AP EURO Chapter 18 Test
Catherine the great of Russia came to power in 1762 through
A military coup
Before the scientific revolution, Europeans' view of the universe was based on the ideas of
Aristotle
The enlightenment reached its highest development in France for all the following reasons except that
French scientist and universities were the most preeminent in the Scientific Revolution.
____ believed that the essence of the enlightenment was the courage to use one's own understanding
Kant
Madame du Chatelet
Madame Chatelet (1706-1749) was an intellectually gifted woman from a high aristocracy with a passion for science. She became Voltaire's longtime companion, Madame du Chatelet studied physics and mathematics and published science articles and translations. She was the finest example of an elite French woman, Madame du Chatelet suffered because of her gender. She was excluded from the Royal Academy of Sciences. She later became uncertain of her ability to make important scientific discoveries
The primary purpose of Fontenelles's Conversations on the plurality of worlds (1686) was to
Make it simple for people to understand
___ put an end to Catherine the Great's intention to reform Russian serfdom.
Pugachev's Rebellion
The two men generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method were Francis Bacon and _____
Rene Descarte
_____ reduced all substances to matter and mind as well as proving his existence by stating "cogito ergo sum"
Rene Descartes
Which of the following subjects experienced a surge in popularity among the reading public in the eighteenth century?
Science
In his Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued for
Separation of Powers
____'s Candide satirized French society
Voltaire, satirizing society and organized religion in Europe.
A striking feature of the salons was that
brought different people from social groups together.
According to its editor, the fundamental goal of the Encyclopedia was to
change the general way of thinking
Immanuel Kant argued for
freedom of the press.
The enlightened policies of Frederick II of Prussia included all of the following except
freeing the Prussian serfs.
The most famous salon was that of
madame geoffrin
Copernicus's theory of the universe
postulated a sun-centered view of the universe
Membership at the salon was
restricted to the well-born, well-connected and exceptionally talented
Soft pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits are all characteristics of the style known as
rococo
Rousseau believed that
social contract; written by Rousseau, outlined that kind of political structure that Rousseau believed would overcome the evils of contemporary politics and society
Enlightenment thinkers developed the idea that race was similar to
species
In general, what was Voltaire's attitude towards government?
the Enlightened would be a monarch of reform
All of the following were causes of the scientific Revolution except
the active support of the papacy
Empiricism emphasized
the actual observation of phenomena
Between 1750 and 1789 the majority of French books were produced by publishing companies in
the netherlands and switzerland
The concept of the reading revolution refers to
the shift from reading out loud texts perceived as authoritative to reading many different texts rapidly, silently, ad individually.
Before 1500, science was primarily a branch of
theology
All of the following played a role in the erosion of FRench absolutism except the
theories of Charles Montesquieu.
The key feature of newton's system was the law of
universal gravitation
