exam 3 bio

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What is attached to the #1 carbon of the sugar of a dexoyribonucleotide?

A Base

Which enzyme extends(polymerizes) the newly made leading strands during DNA replication?

DNA polymerase III

As part of the signaling pathway associated with growth factor signaling, which kinase enters the nucleus to phosphorylated a transcription factor?

Erk-P

If a response to a single molecule requires a new gene expression, what kind of protein must be phosphorylated?

a transcription factor

what protein is/are found in the cleavage furrow in dividing animal cells?

actin, myosin

Keytruda is a potential treatment when the cancer

has high levels of PD-L1

During DNA replication, which enzyme separates the two template DNA strands?

helicase

What type of bond is found between complementary bases in DNA molecule?

hydrogen

Whats does Zelboraf do?

inhibits mutant, active BRAF

if Ras is bound to GTP, what do you predict about MEK?

it is phosphorylated

What does a CDK need in order to be active?

it needs to be bound to its cyclin

In melanoma cells with the mutant, active B-Raf, what do you predict about Erk?

it will be phosphorylated

A normal cell has no growth factor bound to the growth factor receptor. what do you predict about ERK in this situation

it will not be phosphorylated

where do spindle microtubules attach to chromosome ?

kinetochores

which enzyme is/are specific to lagging strand synthesis?

ligase

Which enzyme is not correctly matched with its function?

ligase- keeps template strands separated/as single strands

what is a mitotic spindle made of?

microtubules(tubulin)

A cell has a chromosome that has microtubules from the same spindle pole attached to one kinetochore. the other kinetochore does not have any microtubules attached to it. what will this cell do?

pause in metaphase

what mutation drive approximately 50%of all malignant melanomas?

permanently active BRAF

what do all kinases do?

phosphorylated target molecules

during which phase of mitosis does nucleus re-form?

telophase

What molecule is found on some cancer cells and used to turn off attack by the immune cells?

PD-L1

what is direction of DNA synthesis by DNA pol III?

5-----3

At its peak concentration, what does cyclin D interact with(bind to)?

CDK

when during the cell cycle are cyclin D levels the highest?

G1

which of the following is the correct order of cell cycle phases?

G1,S,G2,MITOSIS,CYTOKINESIS

when during the cell cycle would a chromosome have two sister chromatids?

G2

RAF activates _______ by ___________.

MEK; phosphorylation

A melanoma has mutant active BRAF. does it require growth factor in order to divide?

No

Which is the active form of Ras?

Ras-GTP

Which protein acts like a gatekeeper(preventing cells from progressing from G1 to S)?

Rb

In terms of signaling, what is MEK?

a member of the kinase cascade

The insulin receptor is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). What is its activated state?

a phosphorylated dimer

What is the attached to the #3 carbon of the sugar of a dexoyribonucleotide?

an OH

during which phase of mitosis do chromosomes start to move towards each spindle pole?

anaphase

during which stage of mitosis do kinetochore microtubules shorten?

anaphase

a potential cancer chemotherapy drug prevents microtubules from shortening. which phase of the cell cycle will be disrupted by this drug?

anaphase of mitosis

what phosphorylates the tails of a growth factor RTK?

another RTK in the same dimer

which of the following would be predicted to be the most effective traditional treatment for metastatic melanoma?

chemotherapy

after phosphorylation of a transcription factor in the nucleus (following growth factor signaling), what protein is made as a result of gene expression?

cyclin D

Latrunculin A is a drug that inhibits actin function. which of the following would this drug most directly interfere with?

cytokinesis

when do daughter cells separate from each other?

cytokinesis

which of the following is not a part of interphase?

cytokinesis

a cell has no growth factor bound to the growth factor receptor. however, there is a mutation in MEK, that makes MEK permanently phosphorylated. what is the cell doing?

dividing

melanoma cells with mutant active BRAF have high levels of ERK-P where is Erk-P found?

the nucleus


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