AP Euro quizzes and test review - Chapter 14: Age of Exploration

Which explorer led the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire?

Francisco Pizarro

Which body of water was the center of the Afro-Eurasian trade world?

Indian Ocean

Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire, is now known as what city in Mexico?

Mexico City

Which definition describes the Portuguese caravel?

A three-masted sailing ship

Which statement BEST describes Hernán Cortés's crucial advantage in his conquest of the Aztec Empire?

Cortés was able to exploit internal dissention within the Aztec Empire

Which factor was a major motivation for European exploration?

Desire for material profit

Which statement best characterizes the role of Europe in the system of world trade prior to the voyage of Columbus?

Europe was not the dominant player before Columbus, and the voyages derived from a desire to gain direct access to the goods of overseas trade.

What country was Columbus originally from?

Genoa

Which statement best describes the accomplishment of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

It divided the territories in present day South America, giving Spain control of everything west of an imaginary line and Portugal everything east of the line.

Which group was active in Japan and China in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, until authorities banned its teachings?

Jesuit missionaries

Which group resisted the Portuguese efforts to gain control over Indian Ocean trade?

Muslim-controlled port cities

In the fifteenth century, two rival Islamic empires dominated the Middle East: the Turkish Ottomans and the

Persian Safavids

The Treaty of Tordesillas was a territorial agreement between Spain and what other country?

Portugal

Which European nation, with the help of Genoese financiers, merchants, and navigators, initiated an exploration along the Atlantic coast of Africa in search of new sources of gold, silver, and copper?

Portugal

Portugal's participation in European expansion received critical support from

Prince Henry

How did the introduction of Ptolemy's Geography mislead European cartographers?

Ptolemy asserted that the world was much smaller than it actually is, indicating that Asia was not far removed from Europe to the west.

What European country defeated both the Aztecs and the Incas?

Spain

What country funded Columbus' expedition?

Spain

What type of plantations did the Portuguese primarily set up in Brazil beginning in the 1530s?

Sugar cane

In chronological order, which three successive commercial empires were established by Europeans in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries?

The Portuguese, the Spanish, and the Dutch

How did the Spanish respond to the trap set by the Inca king Atahualpa?

The Spanish ambushed and captured Atahualpa, holding him for ransom and then executing him.

How did Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe affect Spanish colonization?

The great distances of the Pacific convinced the Spanish to abandon efforts to trade in Asia and develop their American colonies instead.

How did the Spanish monarchy seek to maintain control over its colonies?

The monarchy established viceroys with broad administrative and financial authority who were responsible directly to the monarchy

How did the Turks' expansion of the Ottoman Empire and their conquest of the Byzantine Empire and its capital Constantinople in 1453 influence European exploration?

They forced Europeans to search for alternative trade routes to China, bypassing the overland routes now controlled by the Ottoman Empire.

How did the English and French seek a route to East Asia?

They sought a northwest passage across North America.

How did Portuguese merchants obtain most of their slaves in Africa?

They traded for slaves with local leaders.

T/F: In the 1400s, trade routes to the East were dominated by the Ottomans

True

T/F: In the first half of the 15th century, the French focused on fur and fish trade in Canada and Newfoundland

True

T/F: The territory of Brazil contained no urban empires, but was instead of a mix of nomadic and settled people divided into small tribes

True

True or False: Europeans brought over contagious diseases, such as smallpox, to the New World, which wiped out a large portion of the indigenous populations in Latin America.

True

At the time of his death, Columbus believed the islands he found were

off the coast of Asia

The New Laws put forward by King Charles I of Spain in 1542

set limits on the authority of encomienda holders

The following is an excerpt from Columbus's description of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (Evaluating Written Evidence): "Hispaniola is a wonder. The mountains and hills, the plains and meadowlands are both fertile and beautiful. They are most suitable for planting crops and for raising cattle of all kinds, and there are good sites for building towns and villages. The harbors are incredibly fine and there are many great rivers with broad channels and the majority contain gold." This description supports the contention that Columbus's patrons in Spain were particularly interested in

the economic potential of the lands Columbus explored.

In the seventeenth century, the Dutch East India Company

took over much of the East Indies from Portugal.

The Americas were so named because Amerigo Vespucci

was the first to recognize the magnitude of Columbus's discovery.