AP Biology- Photosynthesis
the first step in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to
RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate)
a group of thylakoid discs make up
a granum
chlorophyll b
a green accessory pigment
antenna complex
a group of -250 chlorophyll molecules, enzymes, and other proteins
chlorophyll molecules are attached to thylakoid membranes by
a long hydrocarbon tail
The electrons lost by the P680 reactive center are replaced from:
a water molecule
Chlorophyll
absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light
An___________ ___________ indicates the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of light.
action spectrum
carotenoids(2)
antioxidants that inactivated forms of oxygen
at night, CAM plants incorporate CO2 into _______, which is stored in the________ of their cells
malate;vacuoles
the synthesis of ATP during photosynthesis or respiration occurs as a result of:
phosphorylation of ADP
Plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes are:
photoautotrophs
light behaves not only as waves, but also as particles called:
photons
The process by which light energy is converted into the stored chemical energy of organic molecules is:
photosynthesis
the photolysis of water occurs in conjunction with __________
photosystem II
substances that absorb light are called
pigments
the ________ of a chlorophyll molecule is responsible for absorbing light
porphyrin ring
the part of a chlorophyll molecule that absorbs light energy is the __________
porphyrin ring
P700
reaction center for photosystem I
P680
reaction center of photosystem II
Chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in the
red and blue wavelengths
carotenoids
yellow and orange accessory pigments
thylakoid membranes are involved in _________ synthesis
ATP
surrounding the grans is the ____________
stroma
how many electrons are needed to reduce one molecule of NADP+ to NADPH
2
Cyclic electron transport is different from noncyclic electron transport in that cyclic electron transport produces________
ATP
ATP is generated when protons flow through the _____ _____________ in the thylakoid membrane
ATP synthase
photorespiration is a wasteful process that could be largely avoided if rubisco would bind only ______
CO2
the reactants of the Calvin Cycle are
CO2, ATP, NADPH
Ribulose phosphate is synthesized from:
G3P
the reactants of the light-dependent reactions are:
H20, ADP, NADP+
In photosynthesis the oxygen atoms released as O2 came from _______
H2O
noncyclic electron transport needs a constant supply of electrons. These are obtained from
H2O
oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes directly from:
H2O
which of the following is not one of the intermediates or products of the carbon fixation(Calvin Cycle) reactions?
NADPH(it is a reactant, so it goes in first to the Calvin Cycle)
Which of the following are accessory photosynthetic pigments that expand the spectrum of light that provide energy for photosynthesis
both carotenoids and chlorophyll b
Carbon is fixed in the
calvin cycle
The product of the Calvin cycle that is of greatest practical importance to the plant is_____________
carbohydrate
Rubisco
catalyzes the "fixation" of carbon dioxide
Which of the following is common to both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration?
chemiosmosis
Animals, fungi, and many bacteria that use organic molecules as a source of both energy and carbon are:
chemoheterotrophs
the most important pigment for the process of photosynthesis is
chlorophyll a
reaction center complexes of the light-dependent reactions contain _________ and _________, which receive energy from _________.
chlorophyll;proteins;antena complexes
the action spectrum of photosynthesis best matches the absorption spectrum of
chlorophylls a and b
The synthesis of ATP as a result of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is an _________ reaction that is coupled to the diffusion of ________ down their concentration gradient.
endergonic;protons
At a plant's light compensation point the rate of photosynthesis ___________ the rate of respiration
equates
electrons that are excited to a higher energy level may be transferred to an electron acceptor or may return to a ground state. If the latter occurs, energy will be released in a process known as:
fluorescence
The correct sequence of wavelengths beginning with the shortest
gamma rays, x-rays, UV, visible light, infrared, microwaves, TV and radio waves
the primary function of the stomata is
gas exchange
ATP is formed when _________ the thylakoid lumen.
hydrogen ions leave
the reactions of photosynthesis are divided into two categories
light-dependent reactions and carbon fixation reactions
an electron absorbs a photon of light energy and becomes energized; the energy shifts from a_________ atomic orbital to a ______ atomic orbital.
lower energy; higher energy
the thylakoid membrane encloses a space called the
lumen
The chlorophyll molecule hasa a porphyrin ring that contains a single atom of
magnesium
photosynthesis is a
redox reaction
In C4 plants, the _______ are typically closed at night and open during the daytime to allow for gas exchange.
stomata
in a chloroplast, there is an outer and an inner membrane. the inner membrane encloses a fluid filled region called the
stroma
____________ is not associated with the thylakoid membranes?
the Calvin Cycle
in photosynthesis, ATP and NADPH are produced during
the light-dependent phase
the reactions that occur in the thylakoid membranes are
the light-dependent reactions
the electron transport chain of photosynthesis is located in the:
thylakoid
chlorophyll and accessory photosynthetic pigments are associated with the
thylakoid membranes
G3P
two of these molecules leave the Cavin cycle and react, forming glucose or fructose
During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, a constant supply of electrons is provided by:
water