AP Exam 3 Chapters 23-25
Which of the following helps the core temperature to increase?
**All of these are methods for core temperature increase. Constriction of blood vessels of the skin. Shivering. Thyroid hormone induced increase in metabolic rate. Increase in cellular respiration.
Place the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation.
1 Capsular space of glomerulus 2 Proximal convoluted tubule 3 Nephron loop 4 Distal convoluted tubule 5 Collecting duct
Approximately what percent of the oxygen in the blood is transported by the hemoglobin of erythrocytes
98%
When the terminal phosphate is cut off of ATP what is formed?
Adenosine diphosphate
Which is correct regarding lymph nodes
All answer choices are correct
Which of the following is an example of chemical digestion?
An enzyme hydrolyzes bonds between glucose molecules.
Which of the following is NOT a form of phosphorylation?
Catabolic
Which of the following is the correct sequence of regions of the small intestine, from beginning to end?
Duodenum - jejunum - ileum
Which hormones are the main stimulating hormones in the postabsorptive state process of glycogenolysis?
Epinephrine and Glucagon
The spleen is essentially a giant lymph node because it is incapsulated, has trabeculae and filters lymph to remove antigens
False
Which of the following present in urine would indicate diabetes?
Ketones; Glucose
What is the correct sequence of organs for the formation and elimination of urine?
Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
Which reaction describes the oxidization of acetyl CoA to produce carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH + H+ and FADH2?
Krebs cycle
Which process describes the synthesis of triglycerides?
Lipogenesis
Which peritoneal fold supports the large intestine?
Mesocolon
Which of the following choices lists structures in the order in which urine flows through them?
Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis
Lipogenesis occurs when
More calories are consumed than required for ATP need
What is the correct order for the layers of the GI tract wall, from innermost (next to lumen) to outermost?
Mucosa - submucosa - muscularis - serosa
What organs are involved in swallowing and are just passageways that are not involved in mechanical nor chemical digestion?
Pharynx and esophagus
Where is the body's thermostat located?
Preoptic area of the hypothalamus
Which is not a function of the kidneys?
Regulation of lymphocyte production
Where are the renal pyramids (highlighted in blue) located within the kidney?
Renal medulla
Which of the following is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?
Selenium
The contraction of skeletal muscles play an important role in the movement of blood in veins
True
Gastric mixing changes
a bolus into chyme
The primary function of the large intestine is the __________.
absorption of water and certain minerals and vitamins
Air remaining in the conducting portion of the respiratory system that does not reach the alveoli is known as
anatomic dead space
"Segmentation" within the small intestine refers to the
back-and-forth motion that mixes chyme with glandular secretions.
A deficiency of vitamin B1 may cause
beriberi; polyneuritis
Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the
bladder
Which mineral is the most abundant mineral in the body?
calcium
Chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called
catabolism
Which of the following transports dietary lipids to adipose tissue?
chylomicrons
About 70% of the CO2 that diffuses into systemic capillaries
combines with water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions
Which hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis?
cortisol
The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from most other capillary networks in the body because they
drain into an arteriole instead of a venule.
An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the
efferent arteriole.
Which of these cells secrete hormones?
enteroendocrine cells
Fatty chyme entering the small intestine stimulates the secretion of cholecystokinin, which stimulates the pancreas to secrete ________.
enzymes
The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing
epiglottis
The spleen is considered a primary lymphatic structure,
false.
Capillaries with pores that perforate the endothelial lining are called
fenestrated capillaries
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is
greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
Which hormone stimulates glycogenesis?
insulin
Finger-like projections within the mucosa of the small intestines that increase surface area for absorption and digestion are called
intestinal villi
Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because
it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air
The primary structure found within the medulla is the ________.
loop of Henle
The main functions of serous fluid is to,
lubricate and reduce friction between pleural membranes around the lungs
Which of these organs is NOT considered an accessory digestive structure?
mouth
Gastric juice secretion is increased by ________ action potentials and the hormone gastrin, which is produced by the _________.
parasympathetic; stomach
As it leaves the glomerulus, blood in the efferent glomerular arteriole will next enter ________.
peritubular capillaries
Juxtaglomerular cells synthesize and release the enzyme
renin.
In addition to the normal secretions by the stomach, infants produce ________ to help them digest milk proteins
rennin
The ______ is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum forceful expiration
residual volume
Secretin is a hormone that is secreted by the ________. That causes the pancreas to release bicarbonate.
small intestines
Macula densa cells monitor the concentration of
sodium chloride in the fluid within the distal convoluted tubule
In arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the
tunica media
The ________ transfer urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
ureters
The color of urine is due to the presence of ________.
urochrome
valves are found in some
veins
Podocytes are cells with foot-like processes called pedicels. Podocytes are found in the
visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.
B Lymphocytes are
white blood cells that are generated in red bone marrow