AP Lit Short Story Test

GCP - theme of manipulation

- "Because, he said, it's what makes you different. You ain't like anybody else." (14) The boy uses phrases as such in order to entrance her emotions as no one has before in order to manipulate her into submission and to be willing to do more things. - The boy pretends to have a disability which in turn is a way to make Hulga more open with him. Hulga had been misunderstood by those around her for most of her life, having someone else who also faces the same challenges as her is relieving. The salesman takes advantage of this and uses this as a way to make her trust him.

GCP - theme of domination

- Mrs. Hopewell continues to call Hulga by her previous name "Joy". She perceives her new name as "ugly" and describes it as sounding like "the broad bank of the hull of a battleship". - Hulga would use her education to make herself "suppier" to those "less than", for example, she makes it known she has degrees. She would read all day instead of meeting nice young men because "She looked at nice young men as if she could smell their stupidity" (6).

GCP - themes of false identity

- The bible salesman who is actually a con artist, portrays an image of innocence vs. his true intentions; pretends to love Hulga in order to "rape" her - The name "Joy" is a false identity for Hulga because she has a pessimistic outlook on the world and believes herself to be mature; she doesn't want to put on an outward appearance of joy when she is really not joyful; ironic because in the end, she is portrayed as innocent, vulnerable, and overly trusting. - Joy changing her name to Hulga; she attempts to create an identity that is serious, independent, educated, "ugly" - Hulga lying about her age in order to "seduce" the salesman - Mrs. Hopewell seeing Joy/Hulga as a child while she sees herself as an adult, in the end is vulnerable and innocent like a child -Mrs. Hopewell and Mrs. Freeman see themselves as being good at reading people, but they are wrong about the Bible salesman/con artist

Hour - Mrs. Mallard's actions: "She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister's arms"

- cared for her husband - upset by his death

Hour - Mrs. Mallard's actions: "Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul"

- exhaustion from her marriage - overwhelmed and shocked

hills - ending

- girl smiles at american: wants to make him happy by doing what he wants - man: thinks the girl is unreasonable and over reacting - decides to get the abortion in the end

hills - significance of the heavy bags

- heave bags = heavy decision - finality in moving them

Hour - Mrs. Mallards thoughts: "She new that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked with loe save upon her, fixed and gray and dead."

- husband doesn't love her and but still has compassion for him

Hour - Mrs. Mallard's dialogue: "Free, Body and Soul free!!"

- husband oppresses her -free of him and her marriage -can live how she wants now - new sense of freedom - no longer trapped

Hour - Mrs. Mallards thoughts: "She breathed a quick prater that life might be long; it was only yesterday that she had thought with a shudder than life might be long."

- life ie just beginning for her - free to live her own way/ life

hills - "Across on the other side, were fields of grain and trees along the banks of the ebro. far away, beyond the river, were mountains. the shadow of a cloud oved across the field of grain and she saw the river between the fields."

- one side lush, one side dead: outcome of her two choices - only she is able to see both sides, the man is not - cloud: ultimate death of the baby

hills - symbolism of white elephant

- pregnant women look like white elephants - white elephant is something that you can't get rid of: represents impossibility of the choice

Hour - Mrs. Mallard what others say: "When the doctor came they said she had died of heart disease - of joy that kills."

- think she dies of joy, but actually dies of sadness/heartbreak that she isn't free anymore - misunderstood by those around her

GCP - Joy/Hulga characterization

- thinks shes seducing Manly Pointer - acts out of childish impulses - highly educated but also dumb -acts as she is a child when she is actually an adult - naive to a point of ignorance

Hills setting meaning

- valley ebro is hot dry, not life - contrast between shade of train station and no shade of valley - setting reflects the mood and conflict

Hour - Mrs. Mallard what others say: "Louise open the door! You will make yourself ill"

- worried about Mrs. Mallard's mental state - thinks she wants to be alone with her grief

Hour - Mrs. Mallard descriptions : "But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely"

-more hopefully after death -trapped but now free

Hour - Mrs. Mallard descriptions: "Knowing Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart condition, great care was taken to break to hr as gently as possible the new of her husband's death"

-sick -fragile -widowed -physically ill

in the story of the short happy life of franci macomber, Francis is 35. Wilson talks about men at the age of 21. What is the significance of this?

