AP Euro Midterm
All of the following were common subjects of Italian Renaissance art EXCEPT:
European peasants
"Our sins gave their source in Adam, and because Adam ate the apple, we have inherited sin from him. But Christ has shattered death in order that we might be saved by His works and not by our works. Christ says: I am your justification." Which of the following best describes Luther's meaning?
Faith in Christ provides salvation, not good works
The main purpose of the women's march to Versailles in 1789 was to
Force Louis XVI to relocate to Paris, agree to greater political rights, and provide cheap bread for starving Parisians
in what city did John Calvin establish his reformed church?
Geneva
Which of the following was a key figure in early Portuguese efforts to establish an overseas empire?
Henry the Navigator
which of the following was an important consequence of the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689
Increased limits on the power and the role of the monarchy
which of the following groups were considered the most radical faction of the French revolution
Jacobin
"Kings are justly called gods for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power on Earth." Which of the following figures would most likely agree with this statement?
James I of England
Where did Colombus think he had landed in 1492
Japan
The most influential order developed during the period of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations was
Jesuits
"In conformity, therefore, to the clear doctrine of the Scripture, we assert, that by an eternal and immutable counsel, God has once for all determined, both whom he would admit to salvation, and whom he would condemn to destruction." This passage is most closely associated with the theological views of
John Calvin
Which of the following is not a figure associated with the French Revolution as a political thinker or revolutionary ?
Louis XIV
"They are ungrateful, changeable, simulators and dissimulators, runaways in danger, eager for gain; while you do well by them they are all yours; they offer you their blood, their property, their lives, their children when need is far off; but when it comes near you, they turn about" Which Renaissance piece of literature would most likely have this description of Renaissance citizens?
Machiavelli's Prince
which of the following classes of society were not one if the Estates in the Estates-General
Merchants
"If a prince wants to maintain his rule, he must learn how not to be virtuous, and to make use of this not according to his need." This quote best reflects the teachings and beliefs of
Niccolo Machiavelli
which of the following best describes the Third Estate in pre-revolutionary France?
Non-noble, non-clerical peasants and laborers in the Estates-General
Which of the following best describes the French Edict of Nantes
Political and religious liberties for French Huguenots
A major difference between Calvinism and Lutheranism relates to
Predestination
What was the primary result of the Council of Trent?
Reform within the Church and reaffirmation of Catholic doctrine
All of the following were major powers on the Italian peninsula except:
Salerno
What was the basis for Martin Luther's original criticisms of the Catholic Church?
Selling indulgencies
What was a major reason why Elizabeth I of England was considered a superior monarch than either of her siblings?
She was more moderate in her dealings with Protestants and Catholics
"Religion supplies the pretext and gold supplies the motive" This statement characterizes:
Spanish and Portuguese expansion into the New World
what was the name of the government established after the conclusion of the Reign of Terror
The Directory
All of the following are consequences if the Thirty Years' War except for
The Habsburg Dynasty gains power
Which of the following is the correct organization of events during the French Revolution
The formation of the National Assembly, the execution of Louis XVI, the Reign of Terror, the execution of Robespierre
Advocates of Christian Humanism believed which of the following?
The fusion of Christian and Classical values would provide the best lessons for virtuous conduct
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes, author of the pamphlet what is the Third Estate makes which of the following arguments
The peasants of France, being forced to do most of the work and pay most of the taxes, were the true French "nation", the French nobility were a parasitic social class that abused the poor, all should be equal before the law in a nation regardless of social class
Which of the following is the best definition for the concept "virtu"
The quality of being able to shape the world according to one's own will
How was France finally able to extricate itself from its conflict between Huguenots and Catholics?
Through moderates, called politiques, of both religions
How did the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V view his role in European affairs
To maintain political and religious unity in Western Christendom
What was the primary benefit of the patronage system?
To use commissioned artists' art to improve one's own social status and power
Which of the following explorers landed in India after rounding the Cape of Good Hope in the late 1400s
Vasco de Gama
Which of the following most accurately describes England's government in the period 1688-1715
a constitutional monarchy controlled by an aristocratic oligarchy
Renaissance humanism would best be described as
a curriculum focused on the study of history and the classics
Which of the following was a major characteristic of the English monarchy in the eighteenth century
a widening gap between theoretical and actual powers
A distinguishing feature if the Old Regime in France prior to the revolution was
an inability to reform or change to meet the needs and challenges of the people and the nation as a whole
What is the ultimate fate of Robespierre
attempts suicide and is executed
Religious themes during the period (Renaissance) were most closely connected to
attempts to reform the shortcomings of the Catholic Church
How did other European states respond to Portuguese successes at exploration
by developing colonies and overseas commercial networks
How did the Treaty of Tordesillas influence the trajectory of European colonization in the late 1400s and 1500s
by dividing up the New World between Spain and Portugal
All of the following are examples of critiques of the clergy during the 1500s except for
clerical impurity
Martin Luther's reaction to the German Peasants' War showed his:
commitment to secular, kingly forms of power
The success of the Spanish in conquering the powerful Aztec civilization can be attributed to all of the following except
cultural similarities between the Spanish and Aztecs
the French Reign of Terror is most closely associated with
establishment of the Committee of Public Safety
which of the following best explains why Luther argued for the translation of religious texts into local language
he believed religious teachings should be accessible to as large an audience as possible
which of the following is true about Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
he was a participant in the Thirty Years' War
all of the following would be part of the complex Columbian Exchange except for
indigenous religions
how did the American Revolution influence the French Revolution
it contributed to the fiscal crisis that precipitated the calling of the Estates-General
what was the primary economic consequence of Spanish acquisition if silver from their colonies
mass inflation
All of the following were key technological innovations in the 1400s that facilitated overseas exploration and expansion except for
oars
The french Fronde could best be described as
revolts against the increased centralization of royal power
Which of the following best describes the Dutch government in the seventeenth century?
rule by wealthy merchants
Which of the following was most central to Luther's religious philosophy
salvation through faith alone
which of the following would be considered the most important resource Europe acquired through expansion in the New World
sugar
During the Thirty Years' War, France pursued a policy of
supporting Protestant princes against Habsburgs
Which of the following best explains the economic and political decline of Spain as a great European power during the 1600s
the overextension of the empire's military and economic resources beyond its capabilities
the most important political and military result of the Thirty Years' War and the Peace of Westphalia was
the rise of France as a great power
Why would a European subject most likely sign on to explore the New World?
to escape the social limits and stagnation of Europe
Which of the following best explains Peter the Great's motivations for visiting other European countries
to modernize his empire
What role did Martin Luther believe most Christian women should adopt?
wife and mother
During the great witchcraft persecutions of the 1500s-1600s, which group were most often tried as witches?
women
Which of the following was not one of the three "orders" of people during the Renaissance period?
"Those who paint"
In what year was the Bastille stormed?
1789
Approximately what percent of France's total population were represented by the First and Second Estates
3%
what was the primary grievance of the Third Estate leading up to the French Revolution
A call for a more equal taxation system between different social classes
How did the development of the printing press transform the European continent?
By increasing the literacy rates of Europeans, By creating a common identity through new, transmissible values and ideas, by challenging existing systems of power through the printed word
How did Spanish missionaries affect indigenous societies in the New World during the 1500s
By successfully lobbying to eliminate the encomienda system, by preaching the Gospel and converting natives to Christianity, by facilitating the exchange of Spanish and native cultures