ligaments of UE and LE
Ischiofemoral Ligaments (Posteriorly)
-Arises from the ischail part of the acetabular rim -Weakest of all 3 ligaments -Spirals superolaterally to femoral neck, and to medial base of greater trochanter
Ligmenta Flava
-Connects the vertebrae's lamina, and resists their separation, prevents hyperextension.
nuchal ligament
Helps to stabilize head and allows shoulders and head to be more independent. prevents hyper extension.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
-Weaker than the PCL, Relatively poor blood supply -Arises from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia -Extends superiorly, posteriorly, and laterally to attach to the posterior part, on the medial side of the lateral condyle on femur
Transverse ligament of the atlas
A strong band extending between the tubercles on the medial aspects of the lateral masses of the C1 vertebrae
Anterior longitudinal ligament
A strong, broad fibrous band that covers and connects the anterolateral aspects of the vertebral bodies and IV discs, Prevents hyperextension of the vertebral column Maintaining stability of the joints between the vertebral bodies, The only ligament that limits extension!
Inferior Band Tension
Anterior Band = Abduction and External Rotation, Posterior Band= Abduction and Internal Rotation
Pubofemoral Ligament (Anteriorly and Inferiorly)
Arises from obturator crest of pubic bone, passes laterally and inferiorly to fibrous layer of joint capsule -Blends with medial part of Iliofemoral ligament -Tightens during extension and abduction of hip joint -Prevents over abduction of hip joint
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Weakly resists hyperflexion of the vertebral column -Helps prevent or redirect posterior herniation of the nucleus pulposus - It is well provided with nociceptive (pain) nerve endings
Annular Ligament of Radius
attached to anterior and posterior radial notch of ulna, encircles head of radius drawing it in close to ulna.
Coracohumeral Ligament goes from
base of coracoid process to anterior part of greater tubercle
inter transverse ligament
between transverse processes, prevents hyperextension.
Acromioclavicular Ligament
connect acromion to clavicle
CoracoClavicular Ligament
connect coracoid process to clavicle
Conoid Ligament
connects to conoid tubercle of inferior clavicle
Patella retinacula
makes up joint capsule of the knee on each side of the patella, Main Role → Maintaining alignment of the patella
Radial collateral ligament
radial styloid to scaphoid
Palmar radiocarpal ligaments pass from
radius to prox and distal rows of carpals
ulnar collateral ligament
ulnar styloid to triquetrum
3 Bands of Medial (ulnar) collateral ligament
(Anterior= strong, cord like) (Posterior= weak, fan like) (Oblique= deepens socket for trochlea of humerus)
Alar ligament
(behind cruciate ligament) prevent excessive rotation, Extend from the sides of the dens to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum • These short, rounded cords attach the cranium to the C1 vertebra and serve as check ligaments, preventing excessive rotation at the joints.
Medial Ligament (Deltoid Ligament)
-Fans out from medial malleoulus, attaches distally to talus, calcaneous, and navicular via 4 ligaments
Calcaneofibular Ligament
-Round cord -tip of the lateral malleolus to lateral surface of calcaneus, emphasized because of ankle sprains.
Tibial Collateral Ligament (TCL, Medial collateral Ligament)
-Strong, flat -Connects to the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia -At the midpoint, the deep fibers of the TCL are firmly attached to the medial meniscus -Weaker than the FCL -Bc of this attachment, the TCL and medial meniscus are commonly torn together
Anterior Talofibular Ligament
-flat weak band -lateral malleolus to neck of talus
Posterior Talofibular Ligament
-thick, fairly strong band -lateral fibula to lateral tubercle of talus
Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint
Allows movement of the head of the radius on the ulna
supraspinous ligament
Connects tips of spinous processes (C7 to sacrum), prevents hyperextension.
Triangular Ligament
Binds ends of ulna and radius together
Transverse Humeral Ligament
Bridges intertubercular sulcus, runs from greater to lesser tubercle
Iliofemoral Ligament (Anterior and Superior, Y shaped)
Connects to AIIS, connects proximally to acetabular rim, connects distally to intertrochanteric line, Bodys strongest ligament, prevents hyperextension of knee
Coracoacromial Ligament
Coracoacromial Arch (Protective structure formed by acromion and coracoid process with coracoacromial ligament spanning between) Prevents superior displacement of humeral head
Middle Band Tension
External Rotation
Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligaments
Fan Like, extends from lateral epicondyle and blends with annular ligament of radius
Superior Band Tension
Full adduction
Glenohumeral Ligament (3 bands, strengthen joint capsule anteriorly)
Radiates laterally and inferiorly from glenoid labrum to anatomical neck of humerus
Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint
Radius moves around a relatively fixed distal ulna
Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint Articulations
Rounded head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch on medial radius
The fibular collateral ligament (FCL; lateral collateral ligament)
Strong cord-like ligament, lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the fibular head, The tendon of the popliteus passes deep to the FCL, separating it from the lateral meniscus, splits tendon of bicep femoris.
Spring ligament (calcaneus -navicular)
Supports the medial longitudinal arch, Recoils storing and release energy, spans the talus, calcaneus and navicular
Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligament
Triangle Like, extends from medial epicondyle to olecranon and coronoid process of ulna
Trapezoid Ligament
more lateral to conoid ligament, connects to inferior clavicle
The Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
starts at posterior tibia → anterior femur, The PCL passes superiorly and anteriorly on the medial side of the ACL to attach to the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur, Anterior rolling of the femur on the tibial plateau during extension, converting it to spin Prevents the femur from rolling off the front during extension, Anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia or posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur, Prevent hyperflexion of the knee joint stabilizing factor for the femur.
Glenohumeral Ligament
strengthens capsule anteriorly
Coracohumeral Ligament
strengthens capsule superiorly
the joint capsule of the wrist is strengthened by
strong dorsal and palmar radiocarpal ligaments