AP Lang Final

In the fourth paragraph, the author includes a quotation by Einstein primarily to

appeal to the authority of a figure whom her audience is likely to respect

The writer would like to introduce the quotation in sentence 6 (reproduced below) in a way that best relates it to the argument presented in the passage. In addition to its seeming economic potential, the bridge itself is a stunning sight, and though concerned about the environmental impact, Claudia Mo says, "It links Hong Kong to China almost like an umbilical cord. You see it, and you know you're linked up to the motherland." Which of the following versions of the underlined portion of sentence 6 best supports this goal?

as Hong Kong resident Claudia Mo acknowledges:

Assonance

takes place when two or more words, close to one another repeat the same vowel sound, but start with different consonant sounds. Ex) "Men sell the wedding bells." The same vowel sound of the short vowel "-e-" repeats itself in almost all the words, excluding the definite article. The words do share the same vowel sounds, but start with different consonant sound

Which version of sentence 5 (reproduced below) works together most effectively with the other sentences in the paragraph to help establish the thesis? This piecemeal celebration is not enough, though.

As it is now)

15) By pulling us out of our habitual ways of thinking and communicating, art provides us with opportunities to renew and even create connections to a larger society. Throughout the passage the writer wants to make sure to acknowledge sources used as evidence. Which of the following revisions should the writer make?

In sentence 1, changing "In 2016," to "In a 2016 essay published by the World Economic Forum,"

Epanalepsis

Is the repetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning of the clause; it tends to make the sentence or clause stand apart from its surroundings Ex:"The king is dead; long live the king!"

In the third sentence of the first paragraph, the author refers to "statewide changes" in obesity rates to illustrate which of the following claims about obesity?

Its incidence is increasing very rapidly.

The writer is considering deleting sentence 7 (reproduced below) from the passage. Kennedy's transformation and display of sayings such as "higher the hair, closer to heaven" celebrated the daily experiences of salon patrons. Should the writer keep or delete the sentence?

Keep it, because it provides commentary that helps explain how the example of Kennedy's artwork is significant in relation to the passage's overall argument.

The writer is considering adding the following sentence after sentence 6. These inhabitants should leave their homes because they have been destroyed or otherwise rendered uninhabitable from flooding. Should the writer add this phrase after sentence 6 ?

No, because it makes an ineffective claim that does not require a defense.

Apostrophe

______ in literature is an arrangement of words addressing a non-existent person or an abstract idea in such a way as if it were present and capable of understanding feelings. Ex) Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are. Child speaks to star, inanimate

(4) A few celebrate this new holiday along with Columbus Day, but most celebrate it instead of Columbus Day. (5) This piecemeal celebration is not enough, though. (6) To truly honor the indigenous population of the United States, Indigenous Peoples' Day should be recognized as a federal holiday. Which of the following most likely states the writer's thesis about the subject?

6

Litotes

A figure of speech that employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, a positive statement expressed by negating its opposite expressions. - Ex) They do not seem the happiest couple around. The ice cream was not too bad. New York is not an ordinary city.

Metonymy

A figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated - Ex) "England decides to keep check on immigration." (England refers to the government.) "The pen is mightier than the sword." (Pen refers to written words, and sword to military force.

In sentence 4 (reproduced below), the writer wants to introduce the example used in sentence 5 in order to integrate it into the writer's overall argument. Which of the following versions of sentence 4 best accomplishes this goal? Artworks created by artists outside of a particular community often do not appeal to members of that community because of a lack of connection between the artists and their intended audience.

Art can play a unique role in starting conversations and cultivating group pride by representing communities to themselves.

16) The North Cascades were the ideal spot to resettle the goats. (17) As goats are native to the region, the habitat is better suited to their eating habits. (18) Resettled in the remote parts of the park, where salt licks are plentiful and hikers are scarce, the goats will likely regain their natural wariness of people. (19) Additionally, an influx of goats to the park will boost the decreasing native population and introduce more genetic diversity. The writer wants to add a thesis statement after sentence 5. Which of the following choices best reflects the writer's main claim?

This complicated removal process is imperative for the well-being of the goats, the safety of human visitors, and the preservation of the park's ecosystem.

