AP Euro Chp.14 & 15 Part 1

Constitutionalism

A form of government in which power is limited by law and balanced between the authority and power of the government on the one hand and the rights and liberties of the subject or citizen on the other; could include constitutional monarchies or republics.

Republicanism

A form of government in which there is no monarch and power rests in the hands of the people as exercised through elected representatives. EX: England

Peace of Utrecht

A series of treaties, from 1713 to 1715, that ended the War of the Spanish Succession, ended French expansion in Europe, and marked the rise of the British Empire.

Fronde

A series of violent uprisings during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing royal control and oppressive taxation.

Mercantilism

A system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the state's power; it was based on the belief that a nation's wealth, specifically its supply of gold and silver, determined its international power.

Fronde

Cardinal Jules Mazarin's struggle to increase royal revenues to meet the cost of war led to the uprisings of 1648-53, known as the...

France has no central bank and no paper currency so when a depressed economy and a lack of public confidence made it increasingly difficult for the government to obtain new loans and they could not just print more money. France!s tax system was unfair ans out of date so fundamental reforms was the only way. These reforms would affect all the people in France's society which guaranteed this. With Louis XIV Being concerned with only himself, France was going to continue to experience these.

Despite the evolution of a strong, centralized, monarchical system of government, France experienced periods of civil unrest and war. Describe these periods. How can these discrete occurrences be explained? Is there an overarching reason why France continued to experience civil unrest?

Jean-Baptiste Colbert.

France's strong economy was created by the mercantilist policies of...

prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France

French foreign policy under Cardinal Richelieu focused primarily on the... (HRE)

He extended the use of intendants, commissioners for each of France's thirty-two districts.

How did Cardinal Richelieu increase the power of the centralized French state?

Malnutrition made people susceptible to deadly diseases, which reduced the population significantly.

How did famines affect the European population in the seventeenth century?

E&F: -Long term plan( colonies, living with the Indians) -used chartered companies endowed with monopolies over settlement and trade in an area/ these corporate bodies were given power over faraway colonies like exclusive rights to trade, wage war, and raise taxes, and administration justice S&P: -short term plan: resources and wealth (God, Gold, Glory,Greed) -royal governments finance exploration and direct ruling over colonies

How did the English and French differ from the Spanish and Portuguese?

Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united (nepotism)

How did the Peace of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne?

Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end.

How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history?

consolidation of serfdom (feudalism)

In Eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the...

Johann Sebastian Bach

In music, the baroque style reached its culmination in the work of...

Religious: -the government was mostly controlled by Catholics - HRE included Lutheran, Calvinist, and Catholic States Competing alliances in Germany: catholic league and Protestant union Political: -everyone was trying to limit the power of France - countries wanted more influence in Germany

In the Thirty Years' War, how did leaders struggle with political and religious motivations?

- Constitution Monarchy: King and Queen were regulated by Parliament -good graphic location: isolated, built up their naval power since it was the only way for a country to get to them and then built of their army -good location to trade with other countries -instead of pushing away the idea of Protestantism they embraced it and it ended up over powering Catholic rule -passed a bill of rights in1689

In the seventeenth century, England displayed little political stability, yet by the end of the century it had laid the foundations for constitutional monarchy. What were the political, social, economic, and religious factors that helped England flourish?

Armies were expensive to deploy, and rulers feared creating martyrs.

In the seventeenth century, why did rulers hesitate to crush rebellions?

newly ennobled or upper middle class (easy to manipulate).

Louis XIV selected councilors from the...

economic activity should be regulated by and for the state.

Mercantilist theory postulated that...

-control and enlarge the armed forces -control the administration of the legal system -control the collection and distribution of taxes (leads to the most problems) -create and efficient bureaucracy whose allegiance was to the monarchy, not to the social and economic interests within the country -create a set of institutions strong enough to withstand, if not destroy the private interests that had hindered royal power in the past

Name 5 Goals of Absolutist Rulers (power point)

Catholic/ Counter Reformation

The Baroque style flourished in the context of the...

the Pyrenees

The final collapse of Spain as a great military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi and the resulting Treaty of... (England)

the subordination of all institutions to the monarchy

The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was...

Peace of Westphalia

The name of a series of treaties that concluded the Thirty Years' War in 1648 and marked the end of large-scale religious violence in Europe.

Junkers

The nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia; they were reluctant allies of Frederick William in his consolidation of the Prussian state.

presented subject matter associated with classical antiquity.

Typically, French classicism

Growth in armed forces

What was the outcome of the heightened central control established by absolutist and constitutional governments?

-built to show France's wealth and power - gain power and influence of the nobles by letting them stay there -wants to show the world how powerful and strong France is

What was the political and social importance of Louis XIV's Palace at Versailles?

a vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit.

When speaking of "moral economy," historians are referring to...