AP GOV FINAL STUDY SET

In Federalist No. 51, James Madison writes under the pseudonym "Publius". This was a reaction to Anti-Federalist authors signing a number of their pamphlets as

"Brutus"

The concurring opinion in Baker v. Carr (1962) is most closely associated with which judicial principle?

"One Person, One Vote"

Which of the following correctly identifies a constitutional provision which increased power of state governments and one that restricted state government power?

-Enhanced state power: 10th amendment -Restricted state power: Article I, Section 10

Which of the following provides an accurate comparison of enumerated and implied powers of Congress as specified by the US Constitution?

-Enumerated: Congress institutes formal copyright law. -Implied: Congress establishes the National Park System.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of national and state government powers?

-Exclusive to national government: Create army -Power to both National and state governments: punish crimes

Many of the debates that began with the Federalists and Anti-Federalists still resonate in American Politics today. Which of the following represents an accurate comparison of modern issues that are correctly paired with the ideologies of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists?

-Federalist Support: Terrorist threats permit more leeway in federal surveillance of citizens. -Anti-Federalist Support: The government must follow due process as outlines in the Bill of Rights to surveil citizens.

Debates over the rights retained by the States was a major issue at the Constitutional Convention between Federalists and Anti-Federalists. Today those debates continue. Which of the following comparisons is correctly paired with the ideologies of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists?

-Federalists: State laws that legalize marijuana violate federal law. -Anti-Federalists: State laws that legalize marijuana are permitted under the doctrine of state's rights.

To ensure ratification of the Constitution there were many compromises between Federalists and Anti-Federalists that needed to be accomplished. Which set of comparisons most accurately reflect the final resolutions each group desired?

-Federalists: The Constitution is the "supreme law of the land". -Anti-Federalists: The 10th Amendment reserves powers to the states not prohibited by the Constitution.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the debate over representation resolved by the Great Compromise?

-Large States: The H.O.R. most closely resembles the plan proposed by states with large populations. -Small States: The US Senate most closely resembles the plan proposed by states with small populations

Which of the following correctly identifies a case which limited the power of the national government and a case which limited the power of state governments?

-Limited national power: US v. Lopez -Limited state power: Wisconsin v. Yoder

Which is an accurate statement regarding mandatory and discretionary spending by Congress?

-Mandatory: Expenditures include interest payments on national debt. -Discretionary: Expenditures are divided into two categories - defense and non-defense.

Which of the following correctly identifies characteristics of the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan?

-New Jersey Plan: Each state must have equal representation in the legislature -Virginia Plan: Legislative representation must be proportionately based upon on population

Which is an accurate comparison of participatory vs. elite democracies?

-Participatory: Government depends on the consent of the governed. -Government depends on a small number of powerful individuals.

Which is an accurate comparison of representative democracies?

-Pluralist: Interest groups actively compete in the political arena -Elite: Small number of powerful elites have the most inluence

Which of the following is an accurate comparison regarding membership in the US Senate and House of Representatives?

-Senate: Members elected by voters of an entire state. -House of Representatives: Members elected by voters of a particular district based upon population.

Which is the most accurate comparison about the goals of small states and large states ameliorated by Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention?

-Small states: A government consisting of three branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. -Large states: A government that included a system of checks and balances.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the effects of the 3/5ths Compromise during the first fifty years of the Republic?

-Southern states: The 3/5ths Compromise gave southern states a decided advantage in electing the President. -Northern states: The 3/5ths Compromise allowed slaves to be counted for representation, but Northern states lobbied successfully for them to be counted for taxes as well.

Which of the comparisons about the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan are the most accurate?

-Virginia Plan: Proposed a bicameral Congress with the lower house elected by the people with representation based on population and an upper house appointed by the President. -New Jersey Plan: Proposed a one-house legislative body very similar to what existed under the Articles of Confederation.

One of the long-term effects of Federalist No. 10 was the passage of the...

12th amendment

Which of the following constitutional Provisions most directly establishes a balance of power between the national and state governments?

12th amendment

Which is the best comparison below constitutionally protected rights affirmed by the case of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)?

14th Amendment, 6th Amendment

"The statue of Louisiana, acts of 1890, c. 111, requiring railway companies carrying their coaches in that state, to provide equal, but separate, accommodations for the white and colored races,...and providing that no person shall be permitted to occupy seats in coaches other than the ones assigned to them, on account of the race they belong to;... and imposing fines or imprisionment upon passengers insisting on going into a coach or compartment other than the one set aside for the race to which her or she belongs;...are not in conflict with the provisions either of the Thirteenth Amendment or of the Fourteenth Amendment to the constitution of the US."- Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) If you represented the plaintiff in this case, which constitutional provision below do u believe would provide the best argument for your case?

14th amendment

Excerpt: The Declaration of Indep. ("We hold these truths to be self-evident..." etc.) Over time the government of the US struggled with fulfilling the promise that "all men are created equal, and are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights." Which amendment has done the most to fulfill the promise of equality embedded in the Decl. of Indep.?

14th amendment

which of the following amendments made the predendent in wisconsin v yoder appllicable to the states

14th amendment

the primary purpose of which of the following amendments was to limit the impact of a specific decision of the supreme court and thus act as a check on the judiciary

16th amendment

The primary purpose of which of the following amendments was to limit the impact of a specific decision of the Supreme Court and thus act as a check on the judiciary?

16th amendment.

"No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once"-Amendment 22 United States Constitution Which of the following Constitutional Amendments also limits a president's ability to remain in office?

17th

In which of the following situations would the state action violate the constitution?

A State passes a law imposing a fine for the failure to pay taxes for online purchases made in the last year.

A large amount of money given by the federal government to a state government with very specific restrictions and strict provisions on how that money is to be spent is called

A categorical grant

The sentiments of Federalist No. 10 reflect what shift in American political belief from the Revolutionary Era?

A federal government based on shared sovereignty between a central government and constituent states offers the best hope of stability

Which of the following statements provides an accurate rationale for publicly funded elections?

A greater range of candidates might consider running for office.

Which of the following best represents an example of the process of political socialization?

A high school student joins a Young Politicians club at her school and develops specific opinions on a number of political issues

Which of the following is specifically indicated by the data in the graph?

A higher percentage of Republican voters used social media to follow candidates in both 2010 and 2014 than Democratic voters.

Which of the following is most likely to cause a political party to change its positions on a specific issue?

A large group of the party's base supporters advocates for the change of position.

Which of the following statements accurately describes a legislator exhibiting the trustee model of representation?

A legislator casts his or her vote against the wishes of his or her constituency but to satisfy the national interest.

Which of the following statements accurately describes a legislator exhibiting the delegate model of representation?

A legislator sends his or her constituency a questionnaire about their views on important issues so as to guide his or her vote.

Which of the following is the definition of devolution?

A movement to transfer the responsibilities of governing from the federal government to state and local governments

Which of the following scenarios would most likely be considered a violation of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002?

A political party takes in millions of dollars from a few wealthy donors to create "party" rallies that really just focus on electing the candidate.

In which of the following situations would public opinion polls most likely affect the way a member of the House of Representatives from New York votes on legislation?

A public opinion poll in the member's New York district indicates that voters oppose the legislation

Which of the following is the definition of mandate?

A ruling requiring state compliance with federal regulations

"But quitting the dim light of historical research..." Alexander Hamilton- Federalist No. 70 Which of the following best summarizes Hamilton's argument?

A single chief executive is the most efficient and most sensible approach to governance.

Based on the descriptions, in which of the following states is voter turnout likely to increase most significantly during presidential election years?

A state that has chosen candidates of different parties in the last two presidential elections.

Which of the following is the definition of an unfunded mandate?

A statute or regulation that requires a state or local government to perform certain actions, with no money provided for fulfilling the requirements

The author of Federalist No. 51 could best be described as

A student of the Enlightenment

What is dual federalism?

A system of government in which the national and state governments remain supreme within their own spheres

Which of the following best describes dual federalism?

A system of government in which the national and state governments remain supreme within their own spheres

Which of the following best describes cooperative federalism?

A system of government in which the national and state governments work together to complete projects and implement programs

Which of the following is the definition of new federalism?

A system of government in which the national government restores more authority and power back to the states

Which of the following would be favored by members of Congress who believe that Keynesian economic policies are most effective in combating economic recession?

A tax bill that cuts personal federal income rates by 4%

Which of the following accurately describes voter participation in an open primary?

A voter arrives at the polls on election day, and she is asked whether she wishes to vote in the Republican primary or the Democratic primary.

24th Amendment

Abolishes poll taxes

Excerpt: Brutus No. 1 ("If the constitution..." etc.) Which statement best describes the sentiments of the author?

Adopting the Constitution could lead to an abuse of power by the national government.

Which of the following policy trends best represents a conservative approach to social issues within the United States?

After the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 a new collation with religious leaders and the Republican Party increased the impact of Christian values on the democratic process

Which of the following most accurately describes an impact of the Bill of Rights?

All levels of government are prevented from placing any restrictions on the speech rights of individuals

19th Amendment

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.

The belief in natural rights, as found in the Decl. of Indep., most directly impacted the development of which of the following?

American political culture

The belief in natural rights, as found in the Declaration of Independence, most directly impacted the development of which of the following?

American political culture

Which of the following is a trend in individual media habits that can be explained by the data above?

Americans tend to choose news sources that present views that are consistent with their own.

Which of the following correctly describes a method by which another political institution can limit the policy-making authority of Congress?

An executive agency can use discretionary authority granted by Congress to determine how to implement legislation.

Alexander Hamilton, the author of Federalist No. 78, most strongly supports which of the following statements about a national judiciary?

An independent, national judiciary is the best safeguard of the integrity of the Constitution.

Which of the following describes an interest group acting within an iron triangle?

An interest group provides educational materials to citizens related to environmental issues

Which of the following requires states to adopt new policies, expectations, and regulations without the financial support from the government to do so?

An unfunded mandate

Excerpt: Brutus No. 1 ("If the constitution..." etc.) Which faction would most closely identify with the point of view of the excerpt?

Anti-Federalists

Excerpt: Federalist No. 51 ("In Republican government..." etc.) Which of the following constitutional provisions limits the power of congress as outlined in the excerpt above?

Any bill passed by one house of Congress must be passed in The Identical state by the other house of Congress.

Which of the following actions of the President make be taken to limit the regulatory power of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)?

Appoint a new head of the EPA that shares similar beliefs on regulations

Which of the following actions of the President may be taken to limit the regulatory power of the Environmental Protection Agency?

Appoint a new head of the EPA that shares similar beliefs on regulations.

Which part of the Constitution directly addresses many of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation the best?

Article 1, Sec 8: The enumerated powers of Congress

Which of the following best describes the reason that there was so much controversy over potential anti-government speech during World War 1?

As socialism was on the rise in the US, the govt. became increasingly worried that anti-war sentiment would compromise the war effort.

In recent years there have been several single-issue groups formed as a result of current events such as "Black Lives Matter" and the "#MeToo" movement. Which of the following had the greatest impact on the growth of both groups above?

Average Americans growing tired of injustice and social media and the right to assemble to voice their call for change.

In recent years there have been several single-issue groups formed as a result of current events such as "Black Lives Matter" and the "Me Too" movement. Which of the following had the greatest impact on both of the groups listed above?

Average Americans growing tired of injustice and using social media and the right to assemble to voice their calls for change

Shaw v. Reno (1993) has the most in common with which of the following Supreme Court cases?

Baker v. Carr

Imagine the following congressional makeup before a Midterm Election: And then this congressional makeup after the Midterm Election: If the sitting president is a Republican, which of the following is the most accurate explanation of the results above?

Before the mid-term the president had a greater chance of fulfilling his/her policy agenda than after the election.

Why would a member of the U.S. House of Representatives who is seeking re-election choose not to support block grants?

