AP Euro Final Study Guide
British Troops remained in Egypt until
1956
In 1881, _____________ was assassinated by a small group of terrorists
Alexander II
By the end of the American Revolutionary War, Britain was at war with
America
The spark that ignited the Balkan powder keg in 1914 was the assassination of
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Before the scientific revolution, European's view of the universe was based on the ideas of
Aristotle
Parts of northern Italy were given to _______ at the Congress of Vienna in 1815
Austria
Why did Klemens von Metternich, as Austrian foreign minister, have to oppose the spread of nationalism in Europe?
Austria was a multiethnic empire and the spread of nationalism among its different ethnic groups threatened to dissolve the empire
After the Thirty Years War, __________________ were legally permissible ceeds within the Holy Roman Empire.
Calvinism, Catholicism, and Lutheranism
To resolve the economic problems of Germany and international tensions in Europe, in 1924 the United States developed the
Dawes Plan
The two men generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method was Francis Bacon and
Descartes
_______________ reduced all substaces to matter and mind as well as providing his existence by stating "cogito ergo sum"
Descartes
In the 1880's, the ______ took control of Indiochina
French
The immediate cause of British entry into the First World War was
German invasion of neutral Belgium
By 1914 _______ was the most industrialized, socialized, and unionized continental country
Germany
In general, what was Voltaire's attitude towards government?
He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for
The major breakthrough in energy and power supplies that catalyzed the Industrial Revolution was
James Watt's steam engine developed and marketed between the 1760s and the 1780s
Ottoman weakness reflected the decline of the ___________, the sultan's slave army
Janissaries
The breakthrough development of germ theory was the work of
Louis Pasteur
The ________ attacked factories and smashed industrial machinery
Luddies
The most famous salon was that of
Madame Geoffrin
In the decades before 1848, _______ pushed for a centralized democratic Italian republic
Mazzini
____________________ visited prosisutes
Men from all classes
In the treaty of _______, China was forced to cede Hong Kong to the British
Nanking
After Austria, _______ was the most important German state
Prussia
Garibaldi was leader of
Red Shirts
In 1816, the Ottoman Empire was forced to grant ______ autonomy.
Serbia
________'s Candide satirized French society
Voltaire
The long-established customs union among the German states was known as the
Zemstvo
Catherine the great of Russia came to power in 1762 through
a military coup
All of the followings were consequences of the Franco-Prussian War except
a wave of social reform in Germany
Bismarck's constitution for the North German Confederation featured all of the following except
an elected president
The doctrine of laissez faire holds that there should be
as little government intervention in the economy as possible
The allied powers at the congress of Vienna were determined to
avoid the creation of hostility and resentment in France
Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established
by violent revolution
According to it's editor, the fundamental goal of the Encyclopedia was to
change the general way of thinking
Developments in _________ facilitated the production of synthetic dyes
chemistry
The population of St. Petersburg was
compelled by Peter to reside there
The cash crop that revitalized the slave economy of the southern United States in the nineteenth century was
cotton
The event that directly prompted the Great Reforms in Russia, including the emancipation of the serfs was the
defeat in the Crimean War of 1853-1856
John Maynard Keynes
denounced the Treaty of Versailles
Early Public health measures that may have helped reduce death rated in the eighteenth-century Europe included all of the following except
discovering an effective vaccine against the bubonic plague
Across Europe, ________ was the favorite leisure-time activity of the working class
drinking
The Declaration of the rights of Man and the citizen guaranteed all of the following except
economic equality
According to Marx, the driving force in history was the
economic relationship between classes
The discoveries of Michael Faraday in ________________ led to the development of a host of important inventions
electromagnetism
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
ended the war between Russia and Germany
The Hapsburg monarchy exploited ______ divisions to defeat the revolutionary coalition
ethnic
All of the followings facilitated the Industrial Revolution in eighteenth-century England except
extensive investment of foreign capital in Britain
Immanuel Kant argued for
freedom of the press
The German government's printing of money to pay unemployment benefits to workers striking in the Ruhr against the Franco-Belgian occupation of 1923 led to
hyperinflation
After the Franco-Prussian War, Prussia
imposed a harsh peace on France
The Habsburgs emerged from the Thirty Years War
impoverished and eshausted
The ______________ sought to capture the momentary overall feeling of light falling on a real-life scene
impressionists
Japan opened its shores to Western trade
in response to U.S. military pressure
The accomplishments of the National Assembly included all of the following except the
introduction of universal compulsory education
A striking feature of the salons was that
it brought different people from social groups together
Metternich believed that __________ was responsible for the warfare and bloodshed of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries
liberalism
The Reign of Terror ended when
members were executed
According to Olympia de Guages
men and women should be equal in the eyes of the law
When Germany refused to make its second reparations payment, France, and Belgium
occupied the Ruhr district
Conflict between China and Britain over the _____ trade lead to war in the early 1940's
opium
Above all, Louis Napoleon believed that government should represent the
people
The life-and-death political struggle between the Girondins and the Mountain resulted mainly from
personal jealousy and hatred
The primary purpose of Fontanelle's Conversations on the plurality of worlds (1686) was to
popularize the findings of the scientific revolution
British economist Thomas Malthus argued that
population always grew faster than the food supply
The Boxer Rebellion was a/an
rebellion of traditionalist Chinese patriots who wished to expel all westerners from China
The beliefs and aspirations of the romantics included all of the following except
rejection of nature
Membership at the salons was
restricted to the well-born, well connected and exceptionally talented public sphere
Giuseppe Garibaldi is best described as a-an
romantic nationalist
Which of the following subjects experienced a surge in popularity among the reading public in the eighteenth century?
science
The consolidation of ___________ in Eastern Europe was accompanied by the rise of estate agriculture.
serfdom
The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
set up the terms for the division of most Africa among European colonial powers
The typical European immigrant was a/an
small farmer or rural craftsperson
The demands of Liberalism included all of the following except
social welfare reform
Enlightenment thinkers developed the idea that race was similar to
species
Copernicus's theory of the universe
sun-centered solar system
The Tennis Court Oath was
sworn by renegade delegates from the estate general, most of them from the third estate
The first modern factories arose in the
textile industry
The key demand of the Chartist movement was
that all men have the right to vote
Germany's initial offensive of WWI was stopped on the outskirts of Paris at the Battle of
the Marne
Between 1750 and 1789 the majority of French books were produced by publishing companies in
the Netherlands and Switzerland
All of the followings were causes of the scientific Revolution except
the active support of the papacy
Empiricism emphasized
the actual observation of phenomena
The Lateran Agreement indicated the Mussolini had the support of
the pope and the Catholic Church
In his Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argues for
the separation of government
The concept of the reading revolution refers to
the shift from reading out loud tests perceived as authoritative to reading different texts rapidly, silently, and individually
Rudyard Kipling's white man's burden refers to
the white race's supposed duty to civilize inferior, nonwhite races
The Reign of Terror was directed primarily at
those who opposed the revolutionary government
Austria-Hungary deliberately chose war in July 1914
to stem the tide of hostile nationalism within it's borders
The key feature of Newton's system was the law of
universal gravitation
Early French socialists believed in all of the following except
violent class welfare
At the Paris Peace Conference, French premier Georges Clemenceau
wanted to create a buffer state between Germany and France
Generally, the offensives on the western front
were depressingly similar slaughters of massed infantry units
At the Congress of Vienna, the victorious allies
were guided by the principle of the balance of power
Rousseau believed that
women should serve as mother and wife
The Battle of Peterloo refers to the
working-class demonstration that was broken by cavalry charges