AP Euro Final Study Guide

British Troops remained in Egypt until

1956

In 1881, _____________ was assassinated by a small group of terrorists

Alexander II

By the end of the American Revolutionary War, Britain was at war with

America

The spark that ignited the Balkan powder keg in 1914 was the assassination of

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Before the scientific revolution, European's view of the universe was based on the ideas of

Aristotle

Parts of northern Italy were given to _______ at the Congress of Vienna in 1815

Austria

Why did Klemens von Metternich, as Austrian foreign minister, have to oppose the spread of nationalism in Europe?

Austria was a multiethnic empire and the spread of nationalism among its different ethnic groups threatened to dissolve the empire

After the Thirty Years War, __________________ were legally permissible ceeds within the Holy Roman Empire.

Calvinism, Catholicism, and Lutheranism

To resolve the economic problems of Germany and international tensions in Europe, in 1924 the United States developed the

Dawes Plan

The two men generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method was Francis Bacon and

Descartes

_______________ reduced all substaces to matter and mind as well as providing his existence by stating "cogito ergo sum"

Descartes

In the 1880's, the ______ took control of Indiochina

French

The immediate cause of British entry into the First World War was

German invasion of neutral Belgium

By 1914 _______ was the most industrialized, socialized, and unionized continental country

Germany

In general, what was Voltaire's attitude towards government?

He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for

The major breakthrough in energy and power supplies that catalyzed the Industrial Revolution was

James Watt's steam engine developed and marketed between the 1760s and the 1780s

Ottoman weakness reflected the decline of the ___________, the sultan's slave army

Janissaries

The breakthrough development of germ theory was the work of

Louis Pasteur

The ________ attacked factories and smashed industrial machinery

Luddies

The most famous salon was that of

Madame Geoffrin

In the decades before 1848, _______ pushed for a centralized democratic Italian republic

Mazzini

____________________ visited prosisutes

Men from all classes

In the treaty of _______, China was forced to cede Hong Kong to the British

Nanking

After Austria, _______ was the most important German state

Prussia

Garibaldi was leader of

Red Shirts

In 1816, the Ottoman Empire was forced to grant ______ autonomy.

Serbia

________'s Candide satirized French society

Voltaire

The long-established customs union among the German states was known as the

Zemstvo

Catherine the great of Russia came to power in 1762 through

a military coup

All of the followings were consequences of the Franco-Prussian War except

a wave of social reform in Germany

Bismarck's constitution for the North German Confederation featured all of the following except

an elected president

The doctrine of laissez faire holds that there should be

as little government intervention in the economy as possible

The allied powers at the congress of Vienna were determined to

avoid the creation of hostility and resentment in France

Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established

by violent revolution

According to it's editor, the fundamental goal of the Encyclopedia was to

change the general way of thinking

Developments in _________ facilitated the production of synthetic dyes

chemistry

The population of St. Petersburg was

compelled by Peter to reside there

The cash crop that revitalized the slave economy of the southern United States in the nineteenth century was

cotton

The event that directly prompted the Great Reforms in Russia, including the emancipation of the serfs was the

defeat in the Crimean War of 1853-1856

John Maynard Keynes

denounced the Treaty of Versailles

Early Public health measures that may have helped reduce death rated in the eighteenth-century Europe included all of the following except

discovering an effective vaccine against the bubonic plague

Across Europe, ________ was the favorite leisure-time activity of the working class

drinking

The Declaration of the rights of Man and the citizen guaranteed all of the following except

economic equality

According to Marx, the driving force in history was the

economic relationship between classes

The discoveries of Michael Faraday in ________________ led to the development of a host of important inventions

electromagnetism

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

ended the war between Russia and Germany

The Hapsburg monarchy exploited ______ divisions to defeat the revolutionary coalition

ethnic

All of the followings facilitated the Industrial Revolution in eighteenth-century England except

extensive investment of foreign capital in Britain

Immanuel Kant argued for

freedom of the press

The German government's printing of money to pay unemployment benefits to workers striking in the Ruhr against the Franco-Belgian occupation of 1923 led to

hyperinflation

After the Franco-Prussian War, Prussia

imposed a harsh peace on France

The Habsburgs emerged from the Thirty Years War

impoverished and eshausted

The ______________ sought to capture the momentary overall feeling of light falling on a real-life scene

impressionists

Japan opened its shores to Western trade

in response to U.S. military pressure

The accomplishments of the National Assembly included all of the following except the

introduction of universal compulsory education

A striking feature of the salons was that

it brought different people from social groups together

Metternich believed that __________ was responsible for the warfare and bloodshed of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries

liberalism

The Reign of Terror ended when

members were executed

According to Olympia de Guages

men and women should be equal in the eyes of the law

When Germany refused to make its second reparations payment, France, and Belgium

occupied the Ruhr district

Conflict between China and Britain over the _____ trade lead to war in the early 1940's

opium

Above all, Louis Napoleon believed that government should represent the

people

The life-and-death political struggle between the Girondins and the Mountain resulted mainly from

personal jealousy and hatred

The primary purpose of Fontanelle's Conversations on the plurality of worlds (1686) was to

popularize the findings of the scientific revolution

British economist Thomas Malthus argued that

population always grew faster than the food supply

The Boxer Rebellion was a/an

rebellion of traditionalist Chinese patriots who wished to expel all westerners from China

The beliefs and aspirations of the romantics included all of the following except

rejection of nature

Membership at the salons was

restricted to the well-born, well connected and exceptionally talented public sphere

Giuseppe Garibaldi is best described as a-an

romantic nationalist

Which of the following subjects experienced a surge in popularity among the reading public in the eighteenth century?

science

The consolidation of ___________ in Eastern Europe was accompanied by the rise of estate agriculture.

serfdom

The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885

set up the terms for the division of most Africa among European colonial powers

The typical European immigrant was a/an

small farmer or rural craftsperson

The demands of Liberalism included all of the following except

social welfare reform

Enlightenment thinkers developed the idea that race was similar to

species

Copernicus's theory of the universe

sun-centered solar system

The Tennis Court Oath was

sworn by renegade delegates from the estate general, most of them from the third estate

The first modern factories arose in the

textile industry

The key demand of the Chartist movement was

that all men have the right to vote

Germany's initial offensive of WWI was stopped on the outskirts of Paris at the Battle of

the Marne

Between 1750 and 1789 the majority of French books were produced by publishing companies in

the Netherlands and Switzerland

All of the followings were causes of the scientific Revolution except

the active support of the papacy

Empiricism emphasized

the actual observation of phenomena

The Lateran Agreement indicated the Mussolini had the support of

the pope and the Catholic Church

In his Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argues for

the separation of government

The concept of the reading revolution refers to

the shift from reading out loud tests perceived as authoritative to reading different texts rapidly, silently, and individually

Rudyard Kipling's white man's burden refers to

the white race's supposed duty to civilize inferior, nonwhite races

The Reign of Terror was directed primarily at

those who opposed the revolutionary government

Austria-Hungary deliberately chose war in July 1914

to stem the tide of hostile nationalism within it's borders

The key feature of Newton's system was the law of

universal gravitation

Early French socialists believed in all of the following except

violent class welfare

At the Paris Peace Conference, French premier Georges Clemenceau

wanted to create a buffer state between Germany and France

Generally, the offensives on the western front

were depressingly similar slaughters of massed infantry units

At the Congress of Vienna, the victorious allies

were guided by the principle of the balance of power

Rousseau believed that

women should serve as mother and wife

The Battle of Peterloo refers to the

working-class demonstration that was broken by cavalry charges