Block grants give Congress less control over how the money is used, and members of the House cannot take credit for grants to their particular districts

Excerpt: Amendment IV of the US Constitution Which of the following Landmark Supreme Court decisions represents the protection of the right to "equal protection under the law" represented in the amendment above?

Brown v. Board of Education

Business groups are generally represented by organisations such as the U.S. Chamber of Commerce while consumers are represented by groups such as Public Citizen. Both types of interest groups advocate for the interests of their members, but business groups are often more successful in achieving their goals despite representing a smaller number of people. Which of the following is a possible explanation for this?

Business groups generally have greater funding than consumer groups which provides them with more influence over government officials

Business groups are generally represented by organizations such as the US Chamber of Commerce while consumers are represented by groups such as a Public Citizen. Both types of interest groups advocate for the interest of their members, but business groups are often more successful in achieving their goals despite representing a smaller number of people. Which of the following is a possible explanation for this?

Business groups generally have greater funding than consumer groups which provides them with more influence over government officials

Which of the following is a consequence of the passage of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002?

Campaign advertisements for candidates were now required to state who created the message.

Imagine the following scenario: The president is a Republican with an open seat on the Supreme Court to fill. The President has a voter approval rating of 40% The midterm election is 60 days away. Congress has the following party breakdown: If you were a political strategist employed by the president, what advice would you give the president to best enable his/her policy agenda to have the best chance of success after the election?

Campaign vigorously for Republicans in the Senate facing reelection to maintain your ability to seat a justice of your choice on the court.

Based on Federalist No. 51, which of the following can best be inferred about one of the three branches of the federal government?

Candidates for the judiciary branch may require special qualifications and appointment

Based on Federalist No. 51, which of the following can best be inferred about one of the three branches of federal government?

Candidates for the judiciary branch may require special qualifications and appointment.

Graph: "Under Trump, second-most cloture votes on nominees of any Congress" Which is an accurate conclusion based on a comparison of the trends in the graph and your knowledge of Senatorial cloture?

Changing the cloture requirement to a majority for appointments has dramatically increased the likelihood of cloture votes.

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on a comparison of the trends in the graph and your knowledge of Senatorial cloture?

Changing the cloture requirement to a majority for appointments has dramatically increased the likelihood of cloture votes.

A political scientist would most likely use Federalist No. 51 to illustrate which of the following?

Checks and balances between the branches of government

Which of the following best describes a role of family on the process of political socialization?

Children generally share party identification with their parents

Which of the following correctly identifies a case that involved First Amendment rights and a case that involved the rights of the accused?

Citizens United v. FEC (First Amendment Rights) and Gideon v Wainwright (Rights of the Accused)

A newspaper publishes a cartoon captioned:"News: Courts OK corporate Election Spending." The cartoon features a senator whose suit is covered in logos and an air quote that says "No...I am not a NASCAR driver. I'm a U.S. senator." Which cases most directly relate to this?

Citizens United v. Federal Communication Commission

Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to the data in the graph?

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

Which of the following accurately describes a facet of the policy-making process in the US H.O.R.?

Committee action in the H.O.R. is more influential than floor action in rendering a final decision on legislation.

The Articles of Confederation most directly reflect the principles of which of the following?

Common Sense by Thomas Paine

The Articles of Confederation most directly reflect the principles of which of the following?

Commone Sense by Thomas Paine

Quote: US Constitution, Article I, Section 2 Which of the following ideals, critical in a participatory democracy, can be ascertained from the provided excerpt?

Compromise

Brutus No. 1 most clearly reflects the principles of which of system of government?

Confederated

Brutus No. 1 most clearly reflects the principles of which system of government?

Confederated

Which of the following statements is an accurate description of Congress carrying out one of its enumerated powers as expressed in the U.S. Constitution?

Congress authorizes an increase of the federal gasoline tax.

Which is an accurate description of Congress utilizing the "Necessary and Proper Clause" found in the US Constitution?

Congress authorizes the Federal Reserve System in 1913.

The constitution provides multiple methods through which the branches of government can limit the power of other branches. Which of the following represents one of the methods by which the impact of a Supreme Court decision can be limited by another branch?

Congress can propose a constitutional amendment.

The Constitution provides Congress with the ability to check the powers of the president. Which of the following represents one of those checks?

Congress can refuse to appropriate funds for the President to carry out his policy objectives.

As the political institution that provides the bureaucracy with its authority and the necessary funding to carry out its responsibilities, congress maintains the power to oversee its activities. Which of the following represents an example of Congress exercising oversight?

Congress holds hearings in which the Federal Reserve Chairperson testifies about recent changes in monetary policy

In Federalist No. 51, its author James Madison, claims that the framers of the Constitution

Created separate branches of government designed to best protect the rights of the citizenry

The issue faced by third parties that is highlighted in the cartoon would be most affected by which on the following changes to the American political system?

Creating a proportional system of representation

You favor capitalism, new legislation on gun control, Medicare for All, and world-wide action to stop climate change. You are most likely a...

Democrat

Chart: "% of ___ who say each describes the country very/somewhat well..." Which of the following statements is reflected in the data in the chart?

Democrats and Republicans generally trust the political neutrality of military leaders.

In explaining the sentiments of the Framers of the Constitution, a political scientist would most likely use Federalist No. 10 to illustrate which of the following?

Direct democracy is incapable of providing stable, lasting government

In explaining the sentiments of the Framers of the Constitution, a political scientist would most likely use Federalist No. 10 to illustrate which of the following?

Direct democracy is incapable of providing stable, lasting government.

Minnesota Democrats in the state legislature want to secure as many congressional seats of the eight seats available to them so that Democrats can take control in the US House of Representatives. With control of the state legislature and governorship and redistricting up for discussion, which of the following strategies would secure them the most seats in Congress?

Districts in Minnesota can be redrawn to put as many Republicans together as possible to give the remaining districts to Democrats.

The state of Wisconsin has 10 electoral votes. In 2016, the Republican candidate, Donald Trump won 47.22% of the popular vote while the Democratic candidate, Hilary Clinton won 46.45% of the popular vote. The Libertarian candidate, Gary Johnson, won 3.58%, and the Green Party candidate, Jill Stein, won 1.04%. Based on this information and your knowledge of the electoral college, which of the following correctly describes how Wisconsin's electoral votes were distributed among the candidates?

Donald Trump received all 10 of the state's electoral votes.

Which of the following best describes Dr. MLK's point of view when writing Letter From Birmingham Jail?

Dr. King defends the motivations, tactics, and goals of the Birmingham campaign specifically and the Civil Rights Movement in general

Which of the following was a short-term effect of the Articles of Confederation?

Economic tension between the states

Which of the following was a short term effect of the Articles of Confederation?

Economic tension between the states.

Which of the following correctly describes the electoral college vote and popular vote in the United States presidential elections?

Electoral College Vote: Candidate must win a majority. Popular Vote: Candidate does not need a majority to win.

Which of the following was an intended short term effect of Federalist No. 51?

Encourage ratification of the new Constitution in New York and Virginia

Which of the following describes a positive outcome to the practice of logrolling?

Encouraging voters to monitor the voting behavior of their legislators.

The Supreme Court's statment that students are "possessed of fundamental rights which the State must respect" is most consistent with its decision in which of the following cases?

Engel v. Vitale

Which of the following powers is exercised exclusively by the national government, thus limiting the role of state governments?

Entering into treaties with foreign Nations

Which of the following is exercised exclusively by the national government, thus limiting the role of state government?

Entering into treaties with foreign nations

Which of the following statements provides an accurate comparison of enumerated and implied powers of Congress as specified by the U.S. Constitution?

Enumerated: Congress institutes formal copyright law. Implied: Congress establishes the national park system.

Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the political cartoon?

Ethics rules are not effectively enforced against banks by the Securities and Exchange Commission

Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the political cartoon?

Ethics rules are not effectively enforced against banks by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In Federalist No. 10, James Madison claims that

Factions in government naturally arise due to human nature

Based on the excerpt above, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

Factions naturally occur when citizens share a common cause.

Which of the following most clearly reflects the motives behind the creation of the Articles of Confederation?

Fears that a centralized government would too closely resemble the British monarch

Which of the following most clearly reflects the motives behind the creation of the Articles of Confederation?

Fears that a centralized government would too closely resemble the British monarch.

U.S. vs Lopez (1995) reflects what shift in American beliefs?

Federal encroachments on state sovereignty need to be reined in

US v. Lopez (1995) reflects what shift in American beliefs?

Federal encroachments on state sovereignty need to be reined in

Differences in minus wages are a result from

Federalism

Excerpt: Brutus No. 1 ("If the constitution..." etc.) Which document would be the best rebuttal to the concerns raised by Brutus No. 1?

Federalist No. 51

Which of the following groups was founded on principles that were in direct opposition to the ideology of empowered states advocated in the Articles of Confederation?

Federalists

Interest groups are often accused of encouraging judicial activism. Which of the following interest group activities is most closely linked to the promotion of judicial activism?

Filing an amicus curiae brief

Which of the following is the MOST effective strategy for the Executive Branch to use to end an investigation by another federal department?

Fire the head of that department.

Unfunded mandates are an example of which of the following?

Fiscal federalism

In which of the following ways can interest groups most effectively exercise influence over the federal courts?

Form a PAC that donates campaign funds to help elect particular Senate candidates.

Which of the following statesmen offered views in direct opposition to those advocated in Federalist No. 10?

George Clinton

The attitude towards Congress' power under the Commerce Clause reflected in the US v. Lopez deviates most from...

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Which of the following statements is true based on the unalienable rights found in the Declaration of Independence?

God and the forces of nature are greater than any government

Which is true based on the concept of unalienable rights found in the Declaration of Indep.?

God and the forces of nature are greater than any government.

Which of the following best describes an advantage of incumbents when running for election?

Government officials are generally fairly well-known to their constituents.

Meeting with leaders from every country, the President signed off on a treaty created to reduce carbon emissions throughout each country of the planet. The regulations created after this treaty would go on to restrict heavily the businesses of the United States on how much they are able to emit from factories, cars, and industry. The President, upon returning home, is faced with conservative backlash that hopes to stop the President by having what happen?

Having the Senate reject the ratification of the treaty.

Meeting with leaders from every country, the President signed off on a treaty created to reduce carbon emissions throughout each country of the planet. The regulations created after this treaty would go on to restrict heavily the businesses of the United States on how much they are able to emit from factories, cars, and industry. The President, upon returning home, is faced with conservative backlash that hopes to stop the President by having what happen?

Having the senate reject the ratification of the treaty.

In 1985, Pres. Reagan signed into law the Graham-Rudman-Hollings Act that created a framework to systematically reduce the federal debt. Which explains why it received bi-partisan support?

High federal budget deficits were believed to be unsustainable and a danger to the nation.

In 1985, President Ronald Reagan signed into law the Graham-Rudman-Hollings Act that created a framework to systematically reduce the federal debt. Which of the following statements explains why it received bi-partisan support?

High federal budget deficits were believed to be unsustainable and a danger to the nation.

In 1985, President Ronald Reagan signed into law the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act that created a framework to systematically reduce the federal debt. Which of the following statements best explains why it received bi-partisan support?

High federal budget deficits were believed to be unsustainable and a danger to the nation.

Which of the following scenarios could result in changes to the US Constitution without the support of Congress?

If at least two-thirds of the states call for a convention to propose an amendment to the Constitution, anything in the Constitution could be changed if the proposed amendment is ratified by at least three-fourths of the state legislatures or special ratification conventions held at the state level.

In Schenck v. U.S., the Supreme Court used which of the following to support its argument?

If wartime speech creates the possibility of clear and present danger, the speech will be protected by the First Amendment

Which of the following is true about the impeachment process in the US?

