AP EURO Chapter 18 Test

Catherine the great of Russia came to power in 1762 through

A military coup

Before the scientific revolution, Europeans' view of the universe was based on the ideas of

Aristotle

The enlightenment reached its highest development in France for all the following reasons except that

French scientist and universities were the most preeminent in the Scientific Revolution.

____ believed that the essence of the enlightenment was the courage to use one's own understanding

Kant

Madame du Chatelet

Madame Chatelet (1706-1749) was an intellectually gifted woman from a high aristocracy with a passion for science. She became Voltaire's longtime companion, Madame du Chatelet studied physics and mathematics and published science articles and translations. She was the finest example of an elite French woman, Madame du Chatelet suffered because of her gender. She was excluded from the Royal Academy of Sciences. She later became uncertain of her ability to make important scientific discoveries

The primary purpose of Fontenelles's Conversations on the plurality of worlds (1686) was to

Make it simple for people to understand

___ put an end to Catherine the Great's intention to reform Russian serfdom.

Pugachev's Rebellion

The two men generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method were Francis Bacon and _____

Rene Descarte

_____ reduced all substances to matter and mind as well as proving his existence by stating "cogito ergo sum"

Rene Descartes

Which of the following subjects experienced a surge in popularity among the reading public in the eighteenth century?

Science

In his Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued for

Separation of Powers

____'s Candide satirized French society

Voltaire, satirizing society and organized religion in Europe.

A striking feature of the salons was that

brought different people from social groups together.

According to its editor, the fundamental goal of the Encyclopedia was to

change the general way of thinking

Immanuel Kant argued for

freedom of the press.

The enlightened policies of Frederick II of Prussia included all of the following except

freeing the Prussian serfs.

The most famous salon was that of

madame geoffrin

Copernicus's theory of the universe

postulated a sun-centered view of the universe

Membership at the salon was

restricted to the well-born, well-connected and exceptionally talented

Soft pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits are all characteristics of the style known as

rococo

Rousseau believed that

social contract; written by Rousseau, outlined that kind of political structure that Rousseau believed would overcome the evils of contemporary politics and society

Enlightenment thinkers developed the idea that race was similar to

species

In general, what was Voltaire's attitude towards government?

the Enlightened would be a monarch of reform

All of the following were causes of the scientific Revolution except

the active support of the papacy

Empiricism emphasized

the actual observation of phenomena

Between 1750 and 1789 the majority of French books were produced by publishing companies in

the netherlands and switzerland

The concept of the reading revolution refers to

the shift from reading out loud texts perceived as authoritative to reading many different texts rapidly, silently, ad individually.

Before 1500, science was primarily a branch of

theology

All of the following played a role in the erosion of FRench absolutism except the

theories of Charles Montesquieu.

The key feature of newton's system was the law of

universal gravitation