Ap gov unit 3

The United States Supreme Court has used which of the following to incorporate the Bill of Rights into state law?

14th amendment

Most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights now apply to the states because of the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution's

14th ammendment

The quote points to which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution as a basis to limit state action?

2nd amendment

Which of the following constitutional amendments is most related to the issue shown on the map?

8th amendment

Which of the following scenarios, related to the First Amendment, best illustrates the "right . . . to petition the Government . . ." ?

A citizen calls a member of Congress to persuade her to vote yes on a bill.

Which of the following would be considered an instance in which time, place, and manner restrictions would be applied to the First Amendment?

A city enforces its laws restricting noise to limit the scale of an outdoor concert event intended to raise public awareness of climate change.

Which of the following decisions is most likely to cite the Supreme Court's decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) as a legal precedent in support of the decision?

A decision in favor of students holding signs that protest a new policy

The Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause declares that "No State shall . . . deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." In which of the following scenarios is this clause most likely to be used by the Supreme Court in its decision?

A local school district mandates racially segregated schools.

Which of the following statements best describes how United States citizens regard the rights of free speech and assembly?

A majority agrees in principle with these rights, but in practice many people are often intolerant of views they do not support.

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an action that would be protected by the free exercise clause in the First Amendment?

A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work.

Which of the following scenarios would be considered a violation of the rights of someone accused of a crime, according to the Supreme Court?

A person who is unable to afford an attorney is tried and convicted of a crime without legal representation.

Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment?

A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war.

Which of the following issues was the primary concern in City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Company?

Affirmative action policies intended to address workplace and educational disparities.

Which of the following best illustrates the protection of an individual's Fifth Amendment rights?

After arrest, a suspect is informed of the right to remain silent during interrogation.

Which of the following is most likely to be considered speech that is protected by the First Amendment?

An individual posts something on social media that is highly critical of the president

Which of the following illustrates a situation that would not be protected by the First Amendment due to time, place, and manner restrictions?

Antibusiness protestors are arrested and prosecuted for shutting down major intersections in New York City's Times Square during rush hour.

Which of the following could be used as evidence to support the author's claim?

At the time the Constitution was written, laws in the states required able-bodied individuals to serve in militias.

Prohibits the federal government from promoting religion or creating a national religionProtects an individual's religious beliefs and reasonable religious practices

B

Which of the following is a similarity between the views expressed in the excerpt above and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail"?

Both César Chávez and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. argued for the continued use of nonviolence to further their causes.

Which of the following statements offers the most accurate comparison between this case and the decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) ?

Both cases ruled against the school district based on the equal protection clause.

Which of the following explains how this case is similar to Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) ?

Both cases struck down local ordinances that prescribed segregation.

In the case Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson (1971), the parents of Chinese American students who attended a primarily Asian American school challenged San Francisco's effort to desegregate the public schools, arguing that their culture and language would be diluted if their children were dispersed from their local school. The Supreme Court denied the challenge from the parents basing their decision on the Fourteenth Amendment. Which of the following cases was most likely used in the decision as a precedent?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

In which case did the Supreme Court hold that race based school segregation violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

The right to burn a flag Obscenity

C

Which of the following scenarios best explains how the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment has influenced political behavior?

Civil Rights leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr., cited constitutional arguments as a basis for opposing segregation and inequality.

To enforce the Fourteenth Amendment more clearly, Congress passed the

Civil rights act of 1964

According to the quote, what was the likely effect of the Court's ruling in the Bakke case?

Colleges could have considered race but could not use strict racial quotas in admission practices.

To which level of government did the Bill of Rights originally apply?

Federal government only

Interest groups are protected under the Constitution by the

First Amendment

Which of the following best indicates how a court would rule in this case if the Supreme Court's ruling in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) was used as a precedent?

Freedom of the press includes a heavy presumption against government censorship, and the documents can be published by the press.

Based on the ruling in the Supreme Court's decision, which of the following lines of reasoning does the court most likely use?

Freedom of the press requires that the government show a significant danger to national security in order to stop publication.

Which of the following Supreme Court cases established that those accused of felonies who cannot afford legal counsel are entitled to legal counsel provided by the state?