Impeachment can occur at the federal and state level.

Which of the following would be the direct result for a justice if he or she were to break the "good behavior" requirement of Article III of the Constitution?

Impeachment.

Free to Choose: "A society that puts equality...ahead of freedom will end up with neither equality nor freedom...On the other hand, a society that puts freedom first will, as a happy by-product, end up with both greater freedom and greater equality."- Freidman, Milton Which of the following government policies would the author least likely support?

Implementation of military conscription

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies individuals utilizing interest groups to influence public policy?

In a lawsuit against using cellphones to track people suspected of criminal activity, the ACLU published an amicus curiae brief supporting the lawsuit.

Which of the following describes how proportional systems of representation for legislature are generally more beneficial to third parties than winner-take-all systems?

In a proportional system, all parties that meet a minimum threshold gain representation

Which of the following best describes James Madison's point of view when writing Federalist No. 51?

In order to avoid tyranny, separate but contesting branches of government with overlapping responsibilities need to be constructed within a compound, republican framework

"But quitting the dim light of historical research..." Alexander Hamilton- Federalist No. 70 Based on the excerpt above, which statement below would the author most likely agree with?

Including a constitutional provision to include a council that had to approve presidential actions would be a mistake.

Which of the following is a consequence of partisan gerrymandering?

Incumbents for the House of Representatives are more likely to have very safe seats without much competition from challengers.

Which of the following best describes the message of the political cartoon?

Insurance companies helped to pay for healthcare reform

Which of the following best describes a way that interest groups serve as linkage institutions in the political process?

Interest groups educate the public about political policy by providing expert information.

Which of the following tactics used by interest groups to influence public policy is illustrated by the political cartoon?

Interest groups influence public policy by making contributions to the campaigns of members of Congress

Which of the following correctly describes roles played by interest groups and political parties in the political process?

Interest groups: Educate electorate about political issues. Political Parties: Recruit candidates for political office

Which of the following best summarizes the debate reflected in Baker v. Carr (1962)?

Is the redistricting of state legislative districts a justiciable question?

In 2016, the major party presidential nominees held two-thirds of their official campaign events in just 6 states, and in many states, no official events were held. This illustrates which of the following impacts of the electoral college on presidential elections?

It can make elections less democratic by making competitive states disproportionately more important in the outcome of elections.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the information in the chart above?

It is not necessary to win the popular vote to win the presidency.

Which of the following describes a significant criticism of the electoral college system in the United States?

It limits democracy because the choice of president is not by direct election.

Which of the following is a potentially controversial impact of the media using exit polls to declare election winners before polls have closed?

It may decrease voter turnout for both

In 1980, NBC news declared the Republic candidate, Ronald Reagan, the winner of the presidential election over the Democrat Jimmy Carter 3 hours before the polls closed on the West Coast. Which of the following is a potentially controversial impact of the media using exit polls to declare election winners before polls have closed?

It may decrease voter turnout for both parties.

The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 did which of the following?

It required the Congressional Budget Office to analyze the impact of unfunded mandates on states and required a separate congressional vote on bills that impose unfunded mandates

How did the Articles of Confederation affect the power of the federal government to influence economic policy?

It severely limited its power because states were in control of both taxation and commerce

How did the Articles of Confederation affect the power of the federal government to influence economic policy?

It severely limited its power because states were in control of both taxation and commerce.

Which of the following best describes an alternative intent of the Declaration of Independence (aside from the desire to declare independence)?

It sought to persuade colonists to support the revolution

Which of the following best describes an alternative intent of the declaration of independence?

It sought to persuade the colonists support revolution.

Which of the following statesmen offered views in direct opposition to those found in Brutus No. 1?

John Jay

Which of the following Enlightenment ideas most influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke's theory of resisting "the aggressor" from the Second Treatise on Government

Which of the following Enlightenment ideas most influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke's theory of resisting "the aggressor" from the Second Treatise on Government.

Groups that advocate for which of the following would be most likely to oppose the expansion of judicial review implied by Marbury v. Madison?

Judicial Restraint.

The dissenting opinion in Baker v. Carr (1962) is most closely associate with which judicial interpretation?

Judicial Restraint.

Which of the following describes a way that political institutions can limit the influence of interest groups?

Legislation passed by Congress following a letter-writing campaign by an interest group is then vetoed by the president.

Which of the following describes a limit on the ability of interest groups to achieve their public policy goals?

Legislation promoted by interest groups can be challenged in federal courts and found to violate the Constitution.

Which of the following ideological perspectives are most consistent with the passage above? (James Madison Fed 10)

Liberty has side effects that might not always be pretty.

"By a faction, I understand a number of citizen, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and situated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community...There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: the one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests... it could never be more truly said than of the first remedy, that it was worse than the disease. Liberty is to faction what air is to fire, an aliment without which it instantly expires. But it could not be less folly to abolish liberty, which is essential to political if, because it nourishes faction, then it would be to wish the annihilation of air, which is essential to animal life, because it imparts to fire its destructive agency."- James Madison Federalist No.10 Which of the following idealogical perspectives are most consistent with the passage above?

Liberty has side effects that will not always be pretty

A political cartoonist pokes fun at a congressman speaking at a podium, saying: "Nobody tells me what to do or say!" while holding a microphone labeled "Lobby." Which of the following best describes the message of the political cartoon?

Lobbyists control the messages delivered by members of Congress.

The McCulloch v. Maryland decision was a good example of...

Loose constructism

The AARP is an example of which of the following?

Mass Association

which of the following supreme court decisions under the leadership of chief justice robert goes against the current ideplogical makeup of the court

Massachusetts v epa in which the court ruled that the environmental proection agency has the authority to regulate greenhouse gases which effectively backed the belief that these emissions are tied to global warming

Excerpt: Amendment X to the Constitution ("The powers not delegated..." etc.) The first major challenge to the powers "reserved to the states respectively" in the early days of the Republic occurred when a state tried to tax the newly-formed bank of the United States in which case below?

McCulloch v. Maryland

A newspaper publishes a cartoon captioned: "News: Courts OK Corporate Election Spending." The cartoon features a senator whose suit is covered in logos and an air-quote that says "No... I am not a NASCAR driver. I'm a U.S. senator." Which of the following best describes the message of the cartoon?

Members of Congress have become increasingly influenced by big business interests.

Cartoon: "The Speaker of the House" Which best described the message in the above political cartoon?

Members of the conservative Tea Party movement have been able to manipulate the Speaker to get more power and say in Congress.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of midterm elections and presidential/general elections?

Midterm Elections: Involve a lower voter turnout due to low-profile candidates. residential/General Elections: Have a higher voter turnout due to the presidential election

Which of the following best describes a major assumption made by James Madison in Federalist No. 10?

Minority factions will always be overwhelmed by the majority

Excerpt: Amendment XIV of the US Constitution ("No state shall make or enforce..." etc.) Which of the following Landmark Supreme Court decisions best represents the protection of the right to "Due Process" represented in the amendment above?

Miranda v. Arizona

When suspects are arrested by police, officers reade a list of rights that they are entitled to, and Gideon's right to an attorney is part of that list read to suspects. Which cases below was the impetus for the reminder to suspects that in addition to the right to an attorney, they also have a right to remain silent?

Miranda v. Arizona

"No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand jury,...nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself,.." Which of the following landmark Supreme Court Cases was most directly linked to the excerpt above?

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Gideon v. Wainwright has the most common with which of the following Supreme Court cases?

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Which of the following French Enlightenment thinkers inspired the writing of Federalist No. 51 and its support of separation of powers?

Montesquieu

Which of the following has most significantly contributed to the professionalism of the bureaucracy?

Most bureaucrats receive their position based on qualifications rather than political loyalty

The Fifteenth Amendment was ratified in 1870, stating that voting rights cannot be abridged based on race. Almost 100 years later, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 prohibited voting qualifications or practices which result in denying voting rights based on race. Which of the following best explains what led to passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

National legislation was needed to create consistency with legislation protecting voting rights that had already been passed by the states.

The concurring opinion in Baker v. Carr (1962) is most closely associated with which judicial principle?

One person, one vote

You have become disenchanted with both mainstream parties and have registered as an Independent voter. During the primary season the Republican party has a candidate you want to vote for. Which type of primary election below would allow you to cast a ballot?

Open Primary

Which chart best matches with the description of these types of primaries?

Open Primary: A primary election that does not require party affiliation to cast a ballot. Closed Primary: A primary election that is is open only to registered voters of that party.

Which of the following is a correct comparison of open and closed primaries?

Open Primary: Voters can choose to vote in either party's primary, regardless of party affiliation. Closed Primary: Only registered party members can vote in that party's primary.

Which of the following statements describes a limitation that PACs have in attempting to influence candidates and campaigns?

PACs are restricted to receiving campaign donations of a maximum of $5000 and can only transfer that money to campaigns, parties, or other PACs.

As political campaigns have become centered around the power and influence of the candidates themselves rather than political parties, which of the following is an increasingly important role of parties in political campaigns?

Parties mobilize voters to get to the polls on election day.

Which of the following describes a significant impact of national party conventions on presidential campaigns?

Party conventions receive a great deal of national media attention.

Congress believes a president's use of executive orders represents an excessive use of Presidential Power, yet from the president's perspective the executive orders allow quick action and effective implementation of the president's policy agenda. If Congress believes an executive order initiated by the president represents an excessive use of Power by the executive, which option below would be the most appropriate response?

Pass legislation to void the executive order.

Which of the following figures would be the strongest proponent of the system of government established by the Articles of Confederation?

Patrick Henry

Which of the following is best illustrated in the cartoon?

Policy-making within an iron triangle

Which of the following is best illustrated in the cartoon?

Policy-making within an iron triangle.

Source: Excerpt from the Declaration of Independence ("...all men are created equal..." etc.) Which of the following concepts was articulated by Thomas Jefferson and his collaborators in this excerpt from the Declaration of Independence?

Popular Sovereignty

Which of the following correctly describes the popular vote and the Electoral College vote in presidential elections?

Popular Vote: Direct vote of the electorate. Electoral College Vote: Vote of those appointed by state legislatures

Which of the following describes a reason why third parties rarely achieve electoral success in the United States?

Popular third party policies are often adopted by major parties.

Which of the following represents an exercise of the discretionary authority of the Department of Transportation?

Prohibiting passengers from bringing weapons in carry-on luggage on airplanes

Which of the following represents an exercise of the discretionary authority of the department of transportation?

Prohibiting passengers from bringing weapons in carry-on luggage on airplanes.

The Civil Rights Movement of the 60's led to the legislation such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that was designed to prevent several different types of discrimination. Which of the following is one of the provisions designed in the legislation?

Prohibition of segregation in public accommodations

Chart: "% of ___ who say each describes the country very/somewhat well..." Judging only from the data in this survey, which would likely be the most urgent action that a Republican respondent would like the federal government to take?

Promote federal libel laws to make it easier to sue media groups for defamation.

Shaw v. Reno (1993) reflects what shift in American political beliefs?

Redistricting based on racial considerations should come under close scrutiny.

Shaw v. Reno (1993) reflects what shift in American political beliefs?

Redistricting based on racial considerations should come under closer scrutiny.

Which of the following most clearly states the outcome of Shaw v. Reno (1993)?

Redistricting plans based on race must be held to a high standard of scrutiny under the 14th Amendment and ensure compliance with the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Which of the following most clearly states the outcome of Shaw v. Reno (1993)?

Redistricting plans based on race must be held to a high standard of scrutiny under the fourteenth amendment and ensure compliance with the voting rights act of 1965.

Which of the following best illustrates the discretionary authority of the department of education?

Reducing the income qualifications for educational grants to attend college.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of national and state government powers?

Row A create army(Exclusive to National Gov) Punish Crimes(Power of both national and state governments)

Which of the following is an accurate comparison that formal and informal powers of the presidency?

