AP Euro Midterm

All of the following were common subjects of Italian Renaissance art EXCEPT:

European peasants

"Our sins gave their source in Adam, and because Adam ate the apple, we have inherited sin from him. But Christ has shattered death in order that we might be saved by His works and not by our works. Christ says: I am your justification." Which of the following best describes Luther's meaning?

Faith in Christ provides salvation, not good works

The main purpose of the women's march to Versailles in 1789 was to

Force Louis XVI to relocate to Paris, agree to greater political rights, and provide cheap bread for starving Parisians

in what city did John Calvin establish his reformed church?

Geneva

Which of the following was a key figure in early Portuguese efforts to establish an overseas empire?

Henry the Navigator

which of the following was an important consequence of the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689

Increased limits on the power and the role of the monarchy

which of the following groups were considered the most radical faction of the French revolution

Jacobin

"Kings are justly called gods for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power on Earth." Which of the following figures would most likely agree with this statement?

James I of England

Where did Colombus think he had landed in 1492

Japan

The most influential order developed during the period of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations was

Jesuits

"In conformity, therefore, to the clear doctrine of the Scripture, we assert, that by an eternal and immutable counsel, God has once for all determined, both whom he would admit to salvation, and whom he would condemn to destruction." This passage is most closely associated with the theological views of

John Calvin

Which of the following is not a figure associated with the French Revolution as a political thinker or revolutionary ?

Louis XIV

"They are ungrateful, changeable, simulators and dissimulators, runaways in danger, eager for gain; while you do well by them they are all yours; they offer you their blood, their property, their lives, their children when need is far off; but when it comes near you, they turn about" Which Renaissance piece of literature would most likely have this description of Renaissance citizens?

Machiavelli's Prince

which of the following classes of society were not one if the Estates in the Estates-General

Merchants

"If a prince wants to maintain his rule, he must learn how not to be virtuous, and to make use of this not according to his need." This quote best reflects the teachings and beliefs of

Niccolo Machiavelli

which of the following best describes the Third Estate in pre-revolutionary France?

Non-noble, non-clerical peasants and laborers in the Estates-General

Which of the following best describes the French Edict of Nantes

Political and religious liberties for French Huguenots

A major difference between Calvinism and Lutheranism relates to

Predestination

What was the primary result of the Council of Trent?

Reform within the Church and reaffirmation of Catholic doctrine

All of the following were major powers on the Italian peninsula except:

Salerno

What was the basis for Martin Luther's original criticisms of the Catholic Church?

Selling indulgencies

What was a major reason why Elizabeth I of England was considered a superior monarch than either of her siblings?

She was more moderate in her dealings with Protestants and Catholics

"Religion supplies the pretext and gold supplies the motive" This statement characterizes:

Spanish and Portuguese expansion into the New World

what was the name of the government established after the conclusion of the Reign of Terror

The Directory

All of the following are consequences if the Thirty Years' War except for

The Habsburg Dynasty gains power

Which of the following is the correct organization of events during the French Revolution

The formation of the National Assembly, the execution of Louis XVI, the Reign of Terror, the execution of Robespierre

Advocates of Christian Humanism believed which of the following?

The fusion of Christian and Classical values would provide the best lessons for virtuous conduct

Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes, author of the pamphlet what is the Third Estate makes which of the following arguments

The peasants of France, being forced to do most of the work and pay most of the taxes, were the true French "nation", the French nobility were a parasitic social class that abused the poor, all should be equal before the law in a nation regardless of social class

Which of the following is the best definition for the concept "virtu"

The quality of being able to shape the world according to one's own will

How was France finally able to extricate itself from its conflict between Huguenots and Catholics?

Through moderates, called politiques, of both religions

How did the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V view his role in European affairs

To maintain political and religious unity in Western Christendom

What was the primary benefit of the patronage system?

To use commissioned artists' art to improve one's own social status and power

Which of the following explorers landed in India after rounding the Cape of Good Hope in the late 1400s

Vasco de Gama

Which of the following most accurately describes England's government in the period 1688-1715

a constitutional monarchy controlled by an aristocratic oligarchy

Renaissance humanism would best be described as

a curriculum focused on the study of history and the classics

Which of the following was a major characteristic of the English monarchy in the eighteenth century

a widening gap between theoretical and actual powers

A distinguishing feature if the Old Regime in France prior to the revolution was

an inability to reform or change to meet the needs and challenges of the people and the nation as a whole

What is the ultimate fate of Robespierre

attempts suicide and is executed

Religious themes during the period (Renaissance) were most closely connected to

attempts to reform the shortcomings of the Catholic Church

How did other European states respond to Portuguese successes at exploration

by developing colonies and overseas commercial networks

How did the Treaty of Tordesillas influence the trajectory of European colonization in the late 1400s and 1500s

by dividing up the New World between Spain and Portugal

All of the following are examples of critiques of the clergy during the 1500s except for

clerical impurity

Martin Luther's reaction to the German Peasants' War showed his:

commitment to secular, kingly forms of power

The success of the Spanish in conquering the powerful Aztec civilization can be attributed to all of the following except

cultural similarities between the Spanish and Aztecs

the French Reign of Terror is most closely associated with

establishment of the Committee of Public Safety

which of the following best explains why Luther argued for the translation of religious texts into local language

he believed religious teachings should be accessible to as large an audience as possible

which of the following is true about Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden

he was a participant in the Thirty Years' War

all of the following would be part of the complex Columbian Exchange except for

indigenous religions

how did the American Revolution influence the French Revolution

it contributed to the fiscal crisis that precipitated the calling of the Estates-General

what was the primary economic consequence of Spanish acquisition if silver from their colonies

mass inflation

All of the following were key technological innovations in the 1400s that facilitated overseas exploration and expansion except for

oars

The french Fronde could best be described as

revolts against the increased centralization of royal power

Which of the following best describes the Dutch government in the seventeenth century?

rule by wealthy merchants

Which of the following was most central to Luther's religious philosophy

salvation through faith alone

which of the following would be considered the most important resource Europe acquired through expansion in the New World

sugar

During the Thirty Years' War, France pursued a policy of

supporting Protestant princes against Habsburgs

Which of the following best explains the economic and political decline of Spain as a great European power during the 1600s

the overextension of the empire's military and economic resources beyond its capabilities

the most important political and military result of the Thirty Years' War and the Peace of Westphalia was

the rise of France as a great power

Why would a European subject most likely sign on to explore the New World?

to escape the social limits and stagnation of Europe

Which of the following best explains Peter the Great's motivations for visiting other European countries

to modernize his empire

What role did Martin Luther believe most Christian women should adopt?

wife and mother

During the great witchcraft persecutions of the 1500s-1600s, which group were most often tried as witches?

women

Which of the following was not one of the three "orders" of people during the Renaissance period?

"Those who paint"

In what year was the Bastille stormed?

1789

Approximately what percent of France's total population were represented by the First and Second Estates

3%

what was the primary grievance of the Third Estate leading up to the French Revolution

A call for a more equal taxation system between different social classes

How did the development of the printing press transform the European continent?

By increasing the literacy rates of Europeans, By creating a common identity through new, transmissible values and ideas, by challenging existing systems of power through the printed word

How did Spanish missionaries affect indigenous societies in the New World during the 1500s

By successfully lobbying to eliminate the encomienda system, by preaching the Gospel and converting natives to Christianity, by facilitating the exchange of Spanish and native cultures