AP Government Chp. 19 Vocab
Affirmative Action
Designing remedies for overcoming racism and sexism by taking race and sex into account
Buffer Zone
Device used, and upheld by the Court to address concerns about protestors at abortion clinics
NOW
a leading feminist organization
Civil Rights
The rights of citizens to vote, recieve equal treatment before the law, and share benefits of public facilities.
Nonviolent Civil Disobedience
a philosphy of peaceful violation laws considered unjust and accepting punishment for the violation
Roe v. Wade
a ruling that declared all state laws prohibiting abortion unconstitutional
Rostker v. Goldberg
a ruling that held the Congress may draft men but not women
Freedom of Choice
a school integration plan mandating no particular racial balance
Plessy v. Ferguson
a supreme court decision upholding state enforced racial segregation
NAACP
a black interest group active primarily in the courts
Aliens
any persons who are not U.S. citizens
Preferential Treatment
giving minorities preference in hiring, promotions, college admissions, and contracts
Suspect Classification
A legal distinction that the Supreme Court scrutinizes especially closely
Brown v. Board of Education
A Supreme Court descision declaring segregated inherently unequal
Bakke
A Supreme Court ruling stating that a college may not use an explicit numerical quota in admitting minorities but could "take race into account"
Martin Luther King Jr.
An early nonviolent leader in black civil rights
Compensatory Action
Helping disadvantaged people catch up, usually by giving them extra eduacation, training, or services.
Reed v. Reed
Landmark case declaring gender discrimination a violation under the Equal Protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and asserting the resonableness standard for such discrimination
Griswold v. Connecticut
Landmark case in which the Court first found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution
Hyde Amendment
Legislation that barred the use of the federal funds for nearly any abortion.
Equality of Results
distributing desired things equally to the races
Southern Manifesto
document signed by over 100 members of Congress complaining of "abuse of judicial power"
Equality of Opportunity
offering the races an equal chance at desired things
Norma McCorvey
original litigant in Roe who, today is an outspoken opponent of abortion
Reconstruction
post-civil war era when southern laws protected blacks' freedoms
De Jure Segregation
segregation created by law
De Facto Segregation
segregation that exists by that was not created by law
Strict Scrutiny
the standard by which the Supreme Court judges classifications based on race; they must have a compelling public purpose
Separate-but-Equal Doctrine
the standard under which the court once upheld racial segregation
Reasonableness
the standards by which the court judges gender-based classifications
Reverse Discrimination
the use of race or sex to giver preferential treatment to blacks or women