Row A Veto (Formal powers), Executive Order (Informal Powers)

Which of the following is an accurate comparison the formal and informal powers of the presidency?

Row A. (formal: veto, informal: executive order)

Which of the following most accurately identifies Democratic Party and Republican Party positions?

Row B Advocate for abortion rights(Democratic Position), Restrict access to abortions (Republican Party)

Which of the following comparisons of policy approaches between liberals and conservatives is most accurate?

Row B Increase funding for climate change research (Liberal) Decrease funding for climate change research (Conservative)

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of actions taken by the president that best represents the formal and informal powers of the presidency.

Row C. (Formal: The president orders SEAL team 6 to raid a known terrorist camp, Informal: the President informs congress within 48 hours of his order to SEAL team 6 to raid a known terrorist camp)

Which of the following correctly identifies a factor that is a significant influence on the development of individual political attitudes and one that is not?

Row D Major political events (important source of influence), Laws related to a voter registration (Laws related to voter registration)

Which of the following comparisons of protest movements are most similar to each other in their tactics and eventual outcomes?

Row D Marriage equality movement, African American Rights Movement

Which of the following correctly describes liberal, conservative and libertarian ideologies regarding appropriate roles of government in the marketplace?

Row D To create programs to solve social issues (Liberal), To allow social issues to be solved privately (Conservative), to allow social issues to be solved privately (libertarian)

A political scientist would most likely use Tinker v. Des Moines to illustrate which of the following?

SInce the 1950s the court has more regularly upheld First Amendment freedoms of students in public schools

Which of the following cases is most consistent with the Supreme Court's statement that "the very concept of ordered liberty precludes allowing every person to make his own standards on matters of conduct in which society as a whole has important interests"?

Schenck v. United States

What's a comparison between Schenck v. US and Tinker v. Des Moines?

Schenck: Limits Civil Liberties Tinker: Strengthens civil liberties

Which of the following statements about student speech rights in school is most consistent with Tinker v. Des Moines?

School admin can limit the speech rights of students if they can show that it would interfere with the ability to maintain order

Which of the following describes an example of policy development within an iron-triangle?

Scientists from the Sierra Club successfully petition the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to declare fruit bats an endangered species

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding floor debate in the Senate and House of Representatives?

Senate: Debate rules favor deliberation House of Representative: Debate rules favor speed of action

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding floor debate in the Senate and House of Representatives?

Senate: Debate rules favor deliberation House: Debate rules favor speed of action

Which is a consequence of the H.O.R. having 435 members and the Senate having 100 members?

Senators tend to have more influence over legislation and get more media attention individually because there are less of them.

Which of the following is consequence of the House of Representatives having 435 members and the Senate having 100 members?

Senators tend to have more influence over legislation and get more media attention individually because there are less of them.

Which of the following government principles was at the center of the court's reasoning in Engel v. Vitale?

Separation of Church and State

Excerpt: Brutus No. 1 ("If the constitution..." etc.) What mechanism was embedded in the Constitution to "prevent despotism, or, what is worse, a tyrannic aristocracy.." as the excerpt describes?

Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances

Which of the following government principals was at the center of the court's reasoning in Engel v. Vitale?

Separation of church and state

"To what expedient, then, shall we finally resort, for maintaining in practice the necessary partition of power among the several departments, as laid down in the constitution? The only answer that can be given is, that as all these exterior provisions are found to be inadequate, the defect must be supplied, by so contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other in their proper places. Without presuming to undertake a full development of this important idea, I will hazard a few general observations, which may perhaps place it in a clearer light, and enable us to form a more correct judgement of the principles and structure of the government planned by the convention."-James Madison, Fed papers 51

Seperation of powers

Baker v. Carr (1962) has the most in common with which of the following cases?

Shaw v. Reno

Which of the following events inspired James Madison to pen Federalist No. 10?

Shay's Rebellion

Excerpt: PROCEEDINGS OF COMMISSIONERS TO REMEDY DEFECTS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ANNAPOLIS IN THE STATE OF MARYLAND One of the "...defects in the system of the Federal Government" mentioned in the excerpt above was the inability of the government to suppress domestic insurrections. Which of the following rebellions represented the turning point that finally convinced the states that the government needed more power to rectify this situation?

Shays' Rebellion

Which of the following democratic ideals is most directly reflected in the Declaration of Independence?

Social contract

Which of the following represents a likely explanation for the data in the graph?

Some policy positions of third parties become incorporated into the platforms of major parties as elections get closer.

Which of the following factors could result in different voter turnout percentages in different states for the presidential election?

Some states allow same-day registration and some states require advanced registration.

26th Amendment

States cannot deny the right to vote based on age (18+)

Which of the following most clearly states the outcome of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

States must provide indigent criminal defendants with legal counsel regardless of the nature of the charge.

Which of the following contentious relationships did the Connecticut Compromise (or "Great Compromise") do the most to quell?

States with large populations versus states with small populations.

Which of the following most clearly states the outcome of Brown v. Board of Education II?

States with segregated public school systems should act on principals mandated in Brown I and move to full compliance "with all deliberate speed

Which of the following describes a situation where a school would be most justified in limiting the speech rights of students?

Students are engaging in political debate while they are supposed to be participating in a science lab

Which of the following describes a significant achievement of the Articles of Confederation?

Successful negotiation, and approval of, The Treaty of Paris

Which of the following describes a significant achievement of the Articles of Confederation?

Successful negotiation, and approval of, The Treaty of Paris.

Which of the following conclusions about political campaigns is best supported by the data in the graph?

Successful political campaigns will most likely maintain a social media presence.

"But quitting the dim light of historical research..." Alexander Hamilton- Federalist No. 70 Which of the following constitutional provisions would replace a division of executive power into a plurality of executives to check the power of a single chief executive?

The "advise and consent" power given to the U.S. Senate in Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution.

Which of the following describes an interest group serving as a linkage institution?

The American Farm Bureau Federation provides seminars to inform its members about new gov regulations regarding use of fertilisers

The principles put forth in the first two paragraphs of the Declaration of Independence served as inspiration for which of the following?

The Bill of Rights

Excerpt: Federalist No. 10 The above excerpt from Federalist No. 10 expresses a claim about models of representative democracies. Which of the following actions would most likely be a result of this claim?

The Congressional vote in favor of Alexander Hamilton's Financial Plan.

Which of the following most accurately describes the allocation powers to the national and state governments in the Constitution?

The Constitution specifies the powers that may be exercised by the national government and those that may be exercised by the state governments

Which of the following best describes an example of an iron triangle?

The Department of Agriculture meets with lobbyists from the American Farm Bureau Federation to discuss a request for funding to be submitted to he House Committee on Agriculture.

Which of the following best describes an example of an iron triangle?

The Department of Agriculture meets with lobbyists from the American Farm Bureau Federation to discuss a request for funding to be submitted to the House Committee on Agriculture.

The bureaucracy is often empowered by Congress to enforce specific legislation. Which of the following best represents the bureaucracy's use of enforcement powers?

The EPA imposes fines on an electric power company for its violation of air pollution standards

The broad grants of power to implement legislation given to the bureaucracy by Congress often include powers which are classified as quasi-legislative. Which of the following represents an example of the bureaucracy excising quasi-legislative power?

The EPA imposes regulations on businesses that are designed to limit air pollution

The broad grants of power to implement legislation given to the bureaucracy by Congress often include powers which are classified as quasi-legislative. Which of the following represents an example of the bureaucracy exercising quasi-legislative powers?

The EPA imposes regulations on businesses that are designed to limit air pollution.

The main argument of the concurring opinion in Baker v. Carr (1962) rested upon which of the following constitutional guarantees?

The Equal Protection Clause

The outcome of Shaw v. Reno (1993) rests most heavily on which of the following clauses manifested in the U.S. Constitution?

The Equal Protection Clause

The outcome of Shaw v. Reno (1993) rests most heavily on which of the following clauses manifested in the U.S Constitution?

The Equal Protection Clause.

Which of the following correctly identifies the law being quested in the case Schenck v. U.S

The Espionage Act of 1917

Where do constitutional protections for political parties reside within the U.S. Constitution?

The First Amendment

The outcome of Wisconsin v. Yoder rests most heavily on which of the following ideas reflected in the US constitution?

The Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment

Which of the following organizations would most likely advocate for the concurring opinion of Shaw v. Reno (1993)?

The Heritage Foundation

Excerpt: tweet from Donald Trump Article II, Section 2 of The Constitution defines the power of the presidential pardon and that the president, "shall have power to Grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment." If a president were to Pardon himself and Congress wanted to impeach him, which process would Congress follow?

The House of Representatives brings up the articles of impeachment and the Senate conducts the impeachment trial overseen by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Conviction requires a vote 2/3rds vote of the Senate to convict.

Which of the following is not one way that the legislative process is slowed down?

The House of Representatives' cloture procedure

Which of the following best describes the claim found in the Declaration of Independence that follows the list of the grievances?

The King of England had broken the social contract with the colonists

Citing an increasing cost of entitlement programs, Congress cuts spending on scientific research. In this scenario, discretionary spending of this type will continue to decrease unless which of the following occurs?

The Medicare budget is reduced.

Which of the following most closely aligns with the provision in the Articles of Confederation that "each state shall have one vote?"

The New Jersey Plan

Which of the following correctly describes the message of the political cartoon?

The Republican Party has benefitted from the addition of the Tea Party to its ranks.

A political scientist would most likely use Brown v. Board II to illustrate which of the following?

The SCOTUS underestimated the depth of southern resistance to desegregation

Building a coalition within which of the following committees would be most affected by the congressional election cycle?

The Select Joint Budget and Appropriations Reform Committee

Which of the following best describes a reason that a president might choose to make an executive agreement with a foreign nation rather than a treaty?

The Senate is evenly split between the president's party and the opposition party

Which of the following best describes a reason that a president might choose to make an executive agreement with a foreign nation rather than a treaty?

The Senate is evenly split between the president's party and the opposition party.

17th Amendment

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.

Which of the following most accurately describes a way that an issue network might participate in the policy-making process?

The Sierra Club and Natural Resource Defense Council combine with the other environmental groups to petition the Environmental Protection Agency to increase water quality standards.

Which of the following most accurately describes a way that an issue network might participate in the policy-making process?

The Sierra Club and Natural Resources Defense Council combine with other environmental groups to petition the Environmental Protection Agency to increase water quality standards.

Excerpt: The Declaration of Indep. ("We hold these truths to be self-evident..." etc.) Which best reflects the sentiments of the excerpt above?

The Social Contract

Which of the following constitutional guarantees allayed the fears held by Anti-Federalists that the adoption of the US Constitution would restrict the sovereignty of the states?

The Tenth Amendment reserved powers clause.

Which of the following events proved that the power of the federal government to secure domestic tranquility under the Constitution was greater than it had been under the Articles of Confederation?

The Whiskey Rebellion

"To enable the court to issue a mandamus to compel the delivery of the..." Marbury v. Madison (1803) The Courts' power of judicial review was established by the... As referenced in the excerpt from Marbury above, which provision of the Constitution did the Court find that the Judiciary Act of 1789 had violated?

The ability of congress to change the supreme court's original jurisdiction.

Which of the following enumerated powers was most relevant in the McCulloch vs. Maryland case?

The ability to control interstate commerce

Which was one of the effects of Brutus No. 1?

The addition of a Bill of Rights to the new Constitution.

Which of the following most accurately describes civil liberties?

The basic freedoms granted by the Constitution, either explicitly or through interpretation

Which of the following most accurately describes civil liberties?

The basic freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, either explicitly or through interpretation

Which of the following government actions is most likely to be consistent with the restrictions placed on the government by the Bill of Rights?

