A+P Chapter 11 Cardiovascular System
The length of the cardiac cycle is normally ________ second(s) in length.
0.8
What is an ECG/EKG?
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electric currents initiated in the heart by an electrocardiograph.
What part of the heart's intrinsic conduction system carries impulses into the interventricular septum?
Atrioventricular (AV) bundle
What does the secretion of epinephrine do?
Epinephrine mimics the effects of the sympathetic system.
Where do external carotid arteries send blood to?
External carotid arteries send blood to the face and skull.
What is hypotension?
Hypotension is low blood pressure. Most typically it is not pathological and is more commonly a sign of good health.
What information can a clinician obtain from an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
abnormality in electrical activity of the heart
Which of the following is a warning sign of an impending myocardial infarction?
angina pectoris
Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.
aorta
Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting?
aortic semilunar valve
he pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip.
apex
The aorta is classified as one of these vessels
arteries
These vessels carry blood away from the heart
arteries
The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ___while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.
atria; ventricles
The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves.
atrioventricular (AV) valves
The valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the ________ valves.
atrioventricular (AV) valves
Where does the sinoatrial node send an impulse after it initiates the electrical signal?
atrioventricular node
Which of the following occurs when the pressure in the ventricles rises higher than the pressure in the atria?
atrioventricular valves close
Pulmonary arteries transport ________
blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
Nutrient and gas exchange occur in these vessels
capillaries
Venules drain these tiny beds of vessels
capillaries
A sudden drop in blood pressure (BP) will do what to the heart rate
cause an increase in heart rate
The tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles are called the ________.
chordae tendineae
What anchors the flaps of the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles?
chordae tendineae
The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________.
closure of heart valves
What blood vessel do you palpate when checking the pulse in your neck?
common carotid artery
Oxygented blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________.
coronary arteries
Which of the following supply the myocardium with oxygen-rich blood?
coronary arteries
The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________.
coronary sinus
Pressure in the ventricles is low
diastole
Ventricular relaxation
diastole
The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________.
epicardium
The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the ________.
epicardium
Which of the following increases heart rate?
epinephrine
Which of these events is NOT associated with ventricular systole? pressure in ventricles rises heart is relaxed semilunar valves open atrioventricular valves close blood rushes out of the ventricles
heart is relaxed
The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________.
heart rate to decrease
Jordan is told that while his atria are beating normally, his ventricles are beating slower than normal. His doctor suspects a heart block. Damage to what part of Jordan's heart is causing this problem?
his atrioventricular AV node
Pericarditis is most closely related to which of the following cardiac conditions?
inadequate amounts of serous fluid
What will vasoconstriction of arteries do to BP?
increase it
What structure divides the left atrium from the right atrium?
interatrial septum
Which arteries carry oxygen-rich blood into the cranial cavity?
internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries
The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ________.
interventricular septum
What will a decrease in peripheral resistance do to BP?
it will decrease it
The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________.
label b
The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________.
label c
The bundle branches are indicated by ________.
label d
The four pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to this chamber
left atrium
Heart chamber with the thickest wall
left ventricle
Inferior discharging chamber on the left side of the heart
left ventricle
Roof of this chamber contains the bicuspid valve
left ventricle
The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.
left ventricle
What chamber of the heart will blood enter after passing through the bicuspid valve?
left ventricle
When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the ________.
left ventricle to the left atrium
Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________.
lungs
The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________.
mediastinum
The bicuspid valve is also referred to as the ________ valve.
mitral
The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________.
myocardium
The sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ________.
pacemaker
What is the function of the heart valves?
prevent backflow of blood
The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation.
pulmonary circulation
The left atrium receives blood from the ________.
pulmonary veins
Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood?
pulmonary veins
Heart chamber that contains the sinoatrial node
right atrium
The coronary sinus empties blood from cardiac circulation into this chamber
right atrium
The fossa ovalis is visible in this chamber
right atrium
The sinoatrial node is located in the ________.
right atrium
The tricuspid valve is located between the ________.
right atrium and right ventricle
Heart chamber that pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk
right ventricle
Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?
sinoatrial (SA) node atrioventricular (AV) node atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) right and left bundle branches Purkinje fibers
You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________.
sinoatrial node (SA)
Which of these will decrease heart rate?
stimulation by vagus nerves
The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat is known as ________.
stroke volume
Atrioventricular (AV) valves shut as pressure in the heart rises
systole
Blood is ejected from the ventricles through the pulmonary trunk and aorta
systole
Semilunar valves are forced open as pressure in the heart rises
systole
The term that means heart contraction is ________.
systole
Ventricular contractiontarget 2 of 6
systole
What term refers to the contraction of the heart?
systole
Through which valve will blood flow when leaving the right atrium?
tricuspid valve
Which of these layers is found in capillary walls?
tunica intima
What will slow the heart rate?
vagus nerve stimulation
Superior and inferior vena cava are classified as these types of vessels
veins
These vessels have thinner walls and transport oxygen-poor blood
veins
During mid-to-late diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ________.
ventricles
A person with a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has a cardiac output of ________.
4500mL/minute
The average heart beats about ________ times per minute.
75
The sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by ________.
Label A
The Purkinje fibers are indicated by ________.
Label E
What information can be determined from an ECG?
P Wave, QRS Complex, T wave
The electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node is the ________ wave.
P wave
Wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) that follows the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node
P wave
Wave visible on the electrocardiogram (ECG) representing atrial depolarization
P wave
Wave seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) representing ventricular depolarization
QRS wave
Wave visible on the electrocardiogram (ECG) representing ventricular repolarization
T wave
Where is the AV node?
The AV node is at the junction between the atria and ventricles.
What is the cardiac cycle?
The cardiac cycle includes all the events that occur in one heartbeat.
P wave
The first wave on an ECG that follows the firing of the SA node. This wave is small and signals the depolarization of the atria immediately before they contract.
QRS Complex
The large wave that results from the depolarization of the ventricles and precedes the contraction of the ventricles.
T wave
The third wave that results from currents flowing during the repolarization of the ventricles.
What are the bundle branches and where can you find them?
These are found within the ventricular septum and receive impulses from the AV bundle.