AP Biology- Photosynthesis

the first step in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to

RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate)

a group of thylakoid discs make up

a granum

chlorophyll b

a green accessory pigment

antenna complex

a group of -250 chlorophyll molecules, enzymes, and other proteins

chlorophyll molecules are attached to thylakoid membranes by

a long hydrocarbon tail

The electrons lost by the P680 reactive center are replaced from:

a water molecule

Chlorophyll

absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light

An___________ ___________ indicates the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of light.

action spectrum

carotenoids(2)

antioxidants that inactivated forms of oxygen

at night, CAM plants incorporate CO2 into _______, which is stored in the________ of their cells

malate;vacuoles

the synthesis of ATP during photosynthesis or respiration occurs as a result of:

phosphorylation of ADP

Plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes are:

photoautotrophs

light behaves not only as waves, but also as particles called:

photons

The process by which light energy is converted into the stored chemical energy of organic molecules is:

photosynthesis

the photolysis of water occurs in conjunction with __________

photosystem II

substances that absorb light are called

pigments

the ________ of a chlorophyll molecule is responsible for absorbing light

porphyrin ring

the part of a chlorophyll molecule that absorbs light energy is the __________

porphyrin ring

P700

reaction center for photosystem I

P680

reaction center of photosystem II

Chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in the

red and blue wavelengths

carotenoids

yellow and orange accessory pigments

thylakoid membranes are involved in _________ synthesis

ATP

surrounding the grans is the ____________

stroma

how many electrons are needed to reduce one molecule of NADP+ to NADPH

2

Cyclic electron transport is different from noncyclic electron transport in that cyclic electron transport produces________

ATP

ATP is generated when protons flow through the _____ _____________ in the thylakoid membrane

ATP synthase

photorespiration is a wasteful process that could be largely avoided if rubisco would bind only ______

CO2

the reactants of the Calvin Cycle are

CO2, ATP, NADPH

Ribulose phosphate is synthesized from:

G3P

the reactants of the light-dependent reactions are:

H20, ADP, NADP+

In photosynthesis the oxygen atoms released as O2 came from _______

H2O

noncyclic electron transport needs a constant supply of electrons. These are obtained from

H2O

oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes directly from:

H2O

which of the following is not one of the intermediates or products of the carbon fixation(Calvin Cycle) reactions?

NADPH(it is a reactant, so it goes in first to the Calvin Cycle)

Which of the following are accessory photosynthetic pigments that expand the spectrum of light that provide energy for photosynthesis

both carotenoids and chlorophyll b

Carbon is fixed in the

calvin cycle

The product of the Calvin cycle that is of greatest practical importance to the plant is_____________

carbohydrate

Rubisco

catalyzes the "fixation" of carbon dioxide

Which of the following is common to both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration?

chemiosmosis

Animals, fungi, and many bacteria that use organic molecules as a source of both energy and carbon are:

chemoheterotrophs

the most important pigment for the process of photosynthesis is

chlorophyll a

reaction center complexes of the light-dependent reactions contain _________ and _________, which receive energy from _________.

chlorophyll;proteins;antena complexes

the action spectrum of photosynthesis best matches the absorption spectrum of

chlorophylls a and b

The synthesis of ATP as a result of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is an _________ reaction that is coupled to the diffusion of ________ down their concentration gradient.

endergonic;protons

At a plant's light compensation point the rate of photosynthesis ___________ the rate of respiration

equates

electrons that are excited to a higher energy level may be transferred to an electron acceptor or may return to a ground state. If the latter occurs, energy will be released in a process known as:

fluorescence

The correct sequence of wavelengths beginning with the shortest

gamma rays, x-rays, UV, visible light, infrared, microwaves, TV and radio waves

the primary function of the stomata is

gas exchange

ATP is formed when _________ the thylakoid lumen.

hydrogen ions leave

the reactions of photosynthesis are divided into two categories

light-dependent reactions and carbon fixation reactions

an electron absorbs a photon of light energy and becomes energized; the energy shifts from a_________ atomic orbital to a ______ atomic orbital.

lower energy; higher energy

the thylakoid membrane encloses a space called the

lumen

The chlorophyll molecule hasa a porphyrin ring that contains a single atom of

magnesium

photosynthesis is a

redox reaction

In C4 plants, the _______ are typically closed at night and open during the daytime to allow for gas exchange.

stomata

in a chloroplast, there is an outer and an inner membrane. the inner membrane encloses a fluid filled region called the

stroma

____________ is not associated with the thylakoid membranes?

the Calvin Cycle

in photosynthesis, ATP and NADPH are produced during

the light-dependent phase

the reactions that occur in the thylakoid membranes are

the light-dependent reactions

the electron transport chain of photosynthesis is located in the:

thylakoid

chlorophyll and accessory photosynthetic pigments are associated with the

thylakoid membranes

G3P

two of these molecules leave the Cavin cycle and react, forming glucose or fructose

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, a constant supply of electrons is provided by:

water