The board of education for a public school system approves a rule prohibiting students from wearing clothing with messages that have previously led to significant disruption.

Which of the following best describes the Supreme Court's rationale for striking down the school-sponsored prayer at issue in Engel?

The choice of prayers should be left to individuals and their religious advisors

The House committee on Appropriations has concerns about the extravagant spending taken by the Department of Defense on an expanse of new tanks. Which of the following is the best course of action for the committee to take in investigating this matter?

The committee can bring in the Secretary of Defense for a hearing to ask questions on the new tanks.

the president and the defense department have made it a major priority to increase the size of the feet to counter new threats in the Pacific. Which of the following strategies would best suit the Armed Services Committee in its oversight role of the military?

The committee should launch an independent, Government Accounting Office (GAO) investigation of the defense contractor.

Based on your knowledge of U.S. government and politics, as well as the maps above, which of the following does not help to explain the realignment of voters' party support in the Deep South between 1964 and 1968?

The consequences of the Supreme Court's decision in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

The concurring opinion of Gideon v. Wainwright is most closely associated with which political belief?

The constitutional guarantee of legal counsel found in the SIxth Amendment should not be diminished by a defendant's income level.

Which of the following most clearly states the outcome of Wisconsin v. Yoder?

The court ruled that requiring Amish families to abide by compulsory education laws requiring students to attend public school beyond 8th grade would violate their Free Exercise protections contained in the First Amendment.

Schenck v. US most likely resulted in a unanimous vote because:

The court worried that allowing speech encouraging Americans to resist the draft would compromise the war effort and threaten American safety

Based on Federalist No. 51 and your knowledge of the Vietnam War era which of the following best describes the impact of the War Powers Act (1973)?

The declaration was created to check the president's power to commit troops to a conflict not sanctioned by the Congress.

Based on Federalist No. 51 and your knowledge of the Vietnam War era, which of the following best describes the impact of the War Powers Act (1973)?

The declaration was created to check the president's power to commit troops to a conflict not sanctioned by the Congress.

Excerpt: PROCEEDINGS OF COMMISSIONERS TO REMEDY DEFECTS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ANNAPOLIS IN THE STATE OF MARYLAND Which of the following provisions in the US Constitution directly addresses the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation best expressed in the excerpt?

The delegated power to lay and collect taxes.

Gideon v. Wainwright impacted the American judicial system in which of the following ways?

The demand for well-trained public defenders has risen considerably

Which of the following describes a critical election as that term is used by political scientists?

The election represents a substantial shift in the partisan preferences of voters.

Which factor below most limits the potential success of third party candidates in U.S. Presidential elections?

The electoral college is a "winner take all" system where the majority of voters vote either Democrat or Republican.

Excerpt: The Declaration of Indep. ("We hold these truths to be self-evident..." etc.) Which of the following Constitutional provisions reflect the sentiments expressed above in the Decl. of Indep.?

The establishment of the H.O.R. under the original Constitution.

In Brutus No. 1, Robert Yates claims that

The existence of state governments will be imperiled by the taxing power of the national government

Sentiment towards the concept of liberty found in Brutus No. 1 most strongly supports which of the following statements?

The experience of the America Revolution underpins most Anti-Federalist fears.

"Whoever attentively considers the different departments of power must perceive..." Alexander Hamilton, Federalist Paper: No. 78 (1788) Which of the following is the concern of the Anti-Federalists regarding the Constitution that Hamilton is responding to with his argument in the excerpt above?

The extent of the powers of the unelected members of the judiciary.

The views expressed in Federalist No. 51 are best seen as evidence of which of the following statements concerning 18th century America?

The ideas brought forth by the Enlightenment had fully permeated American political life.

With which of the following statements would the author of the Supreme Court's opinion in Wisconsin v. Yoder be most likely to agree?

The importance of an individual's religious beliefs must be weighed against the interests of society

Excerpt: PROCEEDINGS OF COMMISSIONERS TO REMEDY DEFECTS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ANNAPOLIS IN THE STATE OF MARYLAND Which best represents the most significant of the "defects in the system of the Federal Government" under the Articles of Confederation that led delegates to attend this convention at Annapolis in 1786?

The inability of the government established by the Articles of Confederation to regulate trade among the states.

In which of the following situations is the interest group representative most likely to be given access to the government officials(s)?

The interest group representative has info related to legislation that is being debated by a congressional committee.

In which of the following situations is the interest group representative most likely to be given access to the government official(s)?

The interest group representative has information related to legislation that is being debated by a congressional committee.

The ability to compromise helped secure ratification of the Constitution proposed in 1787, but left many matters unresolved that still generate intense debates today. Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies an issue that the compromises at the Constitutional Convention did not resolve?

The issue that sometimes state and federal law are in conflict with each other. For example, under federal law, marijuana is illegal, yet many states have legalized its use for medicinal or recreational purposes.

"Whoever attentively considers the different departments of power must perceive..." Alexander Hamilton, Federalist Paper: No. 78 (1788) Which of the following best describes what Hamilton means in the excerpt above when he says that the judiciary has no influence over "the sword"?

The judiciary must rely on the executive to enforce its decisions.

Which of the following best describes a major assumption made by Alexander Hamilton in Federalist No. 78?

The judiciary would remain the weakest of the three branches of the national government.

Which of the following most clearly states the outcome of Tinker v. Des Moines?

The majority of the court found that the First Amendment's freedom of speech protection applied to public schools and that school admin. have Constitutionally valid reasons for restricting student speech

Which of the following best describes an example of horse race journalism?

The media provides daily updates on the polling numbers of the two major party presidential candidates.

Citing an increasing cost of entitlement programs, Congress cuts spending on scientific research. In this scenario, discretionary spending of this type will continue to decrease unless which of the following occurs?

The medicare budget is reduced

Which of the following most accurately describes a change in the allocation of national and state power that has occurred since the ratification of the Constitution?

The national government has gained additional power relative to the states as a result of its increase power to tax and spend.

Which of the following best describes why the Supreme Court is so frequently asked to decide cases that involve civil liberties?

The need of the government to protect society is often in conflict with the rights of individuals

The dissenting opinion of Shaw v. Reno (1993) is most closely associated with which constitutional interpretation?

The original intent of the Fourteenth Amendment was to provide equal protection for blacks following emancipation and the abolition of slavery.

In Wisconsin v. Yoder the majority opinion decision was clearly based on protecting the free speech rights of which of the following stakeholders?

The parents

Which of the following is the best explanation for why a political party might change its position to begin supporting increased civil rights protections?

The party hopes to increase its support among minority groups

Which of the following is the best explanation for why a political party might change its position to begin supporting increased civil rights protections?

The party hopes to increase its support among minority groups.

Which of the following does not help explain the realignment of voters' party support in the Deep South between 1964 and 1968?

The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Which of the following accurately summarizes the entities involved in Baker v. Carr (1962)?

The plaintiff was the former mayor of a small town near Memphis, and the defendant was the Tennessee Secretary of State.

Which of the following characteristics best suggest a public opinion poll is scientific and reasonably accurate?

The poll included a sampling error of +/- 5

A political scientist would most likely use Article III of the Constitution to illustrate which of the following?

The powers and structure of the judicial branch.

The agenda of the president and Congress are often at odds with each other. What power does the president have to persuade Congress to follow his/her policy agenda rather than their own?

The president can use social media to increase public pressure on Congress to follow his policy agenda

Imagine a congress in which both houses of Congress are controlled by the Democratic Party and the president is a Republican. Which of the following scenarios would most likely interfere with policy agenda of this congress?

The president issues an executive order to open additional lands of Arctic National Wildlife Reserve for oil exploration to lower the high price of gasoline in America

Which of the following is one of the duties of the president specified by the Constitution?

The president must appear before Congress to propose his or her budget

Which of the following describes the exercise of a formal power by a president?

The president vetoes legislation that authorizes an increase in spending for infrastructure projects

In which o the following situations is a president most likely to be successful in getting his legislative agenda passed by Congress?

The president's approval rating among likely voters is over 70 percent.

Justice Black's statement that the press can "bare the secrets of government and inform the people" is most consistent with which of the following?

The press serves as a linkage institution between the government and the people

Which of the following accurately describes why many are in favor of divided government?

The proliferation of undesirable legislation and excessive spending can be kept to a minimum.

Which of the following statements accurately describes why many are in favor of divided government?

The proliferation of undesirable legislation and excessive spending can be kept to a minimum.

A member of Congress has proposed an amendment to the Constitution to revise the 2nd Amendment. Which of the following options best describes what would have to happen for this proposed change to 2nd Amendment to take effect?

The proposed change to the 2nd Amendment would need to be passed by a 2/3rd majority in both the House and Senate and ratified by 3/4th of the State Legislatures.

Which of the following best describes the SCOTUS's interpretation of the extent to which free speech is protected under the First Amendment?

The protection afforded to speech is affected by the circumstance in which it occurs

Based on Federalist No. 10, which of the following statements could best be inferred about James Madison's political philosophy?

The protection of personal property is important to keeping a political society stable

Based on Federalist No. 10, which of the following statements could best be inferred about James Madison's political philosophy?

The protection of personal property is paramount for keeping a political society stable

The Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 requires administrative agencies to publish proposed regulations at least 30 days prior to implementation. How has this affected the policy-making process of the bureaucracy?

The public is kept more aware of the bureaucratic policy-making process

In the opening paragraphs of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson claims that

The purpose of government is to protect natural rights

A member of House of Representatives has introduced a bill to protect undocumented immigrants who were brought to the United States with their parents, but it has been killed in the House Rules Committee. Which is the best course of action to get the bill a vote on the floor of the House?

The representative should rally support behind a discharge petition to pull it out of the House Rules Committee.

Which of the following is the most accurate description of how the Supreme Court has interpreted the Bill of Rights?

The right to an attorney has expanded to include circumstances in which the govt. must provide an attorney

A political scientist would most likely used Gideon v. Wainwright to illustrate which of the following?

The right to counsel guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment is so crucial to the U.S. criminal justice system that states are required to provide defense counsel to indigent defendants

The outcome of Gideon v Wainwright rests most heavily on which of the following ideas reflected in the U.S. Constitution?

The right to counsel in the Sixth Amendment

Which of the following describes one of the most direct long-term political effects of the Articles of Confederation?

The rise of political parties with competing ideas on the balance of political power between the federal and state governments

Which of the following describes one of the most direct long-term political effects of the Articles of Confederation?

The rise of political parties with competing ideas on the balance of political power between the federal and state governments.

The application of majority-minority districts has been limited in recent decades and cannot be applied in states using race to redistrict. Which of the following is the reason for this?

The ruling of Shaw v. Reno

Which of the following statements accurately describes how the selection of chairpersons to both standing committees and select special committees empowers the Speaker of the House in the policy-making process?

The speaker of the House can satisfy the majority party by making sure that the bills they submit are passed in a timely fashion.

What was one of the short-term effects of Federalist No. 10?

The state of New York ratified the new Constitution in 1788

Which of the following accurately describes the precedent set by Wisconsin v. Yoder?

The state of Wisconsin must grant Amish families the right to withdraw from public institutions after 8th grade

Excerpt: Brutus No. 1 Given the author's claim in this excerpt, it is likely that he shared which of the following 18th century political perspectives?

The surest safeguard of individual liberties was through rule by state and local government.

Source: "Remarks at the New York Ratifying Convention" by Alexander Hamilton Based on the text, to which slavery-related compromise reached during the 1787 Constitutional Convention is Hamilton referring?

The three-fifths clause

Which of the following best explains the reason for less cloture votes on cabinet secretaries and federal reserve board members than judicial appointments?

There are less cabinet secretaries and members of the Federal Reserve board, which equates to less appointments needing cloture votes to move the approval forward.