21 = reason and responsibility. He does not become a man until he is 35.

in the short happy life of francis macomber, at this point, what do you think happened this morning on their first hunt?

During this hunt, I think that their hunt was unsuccessful and that he was a coward.

in the story of the short happy life of francis macomber, find the description of Francis Macomber. what does he look like? how old is he? how could that be significant?

Francis Macomber is described as "very tall, very well built if you did not mind that length of bone, dark, his hair cropped like an oarsman, rather thin-lipped, and was considered handsome." He is 35 years old.

in the story of the short happy life of francis macomber, on pages 14 and 15, there is a description of how Macomber and Wilson shoot the buffalo. Summarize it. How does it differ from the shooting of the lion?

Francis had no fear just anger and hatred toward Wilson so he raised his rifle from the car. Francis actually shot well with the buffalo and would not stop shooting.

GCP - "She had a vision of the name working like the ugly sweating Vulcan who stayed in the furnace and to whom, presumably, the goddess had to come when called."

From narrator, expressing Hulga's thoughts Develops Hulga's character - shows how she wants an ugly name and stick it to her mom

in the story of the short life of francis macomber, how does Hemingway reveal that Macomber has changed after this killing? How does Hemingway reveal that both Margot and Wilson notice?

He changed after this killing by developing pride and strength. He feels a drunken elation. He is no longer the coward who was easily bullied and manipulated by Margot in the beginning of the story. He becomes the ideal male Hemingway character. Wilson said he is now a 'fire eater'. Margot sees the change and becomes ill.

in the short happy life of francis macomber, look at page 4, first paragraph where it starts "Oh anything." What's Wilson talking about when he says to himself, "They are the hardest in the world..."Read the rest of the paragraph. What is he talking about and what does it reveal about him?

He is talking about women. It reveals that he thinks women should be in charge and that power can sometimes be a bit ugly to see. He uses women.

GCP - Pointer characterization

He is very good at manipulating others' perceptions of him and people still see him as an upstanding gentleman While he had an innocent facade, he had malicious intent. He was a con man who deceived Hulga. Creates irony because he is initially portrayed as a Bible salesman but then claims he does not 'believe in anything'

in the story the short happy life of francis macomber, how does Macomber plan to clean up his reputation? (page 5) How does this cowardice relate to the rest of his life?

He plans to clean up his reputation by going out and hunting the buffalo. He feels as if he is not enough. Catching and killing the buffalo, coward in his life bc he does not stand up to his wife and she cheats on him.

in the short happy life of francis macomber, go back over the story and look at the seating arrangements in the car. What does Hemingway reveal?

He reveals that they are close, but distant and that Wilson is in charge.

in the story of the short happy life of francis macomber, Wilson has a "code" which he breaks several times. Cite examples.

He won't sleep with the wives but he does. Can't shoot from cars but he does.

in the story of the short happy life of francis macomber, On page 10 Hemingway describes Macomber and the lion after the shooting. How do they contrast?

In the beginning, Wilson may have been afraid, but he went after the lion and shot it. Now, the lion was hurt, but was preparing to attack the men and now it was Macomber who was running.

in the story of the short happy life of francis macomber, why does Wilson quote Shakespeare? (page 17)

It is about courage and fear. Once you accept it, you have no fear.

the the story of the short happy life of francis macomber, n page 14 there is a description of Wilson. What does it say about his standards?

It says that he hunted for a certain clientele, the international, fast, sporting set, where the women did not feel they were getting their money's worth unless they had shared that cot with the white hunter. He despised them when he was away from them although he liked some of them well enough at the time, but he made his living by them; and their standards were his standards as long as they were hiring him. These were his standards except the shooting.

GCP - "In my economy," she said, "I am saved and you are damned..."

