AP HUG UNIT 3 CHAPTER 8 MCQ/FRQ

Which best describes the difference between ethnicity and nationality?

A. Nationality relates to a state while ethnicity relates to culture.

Which was the most common religious change among Africans as a result of contact with people from Europe and the Middle East?

A. from animism to a universalizing religion

This map shows the spread of

B. Buddhism

Which type of influence has been most significant in shaping the distribution of religious groups in the United States?

B. immigrant patterns

Based on its architecture, the worship site in the picture is probably used by people of which religious tradition?

C. Islam

Which general conclusion about the expansion diffusion of the religion does the map most strongly support?

C. It is aided by the presence of a major trade route

F. Define the concept of cultural landscape

Cultural landscape is the human imprint of a group when they manipulate or change the land. For instance, the culture landscape of Islamic countries usually consists of minarets which are beacons that surround a mosque that call for prayer 5 times a day.

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are alike in that they all

D. trace their heritage to Abraham

D. Explain how hierarchical diffusion helped the spread of Christianity.

Hierarchical diffusion is when something is spread from powers of wealth. Christianity started to spread from the Roman Empire. It diffused with leaders of power as well as missionaries. For example, during the Age of Exploration, voyages were paid off for conquistadors to help spread Christianity into the Americas. Many Native Americans were forced to convert into Christianity.

B. Identify ONE religion that originated in South Asia and a country in the world today where the majority of people follow the religion.

One religion that originated in South Asia is Hinduism. The majority of Hindus live in India.

A. Identify ONE religion that originated in Southwest Asia and a country today where the majority of people follow the religion.

One religion that originated in Southwest Asia is Islam in the Arabian Peninsula. The majority of Muslims, 12.7%, currently live in Indonesia.

G. Describe one specific way that when a religion diffuses to a new area it can change the culture landscape.

One specific way is when they infused their food preferences in restaurants or food markets. For example, Hindus do not eat beef. They do not eat beef because they believe that animals that do not chew their cud or have cloven feet are unclean. In India where the Hindus are predominately located, the McDonalds' menu consists of vegetarian food choices. This is called having a certain food taboo. Where people avoid certain foods based off their beliefs.

E. Describe how relocation diffusion explains the spread of either Hinduism or Judaism.

Relocation diffusion is when people relocate to another area. The Jews had to relocate multiple times because they constantly face religious persecution. During The Jewish Diaspora in 722 B.C.E., Babylonians conquered Israel which caused the Jews to relocate to North Africa. Then the Roman Empire conquered Israel which caused the Jews to relocate the Africa, Europe, and Asia. During WW2, they were force to relocate to North America. Today they live in the United States and Israel.

C. Describe the ways universalizing and ethnic religions differ.

Universalizing religions seek to convert people into their religion or faith. Most of these religions diffuse through relocation diffusion and expansion diffusion. For instance, Christianity is a universalizing religion. The British empire was heavily Christian and around the 1600s and 1700s, they went overseas to multiple continents to spread their religion. In Africa, many religions were animism but when the British came, they forced Christianity into the region. Ethnic religions tend to stay within the religion's hearth. They usually diffuse through relocation diffusion. For example, the Jews had to relocate multiple times because they constantly face religious persecution. During the Jewish Diaspora 722 B.C.E., The Babylonians conquered Israel which caused the Jews to relocate to North Africa. During WW2, they were force to relocate to North America. Today they live in the United States and Israel.