Which of the following best explains the reason for less cloture votes on cabinet secretaries and federal reserve board members than judicial appointments?

There are less cabinet secretaries and members of the federal reserve board, which equates to less appointments needing cloture votes to move the approval forward.

In what ways were the Declaration of Independence and Thomas Paine's Common Sense similar?

They both stated that the colonists needed to make a permanent break from Britain

Which of the following statements most accurately describes why linkage institutions are necessary in the U.S. political system?

They connect the average citizen to all levels of government

Which of the following statements most accurately describes why linkage institutions are necessary in the U.S. political system?

They connect the average citizen to all levels of government.

Based on your knowledge of the grievances listed in the Declaration, which of the following best describes their impact on the debates held at the Constitutional Convention?

They framed the arguments around the power of the executive

The adoption of the Declaration of Independence reflected what shift in the beliefs among American colonists?

They were no longer going to engage in reconciliation attempts with Britain

Which of the following is the challenge to third party political influence that is represented in the cartoon?

Third parties often have their policy ideas absorbed by the major parties.

Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data in the graph?

Third party and independant candidates have been unable to overcome structural obstacles to effectively compete in presidential elections.

Which of the following events lends support for the view of state supremacy depicted in Brutus No. 1?

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison drafting the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798 and 1799.

Cartoon: "The Lamb from the Slaughter" Which of the following is an accurate statement relevant to the topic of this political cartoon?

Treaty ratification relies upon favorable consideration from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

The 1919 political cartoon is a commentary about the contentious fight over the Versailles treaty between Senator Henry Cabot Lodge (pictured) and President Woodrow Wilson. Use the cartoon and your knowledge of US government and politics to answer the question below. Which of the following is an accurate statement relevant to the topic of this political cartoon?

Treaty ratification relies upon favorable consideration from the Senate Foreign Relations committee.

Which of the following gives the best justification for the Supreme Court's power of judicial review as established by the landmark supreme court case Marbury v Madison?

Vested Power.

Which of the following best describes why winner-take-all districts for the House of Representatives disadvantage third parties?

Voters believe third parties are unlikely to win in winner-take-all districts.

Which of the following best describes why winner-take-all districts for the house of Representatives disadvantage third parties?

Voters believe third parties are unlikely to win the winner-take-all districts

Which of the following best describes the impact of 24th Amendment?

Voters can no longer be required to pay in order to vote, allowing for poorer citizens to have the right to vote protected.

Which of the following best describes how the frequent reporting of poll results during a campaign can impact an election?

Voters may be motivated to turn out on election day if the polls make the election appear to be closely contested.

The author of Brutus No. 1, Robert Yates, most strongly supports which of the following statements about the proposed Constitution?

When citizens cede liberty to a large governing force, they can seldom regain it without the use of force

The author of Brutus No. 1, Robert Yates, most strongly supports which of the following statements about the proposed Constitution?

When citizens cede liberty to a large governing force, they can seldom regain it without the use of force.

Which of the following most accurately identifies an instance when free speech in school would be restricted as implied by the majority decision in the Tinker case?

When student speech is a disruption to the educational environment

"[The president] shall nominate, and by and with the Advice andConsent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other Offices of the United States..." - Article 11, section 2 the US constitution Which of the following scenarios would make confirmation of a president's Supreme Court nominee most difficult?

When the president is a Lame Duck and the opposition party controls the U.S. Senate

In the Yoder case, the Supreme Court had to first determine whether the case involved Free Exercise Clause protections. Which of the following most accurately describes the issue involved in that determination?

Whether the Amish way of life was inseparable from their religious beliefs

The Constitutional Convention addressed many issues around slavery. Which of the following was an issue that was left unresolved about slavery at the Constitutional Convention?

Whether the states or Congress had the power to ban slavery in any new territory added to the US.

Which of the following describes a specific advantage for interest groups of working within iron triangles?

Which of the following describes a specific advantage for interest groups of working within iron triangles?

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court uphold the civil liberties of an individual against government intrusion?

Wisconsin v. Yoder

"No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury,... nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself,.." -Amendment 5 Which part of the warning read to criminal suspects is based on the fifth amendment excerpt above?

You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in the court of law.

Excerpt: Federalist No. 51 ("In Republican government..." etc.) Which of the following statements is most consistent with the author's argument in the passage above?

You must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.

which type of case below would represent the best use of loving v virginia as a precedent before the supreme court

a case before the court on state law that banned smae sex marriage

Which of the following types of federal funding would be most likely to shift the balance of power from states to the national government?

a categorical Grant related to Healthcare

the views expressed in federalist no 78 are best seen as evidence of which of the following in late 18th centure amercan society

a concern that disagreeents between the states which occurred during the confederation necessitated the creation of a national judiciary

based on the consitutional provision above in which of the following cases woulf federal courts have jurisdiction

a lawsuit brought by the national government

when the warren court overturned plessy v ferguson the decision led to serious backlash.which public reaction at the time challenged the legitimacy of the courts action in overturning the separate but equal precendent in favvor of separate is inherently

a movement to impeach the chief justice of the supreme court for exceeding his authority and legislationf from the bench

based on the excerpt from trop v dulles above with which of the following sttatements would the author of the opinion be most likely to agree

a punishment found to be constitutionally permissible under the eighth amendment today may be found unconstitutional in later case as result of change public opinion

During the McCulloch v. Maryland case, court Chief Justice John Marshall said the "power to tax is the power to destroy." These words were directed at...

a state tax on banks not charted by the state

which of the following represents an example of a situation in which an individuals civil liberties might be threatened by the government

a student is prevented from wearing a t shirt with a contoversial political slogan to school

The author of Federalist No. 51 could best be described as...

a student of the Enlightenment

which of the following groups would most likely support the expansion of judicial review

advocates of judicial activism

in which of the following instances can the supreme court utilize the power of the judical review

after an executive order isissued and challenged in the courts

which of the following is a constitutional method by which congress can limit the powers of the federal judiciary

alter the appellate jurisdiction of the federal courts

which of the following most accutately describes the individual interest in the case if wisconsin v yoder

amish church standards deemed secondary education unnecessary and a potential danger to their salvation

in which of the following ways can a president best increase the likelihood that a nominee to the supreme court will be confirmed

appoint someone who is not ideologically extreme

Excerpt: Amendment X to the Constitution ("The powers not delegated..." etc.) Which of the following actions were used by states to challenge the legitimacy of the federal government in the Antebellum Period?

arguments that justified secession as permissible under the Constitution

which of the following best describes the reason that there was so much controversy over potentil anti government speech during world war 1

as socialism was on the rise in the united states the government became increasingly worried that anti war sentiment would compromise the war effort

one of the most controversial supreme court decisions during president obamas administration was the case of citizens united v federal elections commission which allowed corporations to spend money on politcal causes without limit which presidential action could president obama have taken as an appropriate to potentially overturn this decision

be patient and wait for a vacancy in the court and appoint a liberal nominee

the concepts of stare decisis and jusicial precedent have long been used by the supreme court to adjudicate cases brought before the court which supreme court to adjudicate below represents a break with both of these processes in which the court became a change agent to address problems in american society

brown v board

which of the following supreme court cases is offeres the best comparison between judicial activism and judicial restraint

brown v board and gibbons v ogden

the supreme court occasionally isses decision that are unpopular or cause significant controversy.Which comparison below is the msot accurate description of hor presidents have responded in these types

brown v board of education

the supreme court has at times issued decisions that are quite controversial.Which comparison below best represents congressional support of a controversial supreme court decision

brown v board of education required the desegregation of public school with all deliberate speed

which of the following anti federalist authors inspired the writing of federalist no 78

brutus

which of the following best summarizes the debate reflected in wisconsin v yoder

can amish students be forced by compulsory education laws to attenf public school beyonf 8th grade

which of the following best summarizes the debate reflected engel v vitale

can public schools develop an offical prayer and encourage its recitation in school

which of the following best bummarizes the debate reflected in new york times company v us

can the federal government prohibit the publication of classified documents by merely citing executive authority

Which of the following tends to shift power from state governments to the federal government?

categorical grants

which of the following correctly identifies a case that incolved first amendment rights and case that involved the rights of the accused

citizens unted v federal election commission

the main argument of the dissenting opinion in new york times company v us rested pon which of the following powers of the executive branch

commander in chief

the constitution provides multiple methods through which the branches of government can limit the poweer of the other branches which of the following represent one of the methods by which the impact of a supreme court decision can be limited by another branch

congress can propose a constitutional amendment

which of the following is a congressional power to limit the supreme court

congress may pass modified legislation if the supreme court finds earlier legislation unconstitutional

in united states v lopez the supreme court limited congress use of the commerce power by declaring that congress coulf not use the power to make it a federal crime to possess guns in schools in which of the following to limit the impact of the impact of the supreme court ruling in this case

congress passed a slightly modified guns free school zones act

Shaw v. Reno (1993) most likely resulted in a plurality decision because

conservative and liberal justices interpret the Fourteenth Amendment differently.

which of the following was inflenced by the ambiguity in article 3

court packing

In Federalist No. 51, its author James Madison claims that the framers of the Constitution...

created separate branches of government designed to best protect the rights of the citizenry.

Baker v. Carr (1962) was remanded back to the lower court because the Supreme Court

desired that the District Court grant relief for the plaintiff.

In which of the following types of federal systems is the separation of power between National and state governments most clearly established?

dual federalism

In the landmark decision Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), the Supreme Court recognizes the validity of same-sex marriage. The political cartoon above gives hint at the constitutional underpinnings of the ruling which included which of the following clauses of the 14th amendment?

due process and equal protection clause

Which of the following best represents the free rider problem?

employees choose not a join a labor union because they can benefit from collective bargaining without paying dues

the debate sparked by tinker v des moines has the most in common with which of the following supreme courts cases

engel v vitale

the ideolody in wisconsin v yoder is similar to that of which of the following sc case

engel v vitale

the supreme courts statement that students are possessed of fundamental rights which the state mist repect is msot consistent with its decision in which of the following cases

engel v vitale

the above xcerpt from article 3 references cases and contoversis in which the federal courts have jurisdication. As a result of the constitutioon's use of this language

federal courts cannot issue advisory opinions

the outcomme of tinker v des moines rest most heavily on which of the following ideas reflected in the us constitution

first amendment- freedom of speech

the outcome of engel v vitale rests most heavily on which of the following ideas relfected in the us constitution

first amendment-esablishment clause

which of the following best demonstates the legal basis of the defense in the case of schenck v us

first amendment-freedom of speech

Given their six year term of office, Senators can afford to take a longer view on policy, especially when it comes to...

foreign affairs

Given their six-year term of office, Senators can afford to take a longer view on policy, especially when it comes to

foreign affairs

a politcal scientist would most likely use the case of wisconsin yoder to illustrate which of the following

free exercise clause rights of students have been upheld by the courts

Which of the following correctly identifies the activities which are functions of political parties and those which are not?

function of political party:Establish a party platform. Not a function of political party: Determine voter qualifications

new york times company v us has the most in common with which of the folloiwng supreme court cases

gitlow v new york

which of the following best reflects madison prespective in the marbury v madison court case

he was following orders from president thoman jefferson

the main argument of the dissenting opinion in wisconsin v yoder rested upon which of the following

high school students migth deserve some say in the matter of weither they want to continue their public eduction past 8th grade

a poltical cartoonist criticizes the governments apprach to protecting privacy in time of war by drawing a weary graveyard called war on terror where three gravestones memorialize the us constitution habeass and the geneva convention which of the folloiwng best describes the policy debbate relfected in the cartoon

how to balance public safety with the protection of individual liberties

in schenck v us the supreme court used which of the folloiwng to support its argument

if wartime speech created the possibility of clear and present danger the speech will not be protected by the first amendment

which of the following would be the direct result for a justice if he or she were to break the good behavior requirement of article 3 of the constitution

impeachment

According to the McCulloch v. Maryland case, the establishment of the Second Bank of the United States was...

