AP Biology Unit Test 10/10

Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the following events, under the influence of natural selection? 1. Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring than do poorly adapted individuals. 2. A change occurs in the environment. 3. Genetic frequencies within the population change. 4. Poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship. a. 2 → 4 → 1 → 3 b. 4 → 2 → 1 → 3 c. 4 → 1 → 2 → 3 d. 4 → 2 → 3 → 1

a. 2 → 4 → 1 → 3

What must be true of any organ that is described as vestigial? a. It must be analogous to some feature in an ancestor. b. It must be homologous to some feature in an ancestor. c. It must be both homologous and analogous to some feature in an ancestor. d. It need be neither homologous nor analogous to some feature in an ancestor.

b. It must be homologous to some feature in an ancestor

In the mid-1900s, the Soviet geneticist Lysenko believed that his winter wheat plants, exposed to ever-colder temperatures, would eventually give rise to ever more cold-tolerant winter wheat. Lysenko's attempts in this regard were most in agreement with the ideas of a. Hutton b. Lamarck c. Lyell d. Cuvier e. Darwin

b. Lamarck

Over evolutionary time, many cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. Whales have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses? a. The ancestors of these organisms experienced harmful mutations that forced them to find new habitats that these species had not previously used. b. Under particular circumstances that persisted for long periods, each of these structures presented greater costs than benefits. c. Natural selection accounts for these losses by the principle of use and disuse. d. Natural selection cannot account for losses, only for innovations.

b. Under particular circumstances that persisted for long periods, each of these structures presented greater costs than benefits.

Darwin's observation of the Galápagos Islands finches' various beaks and behaviors could be explained by a. inherited traits that did not survive. b. adaptations forged by natural selection. c. adaptations to the specific foods available on their mainland. d. modification with descent.

b. adaptations forged by natural selection

Which one of the following researchers developed a theory of evolution that was very similar to Charles Darwin's? a. Hutton b. Lamarck c. Wallace d. Lyell e. Cuvier

c. Wallace

Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the bones in the wing of a bird? a.chitinous struts in the wing of a butterfly b.bony rays in the tail fin of a flying fish c.bones in the flipper of a whale d.bones in the hind limb of a kangaroo

c. bones in the flipper of a whale

It has been observed that organisms on islands are different from, but closely related to, similar forms found on the nearest continent. This is taken as evidence that a. the islands were originally part of the continent. b. common environments are inhabited by the same organisms. c. island forms and mainland forms descended from common ancestors. d. the island forms and mainland forms are converging.

c. island forms and mainland forms descended from common ancestors.

Which of the following represents an idea that Darwin learned from the writings of Thomas Malthus? a. Technological innovation in agricultural practices will permit exponential growth of the human population into the foreseeable future. b. Earth changed over the years through a series of catastrophic upheavals. c. The environment is responsible for natural selection. d.Populations tend to increase at a faster rate than their food supply normally allows.

d, Populations tend to increased at a faster rate than their food supply normally allows

During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception? a. Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits. b. Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance. c. Only favorable adaptations have survival value. d. Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.

d. Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.