ap government chapter 12 the presidency frq's

For power to issue executive orders, explain one way that congressional decision making is affected by that power.

Congress avoids taking action on controversial issues.

For power as commander in chief, explain one way that congressional decision making is affected by that power.

Congress engages in oversight activities

The Constitution grants the president certain enumerated powers. Describe two of these formal powers that enable the president to exert influence over domestic policy.

Legislative powers (veto, pocket veto) state of the union address - gives plans for legislation and the current state of the union

Explain how presidential approval ratings can limit the president's ability to implement foreign policy.

Lower ratings can lead to perceptions of lesser authority or influence, constraining the president's freedom to implement foreign policy

For budgetary power, explain one way that presidential decision making is affected by that power.

Presidents consult with members of Congress during the budget process

For legislative oversight power, explain one way that presidential decision making is affected by that power.

Presidents minimize the number or extent of actions that might draw congressional scrutiny

Explain how elections can limit the president's ability to implement foreign policy.

Presidents must seek re-election

For senate advice and consent power, explain one way that presidential decision making is affected by that power.

Presidents use executive agreements to avoid the need to have treaties ratified.

For veto power, explain one way that congressional decision making is affected by that power.

Prevents or discourages congressional action if the president makes a statement of clear opposition or threatens a veto.

Describe two expressed powers the president has in making foreign policy

making treaties. commander in chief - head of armed forces

Describe a power of the president in chief bureaucrat or chief administrator

manage/oversee the bureaucracy. The president can oversee the bureaucracy in order to make sure everything is running smoothly

describe the primary constitutional conflict between Congress and the President over the decision to go to war

president is commander in chief, yet Congress has power to declare war

Explain how civil service employees limits the president's influence in policy making

bureaucratic discretion - bureaucrats have the ability to shape implementation of public policy

identify 2 formal constitutional powers of the President in making foreign policy

commander in chief make treaties

Describe the influence of divided government on the policy-making process.

control of Congress by one party and control of the presidency by the other makes it difficult to enact legislation

identify 2 formal constitutional powers of Congress in making foreign policy

declare war ratify treaties

Explain how the supreme court limits the president's influence in policy making

declares presidential acts unconstitutional

Describe two enumerated powers Congress has in making foreign policy.

declaring war. treaty ratification.

identify 2 informal powers of the president that contribute to the presidents advantage over Congress in conducting foreign policy

executive agreements agenda setting

explain how executive agreements and agenda setting give the president an advantage over Congress in conducting foreign policy

executive agreements - president can avoid dealing with Congress agenda setting - president decides what is important and may become policy

identify and explain 2 formal powers Congress has over war making

impeachment. passing laws - by sending bills and having them pass through Congress and the president

describe 2 provisions of the War Powers Resolution that were designed to limit the President's power over war making

president must notify Congress within 48 hours of sending troops into combat. Conflicts are limited to 60 days unless Congress changes that

identify 2 factors that decrease presidential approval ratings. explain why each factor has that effect

presidential scandals - people don't want their leader to be involved in a scandal expectations gap - president comes into office with large expectations and promises, can't make them realities.

Explain how executive agreements expand the president's ability to implement foreign policy.

they can be entered into by just the president (no interference from Congress)

Describe a power of the president in chief legislator

veto. if the president doesn't like a bill he can veto it