Joy discussing her personal religious beliefs, saying that she does not believe in God Develops Hulga's character Hulga is critical of religious beliefs and thinks she is better than religious people for being a "realistic" person; she thinks that people like the Bible salesman are hypocrites Demonstrates her naiveté; initially believed that she was smarter than Manly Pointer due to his religious beliefs

GCP - "Woman! Do you ever look inside? Do you ever look inside and see what you are not? God! ... Malebranche was right: we are not our own light!"

Joy saying this about her mother This develops conflict between Joy and Mrs. Hopew ell. Mrs Hopewell judges everyone except for herself. It escaltes the irony of Mrs. Hopewell's tendency to judge others while never judging herself. Joy, since she is a philosopher, believes she is highly educated compared to her mother, looking down on how Mrs. Hopewell thinks and acts

GCP - 5. "It was like losing her own life and finding it again, miraculously, in his."

Joy/Hulga It characterizes her as someone who longs for being wanted.(She wanted to find someone like her) It symbolizes part of herself being taken away. Develops theme of false perceptions → Hulga perceives Manly as someone who is similar to her, but, in reality, he is a conman

GCP - "You can never tell when you need the word of God, Hulga."

Manley Pointer irony → sells Bibles but does not believe in God Verbal Irony → talks about needing the word of God, but actually talks about needing condoms Develops a theme of misinterpreted perception because he brings a Bible and uses it under the guise of needing God but in reality he has condoms/whiskey in the Bible.

GCP - "She saw his blue figure struggling successfully over the green speckled lake."

Manly Pointer being seen by Hulga "Struggling successfully" - after all the effort he made to take her leg he was successful Seems like he is God walking on water (Ironic b/c he is the opposite of God) Helps develop the overall conflict that she doesn't have a leg, therfore, has no way to chase after him Degrading

GCP - theme of control

Manly detaches Joy's leg, making her uncomfortable and further disabling her, putting himself in control of the situation. Without her leg, Joy is nearly immobile and Manly can easily take advantage of her this way. "Without the leg she felt entirely dependent on him" (15). This shows how detaching her leg was completely intentional in the set up of the situation.

in the story of francis macomber, the story can be said to be about the hunter and the hunted. Explain how this applies to the characters as well as the animals.

Margot is hunting Wilson while Wilson knows that Francis knows that he is Margot's prey.

"Some can't be that simple, she said. I know I never could."

Mrs. Freeman Context: while working in the garden with Mrs. Hopewell, she spots Pointer running away, unaware of the events that just occurred The irony of the situation develops the idea that people are much more complex than they appear

in the story of the short happy life of francis macomber, what point of view does Hemingway use? Why?

Omniscient because the reader knew everything that was going on especially with the lion when it was hurt.

in the short story of francis macomber, between pages 11 and 12 more is revealed about Margot. What happened?

She cheated on Macomber with Wilson.

GCP - Mrs. Freeman characterization

She is very efficient and mechanical, wasn't ashamed of anything She's obsessed with unique differences in people and deformities She is fooled by the biblesaleman: "Some can't be that simple...I know I never could" White trash, thinks shes better than everyone else Nosy, described like a truck

in the story of the short happy life of francis macomber, Page 5 begins a flashback. The crew decides to go out to hunt Lion. Macomber makes many small blunders that make him look cowardly. What are some?

Some of the many small blunders that make him look cowardly is the fact that he shows fear in facing the lion.

Analyze the title

The Short Happy Life ....:It is ironic because his life was anything but happy. He died young and lived a short life. It foreshadowed his death, he became happy in a short period of time.

in the story of the short life of francis macomber, the group enters the bush to finish off the animal (pages 18-19). Describe what happens.

The bull comes out at them and Macomber was firing again and again and again. His wife shoots the buffalo and it hit her husband about two inches up and a little to one side of the base of his skull.

in the story of the short happy life of francis macomber, what is the significant difference between Macomber's red face and Francis' red face?

The difference is that Wilson is in the sun a lot and he has a natural red face, but when Francis gets a red face it means he is embarrassed or ashamed.

in the story the short happy life of francis macomber, in regard to question 13, Wilson explains to himself who was at fault. Who was and why?

The person who was at fault was Francis because he thinks that he should keep her where she belongs.

in the story of the short happy life of francis macomber, what is the phrase they use when they want to say a safari went bad?