implied in the text of the Constitution

the supreme courts decisions in marbury v madison and mcculloch v maryland are similar in that

implied powers of the federal government were established

which of the folloiwng most clearly states the outcome in new york times company v us

in order to exercise prior restraint against the press the federal government must provide sufficient evidence that a publication would cause a grave and irreparable danger to the nation

With a short, two-year term of office, members of the House of Representatives should be more responsive to the will of the American people in order to carry out their constitutional duty of

initiating all revenue and appropriation bills.

in which of the followingways can the president lessen the impact of a federal court decision

issue an executive order to the justice department limiting its enforcement

in which of the following ways can the president lessen the impact of a federal court decisions

issue an executive order to the justice department limiting its enforement

the case of tinker v des moines set which of the following precedents

it can hardly by argued

based in the excerpt which of the following most accurately describes the danger presented by the speech t issue in the schenk case

it could hinder the war effort

groups that advicate for which of the following would be most likely to oppose the expansion of judicial review implied by marbury v madison

judcial restraint

The dissenting opinion in Baker v. Carr (1962) is most closely associate with which judicial interpretation?

judicial restraint

Excerpt: Federalist No. 78 Hamilton's argument most directly favors a check on the legislative process known as...

judicial review

which constitutional principle is best embodied in marshalls statement that it emphatically the province and duty of the judical department to say what the law is

judicial review

which of the following led to the development of the federal court system after the ratification of the consititution

judiciary act of 1789

Free to Choose: "A society that puts equality...ahead of freedom will end up with neither equality nor freedom...On the other hand, a society that puts freedom first will, as a happy by-product, end up with both greater freedom and greater equality."- Freidman, Milton Which of the following governmental groups would the author least likely support?

liberal

which of the following political groups would have been most likely to support the decisions of the warren court from 1953-1969

liberals

in federalist no 78 alexander hamilton claims that

lifelong appointments will increase the independent nature of the judiciary

which of the following cases reaffirmed hamiltons feeling towards judicial review as found in federalist no 78

marbury v madison

which of the following best reflects marbury's perspective in the marbury v madison court case

marbury wanted madison to do his job and deliver his commission

which of the following actions prompted the federal prosecution of schenck in this case

mass mailing of leaflets encouraging americans to resist the military draft

which of the following advocacy groups would ost likely advicate for the dissenting opinion in tinker v des moines

national assicuation of secondary school principals

based on his opinion above with which of the following statements would justice black be most likely to agree

newspapers serve an essential role in protecting democracy when they report information that exposes corruption of public officials

which of the following best characterizes the politcal environment prior to the marbury v madison case

politcally polarized

in which of the following ways does the president have the greatest influence on judicial decision

presidents generally appoint judges with whom they share political ideologies

which of the following best describes the argument to which the supreme court is reponding in the excerpt above about the opinion of the court engel v vitale

preventing sanction of offical government prayers shows hostility to religion

as part the us governemnts war terror the military commissions act of 2006 prevented those who were classified as enemy combatants from availing themselves of petitions for habeas corpus to challenge their detentions the supreme court struck down this provision in 2008 which of the following best illustrates this scenario

protection of public safety is not always a sufficient justification for retriction of indicidual rights

how did the outcoem of new yorl times company v us affect american public opinion

public trust in institutions of government was greatly damaged

with which of the folloiwng statements would the author of the excerpt be most likely to agree

religion and history are inextricably intertwined

which of the following is specifically guaranteed in the bill of rights

right to an impartial jury

based on no 78 and your knowledge of the new deal era which of the following best describes president franklin roosevelt relationship with the supreme court

roosevelt hoped to refashion the composition of the supreme court to make it more amendable to his new deal agenda

which of the following cases is msot consistent with the supreme courts statement that the very concept of ordered liberty precludes allowing every person to make his own standards on matters of conduct in which society as whole has important interest

schenck v united states

which of the following statments about student speech rights in school is most consistent with the excerpt

school administrator can limit the speech rights of students if they can show that it would substantially interfere with the ability to maintain order

a politcal scientist would most likely use the case of engel v vitale to illustrate which of the following

school developed prayer in public school is often helf as a violation of the establishment claise of the first amendment

which of the following most accurtately describes an impact of the bill of rights

schools sponsored pryaers are not allowed in public schools

which of the following government principle was at the center of the courts reasoning in engel v vitale

separation of church and state

Excerpt: James Madison, The Federalist Paper number 51 ("To what expedient...") In the excerpt above, Madison argues that the constitution will protect which of the following principles of American government?

separation of powers

a political scientist would most likely use tinker v des moines to illustrate which of the following

since the 1950 that the court has more regularly upheld first amendment freedoms of students in public schools

which judicial concept does the lawyer want the court to consider as a result

stare decisis

Excerpt: Amendment X to the Constitution ("The powers not delegated..." etc.) Supporters of the powers granted by the 10th Amendment would use it to justify state laws that allowed which practice below in The early republic?

state laws that allow monopolies within state borders

in which of the following ways was the impact of the supreme courts decision in brown v board of education limited in the years following the ruling

states refused to desegregate schools depite the ruling

which of the following describes a situation where a school would be most justified in limiting the speech rights of students

students are engaging in politcal debate while they are supposed to be participating in a science lab

which of the following best summarizes the debate reflected in tinker v des monies

students felt that anti war speech was protected by the first amendment while the school district worried that such speech would be a disruption

which of the following accurately summarizes the entities involved in the case

students were petitioning the court to challege their school districts decision to suspend them for wearing armbands as an anti war protest an act that was ecplicitly banned by the school before hand

Which of the following interest groups would most likely advocate for the dissenting opinion of US v. Lopez (1995)?

supporters of gun control

The Speaker of the House is not explicitly responsible for

tallying how members plan to vote on a bill

in dred scot v sandford cheif justice taney stated the slaves or descendants of slaves were not citizens and could not become naturalised citizens in which of the following ways was the decision in this case ultimately limited

the 14th aendment define citizenship to include all those born or naturalized in the united states

When the Supreme Court granted Clarence Earl Gideon's request for a Writ of Certiorari above, the eventual decision of the Court became a landmark case because

the Court ruled that Gideon was entitled to legal representation even though he could not afford it.

the courts power of judicial review waas established by the supreme courts decision in marbury v madison. As referenced in the excerpt from marbury above which provision of the constitution did the court find that the judiciary act of 1789 had violated

the ability of congress to change the supreme courts orginal jurisdiction

Which of the following enumerated powers was most relevant in the McCulloch v. Maryland case?

the ability to control interstate commerce

One of the long term effects of MLK's Letter from Birmingham Jail was

the ascension of Malcom X to a leadership position in the SCLC

which of the following most accurately describes civil liberties

the basic freedoms guaranteed by the constitution either explicitly or through interpretation

which of the following best describes the supreme courts rationale for striking down the school sponsored prayer at isse in engel

the choice of prayers should be left to individuals and their religious advisor

based on schenck v us and your knowledge of free speech in wartime which of the following best describes the impct of the principle of clear and present danger on wartime speech

the court has contined to holf that speech designed to support enemy organizations in wartime cannot be protected by the first amendment

Tinker v. Des Moines most likely resulted in a majority decision because:

the court reasoned that the students' expression would not have resulted in a disruption

tinker v des moines most limely resulted in a majority decision because

the court reasoned tht the students expression would not have reulted in a disruption

which of the following most clearly states the outcome of wisconsin v yoder

the court ruled that requiring amish familiesto abide by compulsory education laws requiring students to attend public school beyond 8th grade would violate their free exercise protections in contained in the first amendment

schenck v us most likely resulted in a unanimous vote because

the court worried that allowing speech encouraging americans to resist the draft would compromist the war effect snf threaten american safety

what was one of the short term effects of federalist no 78

the creation of the federal court system by congress through the judiciary act of 1789

which of the following best describes what the court says about the eighth amendment in the excerpt from trop dulless

the definition of cruel and unusual punishments referred to in the eigth amendment is dependent on societal norms

usa patriot act

the desire to guarantee public safety can lead to limits on individual rights

which of the following events led directly to the marbury v madison court case

the election of thomas jefferson

the basis of the federal governments lawsuit in new york times company v us involved which of the following

the espionage act

which of the following correctly identifies the law being quested in the case of schenck v us

the espionage act of 1917

In Brutus No. 1, Robert Yates claims that...

the existence of state governments will be imperiled by the taxing power of the national government.

which of the following statements is msot consistent with the excerpt above opinion of the court schenck v untied states

the extent of free speech protection is affected by the context in which the speech is uttered

which of the following is the concern of the anti federalist regarding the constitution that hamilton is responding to with his argument in the excerpt above

the extent of the powers of the unelected members of the judiciary

a political scientist would likely use new york times company v us to illustrate of the following

the first amendment guarantee of freedom of the press cannot be infringed upon by the federal government without sufficient evidence that us national security was in grave and irreparable danger

which of the following government actions is most likely to be consistent with the restrictions placed on the government by the bill of rights

the foard of education for public school system approves a rule prohibiting students from wearing clothing with messages that have previoslt led to significant disruption

the outcome of wisconsin v yoder rest most heavily on which of the folloiwng ideas reflected in the us constitution

the free exercise clause of the first amendment

the main argument of the concurring opinion in new york times company v us rested specifically upon which of the following principles of the constitution

the free press clause

which of the folloiwng is most likely to be a violation of the bill of rights

the government establishes a national religion

a political cartoonist criticizes the governments approach to protecting privacy in time of war by drawing a weary graveyard called war on terror where three gravestones memorialize the us constitution habeas corpus and the genevaa convention which of the following best describes the message of that political cartoon

the governments exercise of power during war can lead to the loss individual rights

which of the following best describes the basis for the supreme courts finding that the second amendment confers an individual right to bear arms

the history and apecific wording of the second amendment clarify the meaning of the amendment

with which of the following statements would the author of the supreme courts opinion in wisconsin v yoder be most likely to agree

the importance of an individuals religious beliefs must be weighed against the itnerests of society

a politcal scientist would most likely use federalist no 78 to illustrate which of the following

the independent nature of the national judiciary

which of the following most directly led to the landmark supreme court case marbury v madison

the judiciary act of 1789

which of the followinf best describes what hamilton means in the excerpt above when e says that the judiciary has no inflence over the sword

the judiciary must rely on the executive to enforce its decisions

which of the following best describes a major assumption made by alexander hamilton in federalist no 78

the judiciary would remain the weakest of the rhree branches of the national government

the supreme court declared unconstitutional a portion of the firearms control regulations act of 1975 leading ssome the argue that the courts decision was an example of judicial activism which of the following best supports that argument

the justices were applying their own opinions to the case rather than strictly adhering to the law

which of the following best summarizes the debate reflected in schenck v us

the legality of anti concription speech in wartime

which of the followin most clearly stte the outcome of tinker v des moines

the majority of the court found that first amendments freedom of speech protection applied to public schools and that school administators have constitutinally valid reasons for restrcting student sppech

which of the folloiwng best describes why the supreme court is so frequently asked to decide cases the involve civil liberties

the need of the government to protect society is often in conflict with the rights of individual

in the majority opinion the courts decision was clearly based on protecting the free exercise rights of which of the following stakeholders

the parents

In Shaw v. Reno the Supreme Court reversed a lower court's decision because it concluded that

the plaintiffs had grounds for relief due to the Fourteenth Amendment.

