AP Gov and Pol: Chapter 8

Associated Press (AP)

The Associated Press (AP) is an American multinational nonprofit news agency headquartered in New York City that operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association.

Big three Networks

The Big Three television networks are the three major traditional commercial broadcast television networks in the United States: ABC, CBS and NBC. Beginning in 1948 until the late 1980s, the Big Three networks dominated U.S. television.

Corporation for Public Broadcasting CPB

The Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) is an American non-profit corporation created by an act of the United States Congress and funded by the United States federal government to promote and help support public broadcasting.

Right of reply

The right of reply generally means theright to defend oneself against public criticism in the same venue where it was published. In some countries, such as Brazil, it is a legal or even constitutional right.

Scorekeeper

The role the press plays by keeping track of and helping make political reputations, note who is being mentioned as a presidential candidate, and help decide who is winning and losing in Washington politics.

Adversarial press

The suspicious attitude of the nationalpress toward public officials. attack journalism. The current era of media coverage that seizes upon any bit of information or rumor that might call into question the qualifications or character of a public official.

Sensationalism

(especially in journalism) the use of exciting or shocking stories or language at the expense of accuracy, in order to provoke public interest or excitement.

Equal time

(in broadcasting) a principle of allowing equal air time to opposing points of view, especially to political candidates for two or more parties.

Off the Record

not made as an official or attributable statement.

C-SPAN

C-SPAN (/ˈsiːspæn/), an acronym for Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network, is an American cable and satellite television network that was created in 1979 by the cable television industry as a public service.

GateKeeper

Gatekeeping is the process through which information is filtered for dissemination, whether for publication, broadcasting, the Internet, or some other mode of communication.

Horse race Journalism

Horse race journalism is politicaljournalism of elections that resembles coverage of horse races because of the focus on polling data, public perception instead of candidate policy, and almost exclusive reporting on candidate differences rather than similarities.

Investigative report

Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, such as serious crimes, political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing. An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report. ... Research into social and legal issues.

Muckrakers

Meaning "one who inquires into and publishes scandal and allegations of corruption among political and business leaders," popularized 1906 in speech by President Theodore Roosevelt, in reference to "man ... with a Muckrake in his hand" in Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" (1684) who seeks worldly gain by raking filth.

National public radio NPR

National Public Radio (usually shortened to NPR, stylized as npr) is an American privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization that serves as a nationalsyndicator to a network of 900 public radio stations in the United States.NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming.

New York Times versus United States 1971

New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713 (1971), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on the First Amendment

journalistic integrity

Professional integrity is the cornerstone of a journalist's credibility. The Radio Television Digital News Association, an organization exclusively centered on electronicjournalism, maintains a code of ethics centering on—public trust, truthfulness, fairness, integrity, independence and accountability.

Public broadcasting system PBS

Public service broadcasting refers to TV programmes that are broadcast for the public benefit rather than for purely commercial purposes. These programmes include local news coverage, arts programmes and religious broadcasts.

Federal Communications Commission FCC

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of the United States government, created by Congressional statute (see 47 U.S.C. § 151 and 47 U.S.C. § 154) to regulate interstate communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and U.S. ...

Pentagon Papers

The Pentagon Papers was the name given to a secret Department of Defense study of U.S. political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967, prepared at the request of Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara in 1967.

Telecommunications Act

The Telecommunications Act of 1996, enacted by the U.S. Congress on February 1, 1996, and signed into law by President Bill Clinton on February 8, 1996, provided major changes in laws affecting cable TV,

Free Press

a body of book publishers, news media, etc., not controlled or restricted by government censorship in political or ideological matters. Origin of free press Expand.

Fairness Doctrine

a former federal policy in the US requiring television and radio broadcasters to present contrasting viewpoints on controversial issues of public importance.

Shield laws

a law that protects witnesses from revealing certain information, especially in court. a law that protects journalists from having to reveal confidential sources. a law that protects rape victims from having to reveal details of their sexual history.

Wire service

a news agency that supplies syndicated news by wire to newspapers, radio, and television stations

Editorials

a newspaper article written by or on behalf of an editor that gives an opinion on a topical issue.

Watchdog

a person or group whose function is to monitor the practices of companies providing a particular service or utility.

Bully pulpit

a public office or position of authority that provides its occupant with an outstanding opportunity to speak out on any issue.

Libel

a published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation; a written defamation.

Expose

a report of the facts about something, especially a journalistic report that reveals something scandalous.

Talk radio

a type of radio broadcast in which the presenter talks about topical issues and encourages listeners to call in to air their opinions

press conferences

an interview given to journalists by a prominent person in order to make an announcement or answer questions.

Bureaus

an office or department for transacting particular business.

Yellow journalism

journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration.

Prior restraint

judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful. In US law, the First Amendment severely limits the ability of the government to do this.

Slander

the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.

Selective attention

the capacity for or process of reacting to certain stimuli selectively when several occur simultaneously.

Mainstream media

traditional forms of mass communication, such as newspapers, television, and radio (as opposed to the Internet), regarded collectively.

narrowcasting

transmit a television program, especially by cable, or otherwise disseminate information, to a comparatively small audience defined by special interest or geographical location.

On the record

used in reference to the making of an official or public statement.