AP Government and Politics Unit 6 Test: ch.16-18

Social Insurance

programs based on prior contribution to gov., usually in the form of payroll taxes

According to realism, what is the main driver of foreign policy?

promoting a country's self interest

Worries about international competition often lead to domestic producers to call for....

protectionism

Social insurance programs do which of the following?

provide benefits to anyone who is eligible based on past service or prepayments to the government, usually in form of payroll taxes

Policing crime is primarily a matter of which level of government?

state and local

at the time it was passed, which of the following was supported by the same women's groups that has just won ratification of the 19th amendment?

infancy and maternity protection act

means-tested programs

Government programs available only to individuals

Trust

A monopoly that controls goods and services often in combination that reduce competition

Medicare

A national health insurance program for the early and disabled

which program is primarily designed to keep the elderly out of poverty?

social security

which area of the country is generally the last generous in regard to protecting its citizens against economic hardship?

south

Collective bargaining

A method whereby representatives of the union and employer determine wages,hours, and other conditions of employment through direct negotiation.

Union shop

A company in which new employees must join a union within a stated time period

Close shop

A company with a labor agreement under which union within a stated time period

Excise Tax

A consumer tax on specific kind of merchandise,such as tobacco

Labor injunction

A court order forbidding specific individuals or groups from performing certain acts that the courts considers harmful to the rights and property of an employer or a community

Sales tax

A general tax on sales transactions sometimes exempting such items as food and drugs

Tax expenditure

A loss of tax revenue due to federal laws that provide special tax incentives or benefits to individuals or business

Multilateralism

A philosophy that encourages individual nations tacked together to solve international problems.

Unilateralism

A philosophy that encourages individual nations to act on their own when facing threats from other nations.

Bush Doctrine

A policy adopted by the Bush administration in 2001 that asserts America's right to attack any nation that has weapons of mass destruction that might be used against U.S. interests at home or abroad.

Protectionism

A policy of erecting trade barriers to protect domestic industry

Inflation

A rise in the general price level

Environmental impact statement

A statement required by federal law from all agencies for any project using federal funds to assess the potential effect of the new construction or development on the environment

Progressive Tax

A tax graduated so that people with high incomes pay a larger fraction of their income than people with lower incomes

Tariff

A tax levied on imports to help protect a nations industries ,labor ,or farmers from foreign competition. It also can be use to raise additional revenue

Value-added tax (VAT)

A tax on increased value of a product at each stage of production and distribution rather than just at the point of sale

Regressive Tax

A tax whereby people with lower incomes pay a higher fraction of their income than people with higher incomes

Idealism

A theory of international relations that focuses on the hope the nations will act together to solve international problems and promote peace

Realism

A theory of international relations that focuses on the tendency of nations to operate from self-interest.

Theory of deterrence

A theory that is based on creating enough military strength to convince other nations not to attack first.

Laissez faire economics

A theory that opposes government interference in economic affairs beyond what it is necessary to protect life and property

Although the Obama administration favors diplomacy in international affairs, it has shown a willingness to use hard power in...

Afghanistan

Certain tariffs, limits on imported goods, and import regulations limit U.S. consumption of foreign products, which has contributed to the....

Trade deficit

Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

An agency of Congress that analyzes presidential budget recommendations and estimates the costs of proposed legislation

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

An agreement signed by USA,CANADA,AND MEXICO in 1992 to form the largest free trade zone in the world

Keynesian economics

An economic theory based on principles of John Maynard Keynes stating that government spending should increase during business slumps ams be curbed during booms

Trade deficit

An imbalance in international trade in which the value of imports exceeds the value of exports

World Trade Organization (WTO)

An international organization with more than 130 members that seeks to encourage free trade by setting rules for fair competition

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

An international trade agreements that seeks to lower the barriers to free trade

Monopoly

Domination of an industry by a single company

Corporate social responsibility

Efforts by corporations to improve their reputations by paying attention to their contributions to the social good

Antitrust legislation

Federal laws that prevented a monopoly from dominating an industry and restraining

entitlement programs

Government benefits that certain qualified individuals are entitled to by law, regardless of need ex: disaster relief

Fiscal policy

Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling taxes and spending

Monetary policy

Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling the amount of money in circulation through interest rates

Food stamps, medicare, and medicaid programs were all developed out of which of Lyndon B. Johnson's programs?

Great Society

Medicare is a program in which policy area?

Health policy

....are one of the most important tools that monetary policy uses to affect the overall economy.

Interest rates

Which of the following was a fundamental part of the George W. Bush administration's case for the 2003 war in Iraq?

Iraq had weapons if mass destruction

The Obama administration has argued that it is in the world's best interests to limit access to nuclear materials, which is an example of which of the following policy approaches?

Iraq had weapons of mass destruction

Which of the following is true with respect to Keynesian economic policy?

Keynesian economic policy relies on taxation and expenditures by government to control unemployment

The Great society is associated with which president?

Lyndon B. Johnson

What is the main foreign or defense policy threat posed by Iran?

Nuclear capabilities

Why might implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act be difficult?

Parts of the law requires the state to implement it

Which of the following provides an explanation for why medicare costs have risen in recent years?

People live longer today than they did in the past

social welfare policies

Policies that provide benefits to individuals, either through entitlements or means-testing

The primary purpose of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was to ___.

