Ap classroom cognition

Colleen received a score of 100 on an IQ test. The mean for the test is 100 and the standard deviation is 15. Assume the test had a normal distribution of scores. Colleen's score on the test was equal to or greater than the scores of what percent of people?

50

Which of the following graphs shows the most desirable test-retest correlation?

A

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the role of context effects in memory?

AMY studied for a vocabulary test in the same classroom and at the same time of day as the normal class, and she performed better on the test than students who studied in different classrooms under different conditions.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of retroactive interference?

CARL

Which of the following best illustrates Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve?

Erik studied Italian in college. After he graduated, he went backpacking in Europe, where he realized he had forgotten a lot of Italian. Years later, he went on another trip to Italy and was surprised to discover that he remembered about the same amount of Italian as during his first trip.

During a quiz, a student is asked, "Which is more common in the English language, the letter "k" as the first letter in a word or the letter "k" as the third letter in a word?" Which of the following would be the student's likely response if he relied on the availability heuristic to answer the question?

He would say that "k" is more likely as the first letter of words because those are the first words that come to his mind.

After Doug witnessed two cars involved in a car accident, a police officer asked Doug how fast the cars were going when the accident happened. According to research by Elizabeth Loftus, which of the following questions could the officer ask that would make Doug most susceptible to the misinformation effect?

How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?

According to Benjamin Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis, what is the relation between language and cognition?

Language shapes a culture's concepts and thought processes.

Ms. Reagan, who is a teacher, agrees more with Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence than Charles Spearman's theory of intelligence. Which of the following scenarios would she most agree with?

Ms. Reagan thinks that her students exhibit more than one type of intelligence. For example, she notices her student Noel plays well with others as well as alone.

Which of the following is true of analogies in supporting problem solving?

Relevant analogies usually help people solve problems, but people often do not spontaneously think of relevant analogies.

Charles Spearman's concept of g is most accurately defined as

a single, underlying intellectual capacity measured by intelligence tests

Hermann Ebbinghaus' research would most likely predict that

a student who only studies the night before a test will very rapidly forget most of the information studied after the test is over

When trying to solve a problem, Bret uses a logical, step-by-step formula called

algorithm

John suffered a head injury in an accident five years ago. He now has clear memories of events that occurred before the accident, but he has great difficulty remembering any of the experiences he has had since the accident. John's symptoms describe

anterograde amnesia

Jim has seen reports of a number of cases of Ebola on the news. He is more afraid of contracting Ebola than tuberculosis, even though the risk of infection of tuberculosis is greater than that of Ebola. Jim's fear would most likely be attributed to

availibility heuristic

Which of the following is an example of a prelinguistic event?

babbling

Five-year-old Tahani is entering a school where English is the only language spoken, but in her home, her family uses a combination of both English and her family's native language. When she starts school, she takes a test measuring her English language development. Her score is well below that of the other children in her class, most of whom live in homes where only one language is spoken. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Tahani's test scores?

because she speaks more than one language it may come later than from her monolingual peers

Which of the following psychometric properties is used to assess the extent to which the items on an intelligence test measure a person's intelligence?

construct validity

Brad hears a report on the evening news that diets low in carbohydrates are beneficial to one's health. Considering this advice, he begins such a diet. Later he hears another report condemning low-carbohydrate diets as harmful to one's health. Based upon research on belief perseverance, how would Brad respond to this new information?

continue his diet

Which of the following types of intelligence would be most important in answering trivia questions?

crystalized

Creativity is most closely associated with which of the following?

divergent thinking

first stage of memory process

encoding

The component of intelligence described by Raymond Cattell as involving the ability to understand logical relationships, reason abstractly, and learn quickly is related to which of the following?

fluid intelligence

The researcher finds that participants in group two are much more likely to recall having seen a broken headlight, even though there actually was no broken headlight in the video. The researcher is investigating the effects of which of the following on recall?

framing

On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He wants to fish but returns home because he does not have any line or hooks. Ed's failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of

functional fixedness

When confronted with the sequence "__N __" at the end of a word in a crossword puzzle, Tony inserts the letters "I" and "G" in the two blanks because that procedure has often led to the correct answer in previous puzzles. This example illustrates the use of

heuristic

Noam Chomsky's view of language proposes that

inherent language aquasition device

Which of the multiple intelligences posited by Howard Gardner is most closely related to the concept of emotional intelligence?

intraspersonal

a basic assumption underlying short term memory is

limited capacity

When studying for a vocabulary test, Catherine read one of her vocabulary words and its definition aloud several times. About twenty seconds later, she still remembered the word's meaning, but then she moved on to the next word in the list without engaging in any further strategies to enhance her memory. The next day, she tested herself on the same vocabulary word at the same time, in the same mood, and in the same location as when she had first studied the word, but she could not remember its definition. It is most likely that Catherine could not remember the word because she failed to engage which of the following memory functions?

long term memory

A word or part of a word that is in itself meaningful, but that cannot be broken into smaller meaningful units, is called a

morpheme

Which of the following occurs during long-term potentiation?

neural pathways

Alfred Binet's efforts to measure intelligence were directed at

predicting childrens performance in school

In the morning, Jorge watched a cartoon about a sarcastic rabbit. Later, in his psychology class, he viewed the image above and readily identified it as a rabbit instead of a duck. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

priming

Which of the following increases the chance that an individual will remember a telephone number that has been called several times within a short period?

rehearsal

A researcher interested in finding a simple way to estimate intelligence decides to evaluate skull circumference as a possible indicator of intelligence. He finds that the size of an adult's skull remains the same from one measurementto the next, but he finds that skull circumference is not a very good predictor of intelligence. In this example, skull circumference as a measure of intelligence is

reliable but not valid

Piper reads about someone described as adventurous and extroverted. She then judges that this person is more likely to be a lawyer who enjoys hiking than a lawyer who does not. The best explanation for Piper's error is that she is basing her judgment on

representative heuristic

A teacher has to learn 170 new student names every year and finds it difficult to remember the names of former students. The teacher's memory problem most likely results from

retroactive interferance

Which of the following is most likely to be used as evidence against the concept of g ?

savant syndrome

After visiting her professor's office, Rachel writes down everything she remembers seeing there. She correctly remembers many details, but she falsely remembers seeing books even though there were no books in the office. Additionally, she did not remember seeing a skull that was in the office. Which memory concept best explains why Rachel falsely encoded the books and failed to encode the skull?

schema

A student who obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is best characterized as having

scored higher than 75% of the test takers

Which of the following kinds of learning is indicated by the ability to recall a memorized list of unrelated words in reverse order?

serial

According to Noam Chomsky, understanding a sentence involves which of the following transformations between structures?

surface to deep

A prototype is best defined as

the hypothetical "most typical" instance of a category

The Flynn effect refers to the

the rise of IQ scores overtime

a test that is valid must

to be reliable