ______ inhibitor will bind to the active site of an enzyme to prevent the substrate from binding.

competitive

When a substrate binds, and enzyme undergoes a ______ to better fit the substrate.

conformational shape change

The folds on the inner membrane of mitochondrion are known as _______.

cristae

In an exergonic reaction, reactants are (higher/lower) energy than the products because energy is being (absorbed/released) during the reaction.

higher, released

The two types of fermentation:

lactic acid and alcoholic

The two stages of photosynthesis are:

light dependant reactions and Calvin cycle

Emzymes (raise/lower) activation energy.

lower

In an endergonic reaction, reactants are (higher/lower) energy than the products because energy is being (absorbed/released) during the reaction.

lower, absorbed

The fluid inside the mitochondrion is called the ______.

matrix

A ______ inhibitor will bind to the allosteric site of an enzyme to prevent or reduce its function.

noncompetitive

The second stage of cellular respiration is ______. It occurs in the ______. It outputs ______.

oxidation of pyruvate, intermediate space, acetyl CoA

The three parts that make up ATP (or all nucleic acids):

pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate groups

If oxygen is not present, ______ will occur instead, due to being anaerobic.

fermentation

At the end of photosynthesis, energy is stored in ______.

sugar (commonly C6H12O6)

Light dependant reactions take place in the ______.

thylakoid membrane

The ______ is when a reaction reaches its required activation energy and free energy begins to decline.

transition state

The reactants of the Calvin cycle:

CO2, ATP, NADPH

If a protein is exposed to too high of temperatures it will ______ and lose all function.

denature

All living systems (do/do not) require constant input of energy.

do

Energy input (does/doesn't) need to exceed energy loss to maintain order.

does

ATP is a nucleic acid that stores high amounts of ______ in its bonds of phosphate groups.

energy

An ______ is a protein that helps speed up chemical reactions, commonly with the suffix ase.

enzyme

Enzymes are ______, meaning they can only break down specific substrates and are not universal.

specific

The Calvin cycle takes places in the ______.

stroma

A ______ is a substance that an enzyme binds to.

substrate


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