From the data in this article and in standard food composition tables, I estimate that CSFII respondents reported increases in the portion sizes of orange juice by about 1 ounce (15 kcal), of soft drinks by 2 ounces (25 kcal), of fruit drinks by 2 ounces (30 kcal), of wine by about 1.5 ounces (30 kcal), and of beer by an astounding 8 ounces (96 kcal). Although these numbers are not large (except for beer), an increase of 25 kcal/day from soft drinks alone comes to more than 9,000 kcal per year—an amount approaching a 3-pound weight gain. Even if the decreases reported for some foods are correct, they are more than offset by the larger number of portions reported as having expanded in that 5-year period. Used by permission. The author is primarily concerned with addressing which of the following issues?

Whether larger serving sizes have contributed to rising obesity rates in the United States

Epiphany

an _____ is that moment in the story where a character achieves realization, awareness, or a feeling of knowledge, after which events are seen through the prism of this new light in the story. Ex) "I used to smoke a lot. Everyone let me know that it was bad for my health however, I didn't pay any notice. One day I saw my two-year-old baby trying to grab a stubbed-out cigarette from the ashtray. Seeing this, it suddenly dawned on me how terrible smoking was, and I stopped smoking."

Elegy

is a form of literature that can be defined as a poem or song in the form of ______ couplets, written in honor of someone deceased. It typically laments or mourns the death of the individual. Ex) Just like a classical epic, an _____ typically starts with the invocation of the muse, and then proceeds by referencing traditional mythology. It often involves a poet who knows how to phrase thoughts imaginatively in the first person.

15) By pulling us out of our habitual ways of thinking and communicating, art provides us with opportunities to renew and even create connections to a larger society. The writer wants to conclude the passage by supporting the specific claim made in sentence 15 with a quotation from Eliasson. Which of the following sentences, if placed after sentence 15, best accomplishes this goal?

As Eliasson puts it, this transformative experience "takes us beyond an us-and-them mentality to a broader idea of what constitutes we."

Antithesis

is a rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect Ex) "Setting foot on the moon may be a small step for a man but a giant step for mankind." The use of contrasting ideas, "a small step" and "a giant step," in the sentence above emphasizes the significance of one of the biggest landmarks of human history.

Anaphora

the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect Ex) "O LORD, rebuke me not in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure. Have mercy upon me, O LORD; for I am weak: O LORD, heal me; for my bones are vexed. My soul is also sore vexed: but thou, O LORD, how long?" The repetition of the phrase "O Lord," attempts to create a spiritual sentiment.

Consonance

Shelly sells seashells by the seashore

In sentence 7 (reproduced below), the writer wants to add the phrase "According to the country's president," to the beginning of the sentence, adjusting capitalization as needed. New islands will have to be built to ensure a safe future for its citizens, because the science indicates that Kiribati will go underwater within the century. Should the writer make this addition?

Yes, because it acknowledges the source of the information related in the sentence.

Analogy

A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way. is a comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that is quite different from it. It aims at explaining that idea or thing by comparing it to something that is familiar

Euphemism

______ refers to polite, indirect expressions that replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite, or which suggest something unpleasant. _____ is an idiomatic expression, which loses its literal meanings and refers to something else, in order to hide its unpleasantness Ex) "kick the bucket" describes the death of a person. - In addition, many organizations use the term "downsizing" for the distressing act of "firing" its employees.

Epigram

is a rhetorical device that is a memorable, brief, interesting, and surprising satirical statement. It originated from the Greek word epigramma, which means "inscription," or "to inscribe." Often ingenious or witty statements are considered as _____ , such as this quote by Eleanor Roosevelt: "No one can make you feel inferior without your consent." Ex) "Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put and end to mankind." - John F. Kennedy

Parody

is an imitation of a particular writer, artist, or genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect. The humorous effect in _______ is achieved by imitating and overstressing noticeable features of a famous piece of literature, as in caricatures, where certain peculiarities of a person are highlighted to achieve a humorous effect. Ex) SNL and political figures

Epistle

is a letter in the form of prose or poetry to a particular person or group. It can also be a story or a religious sermon similar to the New Testament letters written by Paul, Peter, and John to their church congregation or a small group of believers. Traditionally, an ______ was written to express love, philosophy, religion, and morality. the writers are free to write in whatever narration, or character they select to write. Etymologically, ______ refers to a letter or written communication.

Aphorism

is a statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner. The term is often applied to philosophical, moral, and literary principles. Ex) Youth is a blunder; Manhood a struggle; Old age regret. [Benjamin Disraeli] The man who removes a mountain begins by carrying away small stones. [William Faulkner] Life's tragedy is that we get old too soon and wise too late. [Benjamin Franklin]