A+P Chapter 11 Cardiovascular System

The length of the cardiac cycle is normally ________ second(s) in length.

0.8

What is an ECG/EKG?

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electric currents initiated in the heart by an electrocardiograph.

What part of the heart's intrinsic conduction system carries impulses into the interventricular septum?

Atrioventricular (AV) bundle

What does the secretion of epinephrine do?

Epinephrine mimics the effects of the sympathetic system.

Where do external carotid arteries send blood to?

External carotid arteries send blood to the face and skull.

What is hypotension?

Hypotension is low blood pressure. Most typically it is not pathological and is more commonly a sign of good health.

What information can a clinician obtain from an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

abnormality in electrical activity of the heart

Which of the following is a warning sign of an impending myocardial infarction?

angina pectoris

Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.

aorta

Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting?

aortic semilunar valve

he pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip.

apex

The aorta is classified as one of these vessels

arteries

These vessels carry blood away from the heart

arteries

The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ___while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.

atria; ventricles

The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves.

atrioventricular (AV) valves

The valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the ________ valves.

atrioventricular (AV) valves

Where does the sinoatrial node send an impulse after it initiates the electrical signal?

atrioventricular node

Which of the following occurs when the pressure in the ventricles rises higher than the pressure in the atria?

atrioventricular valves close

Pulmonary arteries transport ________

blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs

Nutrient and gas exchange occur in these vessels

capillaries

Venules drain these tiny beds of vessels

capillaries

A sudden drop in blood pressure (BP) will do what to the heart rate

cause an increase in heart rate

The tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles are called the ________.

chordae tendineae

What anchors the flaps of the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles?

chordae tendineae

The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________.

closure of heart valves

What blood vessel do you palpate when checking the pulse in your neck?

common carotid artery

Oxygented blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________.

coronary arteries

Which of the following supply the myocardium with oxygen-rich blood?

coronary arteries

The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________.

coronary sinus

Pressure in the ventricles is low

diastole

Ventricular relaxation

diastole

The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________.

epicardium

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the ________.

epicardium

Which of the following increases heart rate?

epinephrine

Which of these events is NOT associated with ventricular systole? pressure in ventricles rises heart is relaxed semilunar valves open atrioventricular valves close blood rushes out of the ventricles

heart is relaxed

The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________.

heart rate to decrease

Jordan is told that while his atria are beating normally, his ventricles are beating slower than normal. His doctor suspects a heart block. Damage to what part of Jordan's heart is causing this problem?

his atrioventricular AV node

Pericarditis is most closely related to which of the following cardiac conditions?

inadequate amounts of serous fluid

What will vasoconstriction of arteries do to BP?

increase it

What structure divides the left atrium from the right atrium?

interatrial septum

Which arteries carry oxygen-rich blood into the cranial cavity?

internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ________.

interventricular septum

What will a decrease in peripheral resistance do to BP?

it will decrease it

The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________.

label b

The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________.

label c

The bundle branches are indicated by ________.

label d

The four pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to this chamber

left atrium

Heart chamber with the thickest wall

left ventricle

Inferior discharging chamber on the left side of the heart

left ventricle

Roof of this chamber contains the bicuspid valve

left ventricle

The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.

left ventricle

What chamber of the heart will blood enter after passing through the bicuspid valve?

left ventricle

When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the ________.

left ventricle to the left atrium

Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________.

lungs

The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________.

mediastinum

The bicuspid valve is also referred to as the ________ valve.

mitral

The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________.

myocardium

The sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ________.

pacemaker

What is the function of the heart valves?

prevent backflow of blood

The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation.

pulmonary circulation

The left atrium receives blood from the ________.

pulmonary veins

Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood?

pulmonary veins

Heart chamber that contains the sinoatrial node

right atrium

The coronary sinus empties blood from cardiac circulation into this chamber

right atrium

The fossa ovalis is visible in this chamber

right atrium

The sinoatrial node is located in the ________.

right atrium

The tricuspid valve is located between the ________.

right atrium and right ventricle

Heart chamber that pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk

right ventricle

Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

sinoatrial (SA) node atrioventricular (AV) node atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) right and left bundle branches Purkinje fibers

You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________.

sinoatrial node (SA)

Which of these will decrease heart rate?

stimulation by vagus nerves

The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat is known as ________.

stroke volume

Atrioventricular (AV) valves shut as pressure in the heart rises

systole

Blood is ejected from the ventricles through the pulmonary trunk and aorta

systole

Semilunar valves are forced open as pressure in the heart rises

systole

The term that means heart contraction is ________.

systole

Ventricular contractiontarget 2 of 6

systole

What term refers to the contraction of the heart?

systole

Through which valve will blood flow when leaving the right atrium?

tricuspid valve

Which of these layers is found in capillary walls?

tunica intima

What will slow the heart rate?

vagus nerve stimulation

Superior and inferior vena cava are classified as these types of vessels

veins

These vessels have thinner walls and transport oxygen-poor blood

veins

During mid-to-late diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ________.

ventricles

A person with a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has a cardiac output of ________.

4500mL/minute

The average heart beats about ________ times per minute.

75

The sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by ________.

Label A

The Purkinje fibers are indicated by ________.

Label E

What information can be determined from an ECG?

P Wave, QRS Complex, T wave

The electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node is the ________ wave.

P wave

Wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) that follows the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node

P wave

Wave visible on the electrocardiogram (ECG) representing atrial depolarization

P wave

Wave seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) representing ventricular depolarization

QRS wave

Wave visible on the electrocardiogram (ECG) representing ventricular repolarization

T wave

Where is the AV node?

The AV node is at the junction between the atria and ventricles.

What is the cardiac cycle?

The cardiac cycle includes all the events that occur in one heartbeat.

P wave

The first wave on an ECG that follows the firing of the SA node. This wave is small and signals the depolarization of the atria immediately before they contract.

QRS Complex

The large wave that results from the depolarization of the ventricles and precedes the contraction of the ventricles.

T wave

The third wave that results from currents flowing during the repolarization of the ventricles.

What are the bundle branches and where can you find them?

These are found within the ventricular septum and receive impulses from the AV bundle.