Which of the following represents a power that may be constitutionally exercised by both the national and state governments?

the power to tax income

a political scientist would msot likely use cause of schenck v us to illustrate whoch of the following

the precedent of clear and present danger

justice blacks statement that the press can bare the secrets of government and inform the people is most consistent with which of the following

the press serves as a linkage institution between the government and the people

which of the following best describes the supreme courts interpretation of the extent to which free speech is protected uner the first amendment

the protection afforded to speech is affected by the circumstances in which it occurs

In the opening paragraphs of the Declaration of Indep., Jefferson claims that...

the purpose of government is to protect natural rights

which of the following best explains why the court upheld the convictions of the defendants their claim of free speech protections

the right of the defendants have to be balanced against the right of the government to maintain order

which of the following is the most accurate description of how the supreme court has interpreted the bill of rights

the right to an attorney has expanded to include circumstances in which the government must provide an attorney

which of the following most clearly states the outcome of engel v vitale

the schools offical pryaer was upheld by the courts interpretation of the establishment clause

which of the following most accurately reflects the school districts defense in the case of engel v vitale

the schools prayer was broad enough to aviod referencing a specific religion and was voluntary

engle v vitale reflects what shift in the american political beliefs

the shift away from the infusion of prayer in public schools

which of the following accurately describes the prescedent set by wisconsin v yoder

the state of wisconsin must grant wmish families the right to withdraaw from public institutions after 8thgrade

which of the following describes a scenario in which congress is exercising its constitutional powers to limit the supreme court

the supreme court declares legislation unconstitutional and congress responds by eliminating federal court jurisdiction over future cases involvong the same issues

which of the following best represents the courts use of the power described by john marshall in the excerpt above

the supreme court rule that a state laaw violates the constitution and is therefore unenforceable

following mass shootings the debate over whether there should be increased limits on access to guns intensifies. this is most reprecentative of which of the following

the tension between the needd to protect public safety while also preotection individual rights

which of the following best explains explains why the court mentions the crime of falsifying public records in the excerpt above

the type of crime committed is relevant when determining the constitutinality of a punishment

based on your kowledge of the vietnam war era congress responded to the fallout over new york times company v us by passing which of the following

the war powers act

when the judgement was handed down which of the following entities would have msot likely advocated for the concurring opinion in new york times company v us

the washingtion post

which of the folloiwng is most consistent with the suprme courts opinion in district of columbia v heller

there is little evidence regarding the meaning of the right to bear arms at the time the second amendment was drafted

engel v vitale recognized and upheld the separation of church and state which of the following figure was the biggest champion this principle

thoman jefferson

which of the following notable american leaders would come to question alexander hamilton;s views about the power of the national judiciary

thomas jefferson

the case of schenck v us has most in common with which of the following supreme court cases

tinker v des moines

based on article 3 of the constitution which of the following best describes the likely intent of the appellate jurisdiction of the supreme court

to allow the supreme court to reconsider lower court decisions

based on the excerpt which of the following best describes how justice black sees the role of the press

to restrain the government by informing the public about its activities

The Chamber of Commerce is an interest group that represents a collection of business and corporations. Among other things, the Chamber of Commerce works at lobbying Congress and local community governments to pass legislation that is friendly to businesses.This is an example of a

trade association

The Chamber of Commerce is an interest group that represents the collection of businesses and corporations. Among other things, the Chamber of Commerce works at lobbying Congress and local community governments to pass legislation that is friendly to businesses. This is an example of a

trade association

which of the following gives the best justification for the supreme courts power of judical review as established by the landmark supreme court marbury v madison

vested power

Those with high levels of political efficacy are more likely than others to

vote in elections.

there exists an ongoing debate regarding judicial activism v judicial retraint in the untied states. which comparison below is the most accurate description of the differece between judicial activism and judicial restraint

when judges issue decisions based on personal opinion rather than on existing law

which of the following most accurately identifies an instance when free speech in school would restricted as implied by the majority decision in the tinker case

when student speech is a disruption to the educational environment

in the yoder case the supreme court had to first determine whether the case involved free exercise clause protections which of the following most accurately describes the issue invilved in that determination

whether the amish way of life was inseparable from their religious beliefs

in which of the following cases did the supreme court uphold the civil liberties of an individual against government intrusion

wisconsin v yoder

the case of engel v vitale has most in common with which of the following court cases

wisconsion v yoder

Based on the graph above, a single issue party would have the best chance of achieving their policy initiatives in a presidential election by

working with either the Democrats or Republicans to integrate their policy initiatives into the platform of either majority party.

A newspaper publishes a cartoon captioned: "News: Courts OK Corporate Election Spending." The cartoon features a senator whose suit is covered in logos and an air-quote that says "No... I am not a NASCAR driver. I'm a U.S. senator" Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most directly connected to the topic of the cartoon?

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

A newspaper publishes a cartoon captioned: "News: Courts OK Corporate Election Spending." The cartoon features a senator whose suit is covered in logos and an air-quote that says "No... I am not a NASCAR driver. I'm a U.S. senator." Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most directly connected to the topic of the cartoon?

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

Which of the following describes a specific advantage for interest groups of working within iron triangles?

Collaborating with congressional committees and bureaucratic agencies allows interest groups to work across political parties.

Which of the following statements accurately describes a facet of the policy-making process in the U.S. House of Representatives?

Committee action in the House of Representatives is more influential than floor action in rendering a final decision on legislation.

Which of the following is best represents the free rider problem?

Employees choose not to join a labor union because they can benefit from collective bargaining without paying dues

Which of the following statements describes a positive outcome to the practice of logrolling?

Encouraging voters to monitor the voting behavior of their legislators.

Which of the following statements accurately describes why the policy-making process in the U.S. Senate is more deliberative than that of the House of Representatives?

Flexible floor debate rules allow the minority party ample opportunity to throw up impediments to legislation it opposes.

In which of the following ways can interest groups most effectively exercise influence over the federal courts?

Form a PAC that donates campaign funds to help elect particular Senate candidates

Apolitical cartoonist pokes fun at a congressman speaking at a podium saying, "Nobody tells me what to do or say!" while holding a microphone labeled "Lobby." Which of the following best describes the message of the political cartoon?

Lobbyist control the messages delivered by members of Congress

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding mandatory and discretionary spending by Congress?

Mandatory: Expenditures include interest payments on national debt. Discretionary: Expenditures are divided into two categories—defense and non-defense.

A newspaper publishes a cartoon captioned: "News: Courts OK Corporate Election Spending." The cartoon features a senator whose suit is covered in logos and an air-quote that says "No... I am not a NASCAR driver. I'm a U.S. senator" Which of the following best describes the message of the cartoon?

Members of Congress have become increasingly influenced by big business interests.

A newspaper publishes a cartoon captioned: "news: courts ok corporate election spending." the cartoon features a senator whose suit is covered in logos and an air-quote that says "no... i am not a nascar driver. i'm a u.s. senator." which of the following best describes the message of the cartoon?

Members of Congress have become increasingly influenced by big business interests.

As political campaigns have become centred around the power and influence of the candidates themselves rather than political parties, which of the following is an increasingly important role of parties in political campaigns?

Parties mobilize voters to get to the polls on election day.

The Fishing Season: Use this 1919 political cartoon and your knowledge of the U.S. government and politics to answer the question below. Which of the following best describes the message in this political cartoon?

Party leaders are expected to identify and promote positions on policy ahead of elections

The Fishing Season: Use this 1919 political cartoon and your knowledge of the U.S. government and politics to answer the question below. Judging only from the imagery in this cartoon, what was the state of politics at the time of its publication?

Party leadership struggled to fins a wining platform for their coalitions to support.

The Sierra Club is an environmental interest group that has advocated for protection of natural resources for over 100 years. Environmental groups that advocate for policies that can potentially benefit very large groups of people often face which of the following specific challenges?

People referred to as free riders can benefit from environmental policies without incurring any cost.

Which of the following statements accurately describes why the Senate has continued to respect the practice of Senate "holds"?

Placing limits on Senate "holds" may increase the likelihood of filibusters taking place.

Which of the following describes a reason why third parties rarely achieve electoral success in the United States?

Popular third party policies are often adopted by major parties

Which of the following most clearly states the outcome of Shaw v. Reno (1993)?

Redistricting plans based on race must be held to a high standard of scrutiny under the Fourteenth Amendment and ensure compliance with the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Which of the following is best supported by the data in the graph?

Republican Super PACs spent more for tv ads than the combined total spent by the campaigns of both parties.

Which of the following is an accurate description of the info in the table?

Republicans were more likely than Democrats and Independents to believe in media bias

Which of the following accurately compares winner-take-all and proportional systems of representation for legislatures?

Row A. (Open barrier to third party; Tends to support multi party system)

Which of the following correctly describe the roles played by interest groups and political parties in the process?

Row A: Educate electorate about political issues; Recruit candidates for political office

Which of the following correctly identifies the activities which are functions of political parties and those which are not?

Row A: Establish a party platform; Determine voter qualifications

Which of the following accurately compares the winner take all and proportional systems of representation for legislatures?

Row A: Often a barrier to third parties; tends to support a multiparty system

Which of the following correctly identifies ways that political parties impact the electorate and the government?

Row C: Link the electorate to government; Help to organise the operations of government

Which of the following correctly describes roles played by the media and interest groups in the political process?

Row C: Provides the public with info about gov activity; Educated the public about specific policy issues

Which of the following comparisons of protest movements are most similar to each other in their tactics and eventual outcomes?

Row D (Marriage Equality Movement, African American Civil Rights Movement)

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of floor debate in the Senate and House of Representatives?

Senate: debate usually turns to minority party HoR: debate usually turns to majority party

Which of the following is a consequence of the House of Representatives having 435 members and the Senate having 100 members?

Senators tend to have more influence over legislation and get more media attention individually because there are less of them.

Which of the following statements accurately describes how the selection of chairpersons to both standing committees and select special committees empowers the Speaker of the House in the policy-making process?

The Speaker of the House can satisfy the majority party by making sure that the bills they submit are passed in a timely fashion.

The American Medical Association (AMA) and the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) both advocate for healthcare policies. Which of the following correctly describes the primary advantage that the American Medical Association has over AARP in promoting specific healthcare policies?

The members of the American Medical Association likely have greater expertise related to healthcare issues.

The American Medical Association (AMA) and the American Association of Retired persons (AARP) both advocate for better healthcare policies. Which of the following correctly describes the primary advantage that the American Medical Association has over AARP in promoting specific healthcare policies?

The members of the American Medical Association provides greater funds to members of congress

Which of the following accurately summarizes the entities involved in Baker v. Carr (1962)?

The plaintiff was the former mayor of a small town near Memphis, and the defendant was the Tennessee Secretary of State

Which of the following is most consistent with the data in the graph?

The prevalence of social media may lead to greater popular engagement in presidential elections

Which of the following most clearly states the outcome of Baker v. Carr (1962)?

The redistricting of state legislative districts is justiciable by the Federal Courts.

A member of House of Representatives has introduced a bill to protect undocumented immigrants who were brought to the United States with their parents, but it has been killed in the House Rules Committee. Which of the following is the best course of action to get the bill a vote on the floor of the House?

The representative should rally support behind a discharge petition to pull it out of the House Rules Committee.

Which of the following is true about an election's ability to shape public policy?

Voters can pass or reject referenda

By comparing the electoral maps above, which of the following statements is true about the presidential elections of 1964 and 1968?

Voters in the Southeast were dissatisfied with the two-party system.

Which of the following statements is reflected in the data in the graph?

Voters over 65 are more likely to use social media to announce their own votes than to encourage other to vote for a specific candidate.

Which of the following best describes the political cartoon's message about third parties?

Voting for a third party candidate does not impact the outcome of elections

Which of the following is a consequence of the ruling established in Baker v. Carr?

When redistricting, states must create relatively similarly sized districts to ensure voter equality.

interest groups are often accused of encouraging judicial activism. Which of the following interest group activities is most closely linked to the promotion of judicial activism?

filing an amicus curiae brief