AP Biology - Bacteria and Viruses Practice - Vitale

The name of the protein coat that covers the DNA of a virus.

Capsid

What term describes the relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits from the relationship and the second is neither harmed nor helped?

Commensalism

The virus attaches to its host cell

Attachment

What evidence led Stanley to the conclusion that viruses are not alive?

He was able to isolate crystals of tobacco mosaic virus.

The bacteria that use the energy from the sun to make glucose are called:

Photoautotrophs

Viral DNA that is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome.

Prophage

The capsule of a bacterium probably functions as:

Protection

The term "virus" comes from the Latin word that means:

poison

The coat of a virus is usually made up of...

protein

All of the following diseases are caused by viruses except: (strep throat, cold, chicken pox, influenza, AIDS)

strep throat

Which of the following is true of the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell? (a) It contains many ribosomes. (b) It contains many of the cellular organelles found in other living cells. (c) There are many linear chromosomes. (d) DNA is contained inside a nucleus.

(a) It contains many ribosomes

Which one of the following would yield an increase in population in the bacteria? (a) binary fission (b) conjugation (c) endospores (d) sexual reproduction.

(a) binary fission

Which of the following would a microbiologist be surprised to find within a bacterial cell? (a) plasmids (b) internal membranes (c) a circular chromosome (d) ribosomes.

(b) Internal membranes

In which of the following ways does a virus resemble cellular organisms? (a) They divide by mitosis. (b) Their genetic material uses the same genetic code. (c) They can grow on artificial media. (d) They have mitochondria for aerobic respiration.

(b) Their genetic material uses the same genetic code

Which of the following is a "nonliving" characteristic of viruses? (a) They can reproduce. (b) They have no metabolism. (c) They can mutate. (d) They have DNA or RNA.

(b) They have no metabolism

Bacteria can move by all of the following ways except: (a) secreting and gliding through a layer of slime (b) expelling water from a contractile vacuole (c) producing a corkscrew type motion (d) using a whip like flagella.

(b) expelling water from a contractile vacuole

Which one of the following would NOT be true of viruses? (a) They are smaller than bacterial cells and cannot be seen with a light microscope. (b) They are only active when inside a living cell. (c) They can be treated with a normal regimen of antibiotics. (d) They are noncellular

(c) They can be treated with a normal regimen of antibiotics

Which one of the following is true of a vaccine? (a) A vaccine kills the harmful bacteria in the body. (b) Vaccines destroy new pathogens as they enter the body. (c) Vaccines stimulate the body's immune system to produce antibodies. (d) Vaccines produce toxins that destroy pathogens.

(c) Vaccines stimulate the body's immune system to produce antibodies.

Which one of the following indicates how viroids are different from viruses? (a) Viroids are much larger than viruses. (b) Viroids do not contain any type of nucleic acid. (c) Viroids do not have a protein capsid. (d) Viroids infect plants.

(c) Viroids do not have a protein capsid

Which of the following is not a component of viral particles? (a) DNA (b) protein (c) carbohydrate (d) RNA.

(c) carbohydrate

Which of the following are true concerning viruses? (a) Viruses do not grow. (b) Viruses do not maintain homeostasis. (c) Viruses have no energy requirements. (d) All of the above are true

(d) All of the above are true

Which of the following is not true of viruses? (a) They may contain DNA. (b) They contain protein. (c) They are smaller than a bacterium. (d) They metabolize food for energy.

(d) They metabolize food for energy

Humans use bacteria for all of the following except to: (a) produce cheeses (b) to clean up oils spills (c) to produce yogurt (d) to mine minerals from the ground (e) to produce buttermilk.

(d) To mine minerals from the ground

Bacteria are classified according to several characteristics. Which of the following would not be used to classify the bacteria? (a) shape (b) composition of the cell wall (c) method of food getting (d) type of reproduction.

(d) Type of reproduction

Viruses have some of the properties of living organisms. Which of the following is a characteristic of all organisms, but not of viruses? (a) genetic information stored as nucleic acid (b) ability to mutate (c) ability to reproduce (d) structure that includes proteins (e) plasma membrane.

(e) Plasma Membrane

List three factors that limit the growth of a bacterial colony.

- Competition from other microbes/Consumption by other microbes - Used up food supply - Poisoned by metabolic waste

Among bacteria, food-getting may involve....

