ligaments of UE and LE

Ischiofemoral Ligaments (Posteriorly)

-Arises from the ischail part of the acetabular rim -Weakest of all 3 ligaments -Spirals superolaterally to femoral neck, and to medial base of greater trochanter

Ligmenta Flava

-Connects the vertebrae's lamina, and resists their separation, prevents hyperextension.

nuchal ligament

Helps to stabilize head and allows shoulders and head to be more independent. prevents hyper extension.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

-Weaker than the PCL, Relatively poor blood supply -Arises from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia -Extends superiorly, posteriorly, and laterally to attach to the posterior part, on the medial side of the lateral condyle on femur

Transverse ligament of the atlas

A strong band extending between the tubercles on the medial aspects of the lateral masses of the C1 vertebrae

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A strong, broad fibrous band that covers and connects the anterolateral aspects of the vertebral bodies and IV discs, Prevents hyperextension of the vertebral column Maintaining stability of the joints between the vertebral bodies, The only ligament that limits extension!

Inferior Band Tension

Anterior Band = Abduction and External Rotation, Posterior Band= Abduction and Internal Rotation

Pubofemoral Ligament (Anteriorly and Inferiorly)

Arises from obturator crest of pubic bone, passes laterally and inferiorly to fibrous layer of joint capsule -Blends with medial part of Iliofemoral ligament -Tightens during extension and abduction of hip joint -Prevents over abduction of hip joint

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Weakly resists hyperflexion of the vertebral column -Helps prevent or redirect posterior herniation of the nucleus pulposus - It is well provided with nociceptive (pain) nerve endings

Annular Ligament of Radius

attached to anterior and posterior radial notch of ulna, encircles head of radius drawing it in close to ulna.

Coracohumeral Ligament goes from

base of coracoid process to anterior part of greater tubercle

inter transverse ligament

between transverse processes, prevents hyperextension.

Acromioclavicular Ligament

connect acromion to clavicle

CoracoClavicular Ligament

connect coracoid process to clavicle

Conoid Ligament

connects to conoid tubercle of inferior clavicle

Patella retinacula

makes up joint capsule of the knee on each side of the patella, Main Role → Maintaining alignment of the patella

Radial collateral ligament

radial styloid to scaphoid

Palmar radiocarpal ligaments pass from

radius to prox and distal rows of carpals

ulnar collateral ligament

ulnar styloid to triquetrum

3 Bands of Medial (ulnar) collateral ligament

(Anterior= strong, cord like) (Posterior= weak, fan like) (Oblique= deepens socket for trochlea of humerus)

Alar ligament

(behind cruciate ligament) prevent excessive rotation, Extend from the sides of the dens to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum • These short, rounded cords attach the cranium to the C1 vertebra and serve as check ligaments, preventing excessive rotation at the joints.

Medial Ligament (Deltoid Ligament)

-Fans out from medial malleoulus, attaches distally to talus, calcaneous, and navicular via 4 ligaments

Calcaneofibular Ligament

-Round cord -tip of the lateral malleolus to lateral surface of calcaneus, emphasized because of ankle sprains.

Tibial Collateral Ligament (TCL, Medial collateral Ligament)

-Strong, flat -Connects to the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia -At the midpoint, the deep fibers of the TCL are firmly attached to the medial meniscus -Weaker than the FCL -Bc of this attachment, the TCL and medial meniscus are commonly torn together

Anterior Talofibular Ligament

-flat weak band -lateral malleolus to neck of talus

Posterior Talofibular Ligament

-thick, fairly strong band -lateral fibula to lateral tubercle of talus

Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint

Allows movement of the head of the radius on the ulna

supraspinous ligament

Connects tips of spinous processes (C7 to sacrum), prevents hyperextension.

Triangular Ligament

Binds ends of ulna and radius together

Transverse Humeral Ligament

Bridges intertubercular sulcus, runs from greater to lesser tubercle

Iliofemoral Ligament (Anterior and Superior, Y shaped)

Connects to AIIS, connects proximally to acetabular rim, connects distally to intertrochanteric line, Bodys strongest ligament, prevents hyperextension of knee

Coracoacromial Ligament

Coracoacromial Arch (Protective structure formed by acromion and coracoid process with coracoacromial ligament spanning between) Prevents superior displacement of humeral head

Middle Band Tension

External Rotation

Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligaments

Fan Like, extends from lateral epicondyle and blends with annular ligament of radius

Superior Band Tension

Full adduction

Glenohumeral Ligament (3 bands, strengthen joint capsule anteriorly)

Radiates laterally and inferiorly from glenoid labrum to anatomical neck of humerus

Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint

Radius moves around a relatively fixed distal ulna

Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint Articulations

Rounded head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch on medial radius

The fibular collateral ligament (FCL; lateral collateral ligament)

Strong cord-like ligament, lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the fibular head, The tendon of the popliteus passes deep to the FCL, separating it from the lateral meniscus, splits tendon of bicep femoris.

Spring ligament (calcaneus -navicular)

Supports the medial longitudinal arch, Recoils storing and release energy, spans the talus, calcaneus and navicular

Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligament

Triangle Like, extends from medial epicondyle to olecranon and coronoid process of ulna

Trapezoid Ligament

more lateral to conoid ligament, connects to inferior clavicle

The Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

starts at posterior tibia → anterior femur, The PCL passes superiorly and anteriorly on the medial side of the ACL to attach to the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur, Anterior rolling of the femur on the tibial plateau during extension, converting it to spin Prevents the femur from rolling off the front during extension, Anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia or posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur, Prevent hyperflexion of the knee joint stabilizing factor for the femur.

Glenohumeral Ligament

strengthens capsule anteriorly

Coracohumeral Ligament

strengthens capsule superiorly

the joint capsule of the wrist is strengthened by

strong dorsal and palmar radiocarpal ligaments