AP BIO UNIT 3 ENTIRELY
These two products of the light dependant reactions are passed on to the Calvin cycle:
ATP, NADPH
The products of the light dependant reactions:
ATP, NADPH, O2
In the third step of the Calvin cycle, ______.
5 G3P continues the cycle to from RuBP, and 1 G3P leaves the cycle to form carbohydrates.
The chemical equation of photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
ATP stands for:
Adenosine Triphosphate
The chemical equation of cellular respiration is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
In the first step of the Calvin cycle, Carbon Fixation, ______.
CO2 and RuBP are reduced into 3-PGA from the help of RuBisCO.
In the second step of the Calvin cycle, Reduction, ______.
ATP gives an electron to 3-PGA, making biphosphoglycerate, and add a H+ from NADPH to the biphosphoglycerate to make 3 G3P
The final stage of cellular respiration is the ______. It occurs in the ______. It outputs high amounts of ______.
Electron Transport Chain & chemiosmosis, matrix, ATP
The first stage of cellular respiration is ______. It occurs in the ______, and outputs low amounts of ______. It is the only stage that is (aerobic/anaerobic).
Glycolysis, cytoplasm, ATP, anaerobic
The reactants of the light dependant reactions:
H2O, NADP+, ADP + Pi (phosphate group), (technically) light
The third stage of cellular respiration is the ______. It occurs in the ______. It outputs low amounts of ______.
Krebs/Citric Acid cycle, matrix, ATP
The final electron acceptor in the light dependant reactions is ______.
NADP+
The products of the Calvin cycle:
NADP+, Sugar, ADP + Pi
Where a substrate binds to an enzyme is known as the ______.
active site
______ respiration requires oxygen to function while ______ respiration does not.
aerobic, inaerobic
The ______ site of an enzyme separate from the active site, where substrates do not bind.
allosteric site
Photosynthesis is an example of a(n) ______ pathway.
anabolic
______ reactions form molecules and ______ energy.
anabolic, use
Substrates (are/are not) reusable)
are not
Cellular respiration is an example of a(n) ______ pathway.
catabolic
______ reactions break apart molecules and ______ energy.
catabolic, release
A ______ is something that speeds up a reaction.
catalyst
Protons (H+) moving through ATP Synthase to reduce ADP into ATP is the process of ______.
chemiosmosis
A ______ inhibitor will bind to the active site of an enzyme to prevent the substrate from binding.
competitive
When a substrate binds, and enzyme undergoes a ______ to better fit the substrate.
conformational shape change
The folds on the inner membrane of mitochondrion are known as _______.
cristae
In an exergonic reaction, reactants are (higher/lower) energy than the products because energy is being (absorbed/released) during the reaction.
higher, released
The two types of fermentation:
lactic acid and alcoholic
The two stages of photosynthesis are:
light dependant reactions and Calvin cycle
Emzymes (raise/lower) activation energy.
lower
In an endergonic reaction, reactants are (higher/lower) energy than the products because energy is being (absorbed/released) during the reaction.
lower, absorbed
The fluid inside the mitochondrion is called the ______.
matrix
A ______ inhibitor will bind to the allosteric site of an enzyme to prevent or reduce its function.
noncompetitive
The second stage of cellular respiration is ______. It occurs in the ______. It outputs ______.
oxidation of pyruvate, intermediate space, acetyl CoA
The three parts that make up ATP (or all nucleic acids):
pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate groups
If oxygen is not present, ______ will occur instead, due to being anaerobic.
fermentation
At the end of photosynthesis, energy is stored in ______.
sugar (commonly C6H12O6)
Light dependant reactions take place in the ______.
thylakoid membrane
The ______ is when a reaction reaches its required activation energy and free energy begins to decline.
transition state
The reactants of the Calvin cycle:
CO2, ATP, NADPH
If a protein is exposed to too high of temperatures it will ______ and lose all function.
denature
All living systems (do/do not) require constant input of energy.
do
Energy input (does/doesn't) need to exceed energy loss to maintain order.
does
ATP is a nucleic acid that stores high amounts of ______ in its bonds of phosphate groups.
energy
An ______ is a protein that helps speed up chemical reactions, commonly with the suffix ase.
enzyme
Enzymes are ______, meaning they can only break down specific substrates and are not universal.
specific
The Calvin cycle takes places in the ______.
stroma
A ______ is a substance that an enzyme binds to.
substrate