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Which two principles are addressed in the excerptabove? The incorporation doctrine The concept of eminent domain The exclusionary rule The "wall of separation" doctrine

I and III

Which of the following expresses the most significant political concern in the passage?

Increased awareness of citizen inequalities that need to be addressed

The Supreme Court decision quoted above did which of the following?

Initially affected only schools where segregation was mandated by law.

Which of the following is true of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 ?

It has been a major instrument for increasing the number of African American and other minority voters.

Which of the following best describes a purpose of the Establishment Clause?

It prohibits Congress from establishing a state religion.

Which of the following is true about the right of free speech, as currently interpreted by the Supreme Court?

It protects the right to express opinions even without the actual use of words.

In Engel v. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling?

It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation.

Which Supreme Court case is most aligned with Justice Alito's reasoning to treat gun ownership for self-defense as a fundamental liberty?

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to the topic of the article?

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Which of the following scenarios best explains the inclusion of Title IX as part of the Education Amendments of 1972 ?

Members of Congress added the amendment to the bill in response to social movements seeking to address inequality in education for women.

he card shown above was issued as a consequence of which of the following Supreme Court decisions?

Miranda v Arizona

Which of the following statements best describes the information in the map?

Most states in the South and West allow capital punishment.

The facts of which of the following cases are most related to the political cartoon?

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

The establishment clause in the First Amendment does which of the following?

Prohibits the setting up of a state church.

Which of the following best defines civil liberties?

Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government

Which of the following Supreme Court cases best justifies the actions taken by law enforcement in this scenario?

Schenck v. United States (1919)

In the case of McDonald v. Chicago (2010) the Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for self-defense was applicable to the states. This ruling is an example of the application of the doctrine of

Selective Incorporation

The Supreme Court ruled in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) that a citizen's right to keep and bear arms at home for self-defense is protected from state and federal infringement. Which of the following is most relevant to that decision?

Selective incorporation

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court established which of the following principles?

Separation of students by race, even in equally good schools, is unconstitutional.

In Gideon v. Wainwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the

Sixth Amendment right-to-counsel provision applies to those accused of major crimes under state laws

Which of the following is a principle underlying the Bill of Rights?

Some rights are fundamental and should not be subject to majoritarian control.

Which of the following was an argument used by the Supreme Court in upholding federal statutes outlawing segregation in public accommodations?

Such segregation affected interstate commerce, and Congress therefore had the authority to outlaw it.

Which of the following pieces of legislation was most likely a result of the passage?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

The United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was based on which of the following?

The Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection

Which of the following amendments to the Constitution most likely provides the basis for a driver to challenge the constitutionality of police use of sobriety checkpoints in enforcing drunk driving laws?

The Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizure

Which of the following explains the constitutional reasoning in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) ?

The Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for the purpose of self-defense is applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.

Which of the following did the most to expand civil rights in the 1950's?

The Supreme Court decision declaring state-mandated school segregation to be unconstitutional

Which of the following is most likely responsible for the increase in the number of southern African American state legislators between 1960 and 1992 as shown in the graph?

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

The Supreme Court has ruled which of the following concerning the death penalty?

The death penalty is not necessarily cruel and unusual punishment.

Which of the following provisions of the United States Constitution did the Supreme Court use to strike down racial segregation in state public schools?

The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

A woman is arrested for possessing illegal substances that were obtained after a warrantless search of her home by local police. Which of the following best explains whether the evidence could be used in a criminal trial?

The exclusionary rule, derived from the Fourth Amendment, prevents the evidence from being used against the suspect.

Since 1992, how has concern over the increasingly dangerous world described in the passage most affected American political debates?

The federal government has increased its surveillance powers, leading to a debate about the balance between civil liberties and security.

Which of the following best captures a portion of the author's argument?

The government has made women subservient by denying them the right to vote.

The executive branch attempts to stop the publishing of the report, but the publishers cite the precedent in New York Times Company v. United States (1971) establishing which of the following legal rules?

The heavy presumption against prior restraint

Which of the following best represents how the court will most likely respond to the case?

The newspapers will be permitted to publish the story without a review by the government's lawyers.

Which of the following best explains how poll respondents regard the relationship between the right to own guns and personal freedom?

