exam 3 bio
What is attached to the #1 carbon of the sugar of a dexoyribonucleotide?
A Base
Which enzyme extends(polymerizes) the newly made leading strands during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase III
As part of the signaling pathway associated with growth factor signaling, which kinase enters the nucleus to phosphorylated a transcription factor?
Erk-P
If a response to a single molecule requires a new gene expression, what kind of protein must be phosphorylated?
a transcription factor
what protein is/are found in the cleavage furrow in dividing animal cells?
actin, myosin
Keytruda is a potential treatment when the cancer
has high levels of PD-L1
During DNA replication, which enzyme separates the two template DNA strands?
helicase
What type of bond is found between complementary bases in DNA molecule?
hydrogen
Whats does Zelboraf do?
inhibits mutant, active BRAF
if Ras is bound to GTP, what do you predict about MEK?
it is phosphorylated
What does a CDK need in order to be active?
it needs to be bound to its cyclin
In melanoma cells with the mutant, active B-Raf, what do you predict about Erk?
it will be phosphorylated
A normal cell has no growth factor bound to the growth factor receptor. what do you predict about ERK in this situation
it will not be phosphorylated
where do spindle microtubules attach to chromosome ?
kinetochores
which enzyme is/are specific to lagging strand synthesis?
ligase
Which enzyme is not correctly matched with its function?
ligase- keeps template strands separated/as single strands
what is a mitotic spindle made of?
microtubules(tubulin)
A cell has a chromosome that has microtubules from the same spindle pole attached to one kinetochore. the other kinetochore does not have any microtubules attached to it. what will this cell do?
pause in metaphase
what mutation drive approximately 50%of all malignant melanomas?
permanently active BRAF
what do all kinases do?
phosphorylated target molecules
during which phase of mitosis does nucleus re-form?
telophase
What molecule is found on some cancer cells and used to turn off attack by the immune cells?
PD-L1
what is direction of DNA synthesis by DNA pol III?
5-----3
At its peak concentration, what does cyclin D interact with(bind to)?
CDK
when during the cell cycle are cyclin D levels the highest?
G1
which of the following is the correct order of cell cycle phases?
G1,S,G2,MITOSIS,CYTOKINESIS
when during the cell cycle would a chromosome have two sister chromatids?
G2
RAF activates _______ by ___________.
MEK; phosphorylation
A melanoma has mutant active BRAF. does it require growth factor in order to divide?
No
Which is the active form of Ras?
Ras-GTP
Which protein acts like a gatekeeper(preventing cells from progressing from G1 to S)?
Rb
In terms of signaling, what is MEK?
a member of the kinase cascade
The insulin receptor is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). What is its activated state?
a phosphorylated dimer
What is the attached to the #3 carbon of the sugar of a dexoyribonucleotide?
an OH
during which phase of mitosis do chromosomes start to move towards each spindle pole?
anaphase
during which stage of mitosis do kinetochore microtubules shorten?
anaphase
a potential cancer chemotherapy drug prevents microtubules from shortening. which phase of the cell cycle will be disrupted by this drug?
anaphase of mitosis
what phosphorylates the tails of a growth factor RTK?
another RTK in the same dimer
which of the following would be predicted to be the most effective traditional treatment for metastatic melanoma?
chemotherapy
after phosphorylation of a transcription factor in the nucleus (following growth factor signaling), what protein is made as a result of gene expression?
cyclin D
Latrunculin A is a drug that inhibits actin function. which of the following would this drug most directly interfere with?
cytokinesis
when do daughter cells separate from each other?
cytokinesis
which of the following is not a part of interphase?
cytokinesis
a cell has no growth factor bound to the growth factor receptor. however, there is a mutation in MEK, that makes MEK permanently phosphorylated. what is the cell doing?
dividing
melanoma cells with mutant active BRAF have high levels of ERK-P where is Erk-P found?
the nucleus