- Photosynthesis - Chemosynthesis - Parasitism

Bacteria are essential to life on earth because...

- They are decomposers - They are capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates. - They help to recycle essential chemical elements.

Substances used to kill bacteria.

Antibiotics

Bacteria that have no peptidoglycans in their cell walls are placed in which domain?

Archaea

Name given to the domain of prokaryotes that can live in extremely harsh conditions.

Archaea

The parts of the virus made start to assemble

Assembly

Rod-shaped bacteria are called?

Bacilli

How are bacteria different from viruses?

Bacteria possess cell structures such as cell walls, flagella, and ribosomes

A virus that infects a bacterium.

Bacteriophage

This scientist determined that an agent smaller than a bacterium could cause a disease. He was the first to use the word "virus".

Beijerinck

The term for cell division in bacteria is...

Binary Fission

Type of asexual reproduction where a cell divides into two cells.

Binary Fission

The bacteria that use the energy from inorganic chemical reactions to make glucose are called:

Chemoautotrophs

Examples of autotrophic bacteria are...

Chemosynthetic forms

Spherical bacteria are called?

Cocci

During _____, a hollow bridge forms between two bacterial cells.

Conjugation

When two bacteria join and exchange genetic information, it is known as:

Conjugation

Structures formed by bacteria when conditions for growth are unfavorable.

Endospores

The virus's DNA enters the host cell through injection

Entry

Name the two kingdoms of bacteria.

Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

Bacteria may undergo binary fission as often as:

Every 20 minutes

These bacteria do not require oxygen, but neither are they killed by its presence.

Facultative Anaerobes

If a bacterial cell can move, it might do so by means of:

Flagella

These salt-loving archaea survive in extremely salty environments such as the Dead Sea.

Halophiles

In order to produce, a virus must be...

Inside a living cell

Viruses reproduce by:

Introducing a host cell to form viral particles

The type of viral reproduction that always results in the death of the host cell.

Lytic Cycle

The process by which some bacteria convert nitrogen gas into nitrates that can then be used by plants is called:

Nitrogen Fixation

These bacteria require a constant source of oxygen in order to live.

Obligate Aerobes

These bacteria are killed in the presence of oxygen.

Obligate Anaerobes

An organism that lives in or on another living organism.

Parasite

The type of relationship between two organisms where one benefits, and the other is harmed.

Parasitism

Term meaning that bacteria are disease-causing.

Pathogenic

True bacteria are placed in a separate domain from the archaebacteria due to the presence of this polysaccharide in their cell walls.

Peptidoglycan

Short, stiff structures found on the outside of a bacterium that are used to attach to the host.

Pili

What name is given to a small circular piece of DNA in a bacterial cell that has become separated from the chromosomal DNA?

Plasmid

Tiny bits of misfolded protein that are thought to cause Mad Cow Disease.

Prion

Term meaning that a cell has no membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic

The AIDS virus (HIV) is able to enter white blood cells because:

Proteins on the virus are able to match the shape of receptor proteins on the cell surface.

The cell releases hundreds of viruses by bursting

Release

A virus that contains RNA as its genetic information.

Retrovirus

Name given to organisms that live on dead decaying matter.

Saprophytes

Bacteria that are curved or spiral shaped are called?

Spirilla

This scientist was the first to isolate crystals of tobacco mosaic virus. He realized that viruses must be nonliving.

Stanley

List four factors that provide the best environment for bacterial growth.

Suitable Temperature / Source of water / Source of food / Darkness

A close and permanent relationship between two different organisms.

Symbiosis

The host cell starts making parts of the virus

Synthesis

The type of viral reproduction that invades a host cell and remains inactive through several generations of the cell is termed:

The lysogenic cycle

Archaebacteria that live in oxygen-free environments would include the:

The methanogens

Archaea that thrive in temperatures up to 110 °C and at a pH of less than 2 are called?

Thermoacidophiles

What are the two ways that bacteria can cause diseases?

Toxins/Poisons / Cell Damage

A weakened or dead form of a pathogen that causes a response by the immune system.

Vaccine

Smaller than a virus, this infectious agent consists of a tiny molecule of naked RNA.

Viroid

A phage that reproduces only by the lytic cycle.

Virulent Phage

An infectious and nonliving particle that is composed of protein and nucleic acid.

Virus

Viral infections are difficult to treat medically because:

Viruses do not respond to treatment with antibiotics