Prevent monopolies, break up those that exist, and ensure competition

Mandatory spending

Required spending under the federal budget

Discretionary spending

Spending that can be altered by congressional and presidential action

Which of these resulted from the Great Depression?

The federal government assumed new responsibilities for the management of economic matters

What entity is responsible for setting the federal funds rate in the United States?

The federal reserve board

Income inequality

The amount after tax income that the richest individuals and families control when compared to the amount that the poorest control

Federal funds rate

The amount of interest banks charge for loans to each other

Internationalism

The belief that nations must engage in international problem solving.

Budget deficit

The condition that exists when the federal government raises less revenue than it spends

Isolationism

The desire to avoid international entanglement altogether.

Laissez-faire economics holds what to be true?

The government should not take an active role in the economy

Which of the following best describes the main difficulty that has been encountered in implementing the No Child Left Behind Act?

The law did not provide any way for children who are attending failing schools to move to higher-performing schools

Unemployment

The number of Americans who are out of work but actively looking for a job

Office of Management (OMB)

The presidential staff agency that serves as a clearinghouse for budgetary requests and management improvements for government agencies

Soft power

The reliance on diplomacy and negotiation to solve international problems.

Hard power

The reliance on economic and military strength to solve international problems.

Federal Reserve System

The system created by Congress in 1913,to establish banking practices and regulate currency in circulation and the amount of credit available

Wealth

The total amount of economic assets such as income, property, and investments

National debt

The total amount of money the federal government has borrowed to finance deficit spending throughout the years

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The value of all goods and services produced by an economy during a specific period of time such as a year

Which of the following accurately described the war in Iraq?

The war lasted longer than the Bush administration expected.

Normal trade relations

Trade status granted as part of an international trade policy that gives a nation the same favorable trade concessions and tariffs that the best trading partners receive.

The....provides an international forum for reaching trade agreement and resolving disputes among its members.

WTO

Social Security

a combination of entitlement programs paid for by employer and employer taxes, that includes retirement benefit, health insurance, ans support disabled works and the children of deceased

Medicaid

a federal program that provide medical benefits for low-income people

which of the following would be considered a regulatory policy?

a food safety policy

Preemption

a policy of taking action before the U.S is attacked rather than waiting for provocation

Public assistance

aid to the poor "welfare" (requires to disclose all financial assets-provides jobs, housing subsides and food aids)

which of the following is true of social security benefits and tax receipts over time?

benefits and tax receipts have increased

regulatory legislation at the start of the 20th century primarily dealt with....

business monopolies

which agency is in charge of implementing the affordable care act, colloquially known as obamacare?

centers for medicare and medicaid services

one criticism of government regulation of the economy is that the regulations themselves can raise the cost of economic activity, also known as.....

compliance costs

generally regulations exist to....

control the behavior of corporations, other government or citizens

which of the following is one way in which the federal government seeks to regulate the economy?

decreasing tax expenditures

Economic Sanction

denial for export, import, or financial relations with a target country in an effort to change that nation's policy

which of the following was the biggest contributor to the economic crisis that began in 2008?

deregulation of the investment banking industry

what is the purpose of deregulation in the American political economy?

deregulation seeks to remove inefficient barriers to productivity and growth

which of the following is an example of corporate social responsibility?

encouraging employees to volunteer by giving them extra days of paid leave

What was requires under the Northwest Ordinance 1785?

every township had to set aside land for a public school

The federal Bureau of investigation (FBI) is charged with doing which of the following?

gathering and reporting evidence in matters related to federal criminal laws

What has been the effect of the earned income tax credit (EITC)?

it has clearly reduced poverty rates among low-income workers

Which of the following is true of the Affordable Care act, colloquially known as Obama care?

it involves a national takeover of healthcare

When three years after the Bush Doctrine was announced, the bush administration changed course and began working to bring other nations such as russia, France, Germany into the debate over issues in the Middle East, what policy approach was being used?

multilateralism

During the Cold war, the notion of......, sometimes called MAD kept both the United States and the Soviet Union from using their nuclear weapons, but also kept each on constant alert in case the other dared to act first .

mutual assured destruction

social policy programs aimed at improving the quality of life are usually distributed by which of the following standards?

need

which of the following could be considered an example of "corporate welfare"?

providing homeowners relief from foreclosure

if congress adopts a policy to make cars more fuel efficient, they have adopted a...

regulatory policy

Which of the following would be the type of action taken by a U.S president who is a realist?

requesting a large increase in defense funding to strengthen the armed force and build more nuclear weapons in order to protect and secure the nation

social security is aimed at what group of people?

seniors

Which of the following is referred to as the "big bang" of social policy?

the New Deal

Which of the following is true of the federal government's role in education?

the federal government addresses issues of inequality and ensures that standards are met

the food stamp program began during what event or period?

the great depression

the social security program was adopted during what event or period?

the great depression

during which period were the first welfare programs created in the U.S?

the late 1800s

social Safety net

the many programs that the federal government provides to protect Americans againts economic and social misfortune

All-Voulenteer Force

the replacement for the draft for recruiting members of the armed service

The first 100 days of the New Deal were remarkable for what reason?

they produced the most significant list of legislation ever passed in U.S history

What is the main purpose of monetary policy?

to affect how much money is available to businesses and banks

why might some businesses lobby for increased regulation by the federal government?

to protect themselves from domestic and foreign competitors

social policy programs account for approximately how much of the federal budget?

two-thirds