The phrase is "I'm still drinking their whiskey."

in the short story of the short happy life of francis macomber, On page 11 the state of Francis' and Margot's marriage is revealed. Describe it.

Their relationship is a struggling relationship. Their relationship is based on money. His wife had many chances of leaving him, but did not because of the money. They were known as a comparatively happily married couple. Margot was way too pretty for Macomber to divorce her and she had too much money for her to ever leave him. Since Macomber got scared and ran away, she cheated on him with Wilson. Rumored to be separating and she could have left him, but it is too late.

GCP - 1. "...they were not trash. They were good country people."

This quote comes from the narrator The narrator is explaining the reason why Mrs. Hopewell keeps the Freemans on the farm This develops the theme of false identity

GCP - "Nothing is perfect. This was one of Mrs. Hopewell's favorite sayings...and still another, the most important was: well, other people have their opinions too."

This quote comes from the narrator and it is saying that while Mrs. Hopewell knows nothing is perfect she believes that she is and others are wrong Although she has strong opinions, she recognizes that people have other opinion, too

GCP - Mrs. Hopewell

White trash Claims to be Chrisitian but keeps her bible in the attic doesn't understand/accept her daughter Manley thinks she is easily manipulated she wants people to think highly of her has certain values - uses the saying "good country people," has a certain standard for how people should act/be Believes that she can understand and read people well, but in reality she does not (when she sees Manley Pointer running away from the barn)

in the story of the short happy life of francis macomber, Macomber is the initiated in the story and Wilson is the eacher. Cite some examples of this.

Wilson is the teacher because he always knows how to hunt his prey. He knows that his clients are willing to go for an adventure that they have partly made up in their heads, and he is willing to go along with their fantasy. Macomber is the initiated in the story by showing he has no courage. He does not know anything about hunting.

what is a conflict?

a struggle that the main character must overcome.

what is a short story?

any extended fictional prose.

what is a theme?

central or dominating idea in a work.

what is direct characterization?

commenting directly on the character.

what is exposition?

creates tone, gives setting, introduces characters, and supplies facts necessary to understand the story.

what are the parts of the plot?

exposition, rising action, climax, denouement

what could conflicts be?

external and internal

in the story of the short happy life of francis macomber, find the description of Wilson. what does he look like?

he is described as "the white hunter; he was about middle height with sandy hair, a stubby mustache, a very red face and extremely cold blue eyes with faint white wrinkles at the corners that grooved merrily when he smiled."

what are the methods of characterization?

indirect and direct

GCP - "You're a fine Christian! You're just like them all-say one thing and do another. You're a perfect Christian..."

joy when he reveals his "true" identity to her; she is in denial of the fact that he can be anything other than innocent, religious, moral, etc. Develops the theme of false identities; irony of Manley Pointer claiming to be a "perfect Christian" versus the reality that he is immoral, evil

what is the denouement (resolution)?

occurs at the end of the story. the moment when the conflicts are resolved and the reader knows what is going to happen to the characters.

Example of person vs. self, nature, and person

person -Francis trying to prove himself to his wife, nature - Francis vs. the lion, self - Francis vs. himself

what are conflicts classified as?

person vs. person, person vs. self, and person vs. nature

what is a plot?

planned series of interrelated actions progressing because of the interplay of one force against another.

what is rising action (complication)?

set in motion by the exiting force.

in the story of the short happy life of francis macomber, find the description of Mrs. Macomber. what does she look like?

she is described as "an extremely handsome and well kept woman of the beauty."

what is indirect characterization?

showing the character acting and speaking, giving a physical description of the character, revealing the character's thoughts, and revealing what other character's think about the character.

what is external conflict?

the conflict is against some outside force. the force can be either another character, society or a natural force.

what is internal conflict?

the conflicts take place in the character's mind.

what is characterization?

the creation of imaginary characters so believable that they exist as real for the reader within the limits of fiction.

hills - use of girl vs american

the girl - young, inexperienced, weak the american - has all the power

what is the setting?

the physical background against which the action takes place.

what is the climax?

the turning point in the story for the protagonist.