AP Exam 3 Chapters 23-25

Which of the following helps the core temperature to increase?

**All of these are methods for core temperature increase. Constriction of blood vessels of the skin. Shivering. Thyroid hormone induced increase in metabolic rate. Increase in cellular respiration.

Place the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation.

1 Capsular space of glomerulus 2 Proximal convoluted tubule 3 Nephron loop 4 Distal convoluted tubule 5 Collecting duct

Approximately what percent of the oxygen in the blood is transported by the hemoglobin of erythrocytes

98%

When the terminal phosphate is cut off of ATP what is formed?

Adenosine diphosphate

Which is correct regarding lymph nodes

All answer choices are correct

Which of the following is an example of chemical digestion?

An enzyme hydrolyzes bonds between glucose molecules.

Which of the following is NOT a form of phosphorylation?

Catabolic

Which of the following is the correct sequence of regions of the small intestine, from beginning to end?

Duodenum - jejunum - ileum

Which hormones are the main stimulating hormones in the postabsorptive state process of glycogenolysis?

Epinephrine and Glucagon

The spleen is essentially a giant lymph node because it is incapsulated, has trabeculae and filters lymph to remove antigens

False

Which of the following present in urine would indicate diabetes?

Ketones; Glucose

What is the correct sequence of organs for the formation and elimination of urine?

Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

Which reaction describes the oxidization of acetyl CoA to produce carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH + H+ and FADH2?

Krebs cycle

Which process describes the synthesis of triglycerides?

Lipogenesis

Which peritoneal fold supports the large intestine?

Mesocolon

Which of the following choices lists structures in the order in which urine flows through them?

Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis

Lipogenesis occurs when

More calories are consumed than required for ATP need

What is the correct order for the layers of the GI tract wall, from innermost (next to lumen) to outermost?

Mucosa - submucosa - muscularis - serosa

What organs are involved in swallowing and are just passageways that are not involved in mechanical nor chemical digestion?

Pharynx and esophagus

Where is the body's thermostat located?

Preoptic area of the hypothalamus

Which is not a function of the kidneys?

Regulation of lymphocyte production

Where are the renal pyramids (highlighted in blue) located within the kidney?

Renal medulla

Which of the following is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

Selenium

The contraction of skeletal muscles play an important role in the movement of blood in veins

True

Gastric mixing changes

a bolus into chyme

The primary function of the large intestine is the __________.

absorption of water and certain minerals and vitamins

Air remaining in the conducting portion of the respiratory system that does not reach the alveoli is known as

anatomic dead space

"Segmentation" within the small intestine refers to the

back-and-forth motion that mixes chyme with glandular secretions.

A deficiency of vitamin B1 may cause

beriberi; polyneuritis

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the

bladder

Which mineral is the most abundant mineral in the body?

calcium

Chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called

catabolism

Which of the following transports dietary lipids to adipose tissue?

chylomicrons

About 70% of the CO2 that diffuses into systemic capillaries

combines with water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions

Which hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis?

cortisol

The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from most other capillary networks in the body because they

drain into an arteriole instead of a venule.

An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the

efferent arteriole.

Which of these cells secrete hormones?

enteroendocrine cells

Fatty chyme entering the small intestine stimulates the secretion of cholecystokinin, which stimulates the pancreas to secrete ________.

enzymes

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing

epiglottis

The spleen is considered a primary lymphatic structure,

false.

Capillaries with pores that perforate the endothelial lining are called

fenestrated capillaries

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

Which hormone stimulates glycogenesis?

insulin

Finger-like projections within the mucosa of the small intestines that increase surface area for absorption and digestion are called

intestinal villi

Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because

it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air

The primary structure found within the medulla is the ________.

loop of Henle

The main functions of serous fluid is to,

lubricate and reduce friction between pleural membranes around the lungs

Which of these organs is NOT considered an accessory digestive structure?

mouth

Gastric juice secretion is increased by ________ action potentials and the hormone gastrin, which is produced by the _________.

parasympathetic; stomach

As it leaves the glomerulus, blood in the efferent glomerular arteriole will next enter ________.

peritubular capillaries

Juxtaglomerular cells synthesize and release the enzyme

renin.

In addition to the normal secretions by the stomach, infants produce ________ to help them digest milk proteins

rennin

The ______ is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum forceful expiration

residual volume

Secretin is a hormone that is secreted by the ________. That causes the pancreas to release bicarbonate.

small intestines

Macula densa cells monitor the concentration of

sodium chloride in the fluid within the distal convoluted tubule

In arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the

tunica media

The ________ transfer urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

ureters

The color of urine is due to the presence of ________.

urochrome

valves are found in some

veins

Podocytes are cells with foot-like processes called pedicels. Podocytes are found in the

visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.

B Lymphocytes are

white blood cells that are generated in red bone marrow