The poll shows there is an ongoing debate over whether gun control laws promote or interfere with individual rights.

Which of the following is one of the central concerns of the First Amendment?

The right of citizens to petition the government for redress of grievances

Which of the following statements is true regarding the right to privacy?

The right to privacy is not explicitly named in the Constitution.

All of the following statements reflect positions the Supreme Court has taken with regard to the right of free speech EXCEPT:

There are no acceptable governmental restrictions on free speech.

Which of the following statements presents the most important limitation of the data in the graph?

There is no information about the total number of state legislators.

Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to this scenario?

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

Which of the following Supreme Court decisions allows public school students to wear T-shirts protesting a school board decision that eliminates funding for high school arts programs?

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

The "Miranda warning" represents an attempt to protect criminal suspects against

Unfair police interrogation

In which of the following situations would the Supreme Court be most likely to utilize the doctrine of selective incorporation?

When an individual claims that a right protected by the Bill of Rights is infringed upon by a state

Which of the following cases decided whether a state could compel children to attend school beyond eighth grade even if it violated the students' sincerely held religious beliefs?

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Which of the following cases examined a state law that required all children to attend school through the twelfth grade in order to promote the general welfare of its citizens?

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

The primary issue in the Grutter v. Bollinger decision involves

affirmative action

According to the data, both gun owners and non-gun owners

chose freedom of speech as most essential to their own liberty

Which of the following principles protects a citizen from imprisonment without trial?

due process

Which of the following constitutional clauses was most relevant to the right to privacy?

due process clause

The clause of the United States Constitution that was used in the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) was

equal protection clause

The issues identified in the passage reflect a failure to uphold which of the following constitutional clauses?

equal protection clause

The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, the Equal Rights Amendment, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 were all directed toward the goal of

equality for women

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) was a significant Supreme Court ruling because it

held the "separate but equal" concept to be a violation of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

The process of extending the protections of the Bill of Rights by means of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply to the actions of state governments is known as

incorporation

The Supreme Court established the incorporation doctrine when the Court

interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment as extending most of the requirements of the Bill of Rights to the states as well as the federal government

The clear-and-present danger test devised by the Supreme Court was designed to define the conditions under which public authorities could

limit free speech

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to

make most rights contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states

The federal Constitution guarantees all of the following rights to a person arrested and charged with a serious crime EXCEPT the right to

negotiate a plea bargain

In Miranda v. Arizona, the United States Supreme Court declared that

police must inform criminal suspects of their constitutional rights before questioning suspects after arrest

With respect to prayer in public schools, the United States Supreme Court has ruled that

state-sponsored prayer violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment

Which of the following headlines is most relevant to the political cartoon?

supreme Court Refuses to Stop the Presses for National Security

The Court pointed to which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution to achieve this ruling?

the 14th amendment

After hours of interrogation by police a suspect confesses to multiple felony offenses. His attorney objected to the admission of the confession because he was not advised of his right to have an attorney present nor his protection from self-incrimination. Which amendments are most relevant to this scenario?

the 5th and 6th amendments

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court held that the Constitution protects the right to keep and bear arms for the purpose of self-defense and that the Second Amendment applied to the states through which of the following constitutional clauses?

the due process clause of the 14th amendment

This policy was later found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. Which of the following clauses did the policy most likely violate?

the establishment clause

During an investigation, police officers find illegal drugs while searching a home for which they did not acquire a warrant. Which of the following would prevent the drugs from being used as evidence at trial?

the exclusionary rule

Which of the following attributes of the political cartoon would best represent the government's use of prior restraint?

the fallen pillars

Which of the following provisions of the Bill of Rights could support the actions that César Chávez is encouraging the farmworkers to take?

the right to assemble

ivil rights activists, such as those who campaign for gay and lesbian equal rights and those who advocated for racial equality in the 1950s and 1960s, often find the most effective way to secure those rights is

through litigation in the courts to gain legal protections against discrimination

The free-exercise clause protects

voluntary prayer by student groups before school

The author's main argument is that the Second Amendment

was added to the Constitution to ensure that militias would have arms

The passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a significant political event because it

was instrumental in increasing the number of African American and other minority voters

According to the clear and present danger test, speech may be restricted

when it incites violent action