ap period 2- quiz/ test review

By the 1750's, the British colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A disdain for British constitutional monarchy B many religious denominations C a society without a hereditary aristocracy D a growing number of non-English settlers E acceptance of slavery as a labor system

A

Colonial cities functioned primarily as A mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods B places were most poor immigrants settled and worked as independent artisans C centers where large scale financial and banking operations were conducted D places to which wage earners commuted from numerous surrounding communities E centers of light manufacturing

A

The Halfway Covenant provided for which of the following? A The baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans B The granting of suffrage to non church members C The expansion of women's power within the Congregational church D The granting of full membership in the Congregational church to all New Englanders E The posting of banns by engaged couples

A

Which of the following groups was LEAST likely to respond with enthusiasm to the religious fervor of the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s? A Established merchants in cities like Boston and Philadelphia B Presbyterians in the southern colonies C Backwoods farmers isolated on the colonial frontier D Landless sons in New England communities E Itinerant preachers unable to find permanent parishes for themselves

A

Which of the following was a characteristic of colonial Pennsylvania? A There was no established church. B Founder William Penn endorsed a policy of removing American Indians to the western region of the colony. C Poor farmland in the backcountry aggravated the colony's economic woes. D All White males could vote. E The office of governor was an elective post.

A

- questioned doctrines of Puritan authorities- believed in antinomianism - banished from Bay Colony and founded the colony of Portsmouth

Anne Hutchinson

"Be it enacted ... That after the five and twentieth day of March, 1698, no goods or merchandizes whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa, or America ... in any ship or bottom, but what is or shall be of the built of England, Ireland, or the said colonies or plantations ... and navigated with the masters and three fourths of the mariners of the said places only ... under pain of forfeiture of ships and goods." — English Parliament, Navigation Act, 1696 One direct long-term effect of the Navigation Act was that it A promoted commercial treaties with Spain and France throughout the 1700s B contributed to the rise of opposition that ultimately fostered the independence movement C encouraged colonists in North America to expand trade agreements with American Indians D led to the imposition of heavy taxes on the North American colonists in the early 1700s

B

"The first we heard [while Smith was exploring the James River in May] was that 400 Indians the day before had assaulted the fort and surprised it. . . . With all speed we palisadoed [built barricades around] our fort;... The day before the ship's departure the king of [the] Pamunkey sent [an] Indian... to assure us peace, our fort being then palisadoed round, and all our men in good health and comfort, albeit... it did not so long continue. "[By September] most of our chiefest men [were] either sick or discontented, the rest being in such despair as they would rather starve and rot with idleness than be persuaded to do anything for their own relief without constraint. Our victuals being now within eighteen days spent, and the Indian trade decreasing, I was sent to the mouth of the river to Kegquouhtan, an Indian town, to trade for corn, and try the river for fish, but our fishing we could not effect by reason of the stormy weather. The Indians, thinking us near famished, with careless kindness offered us little pieces of bread and small handfuls of beans or wheat for a hatchet or a piece of copper. In like manner I entertained their kindness and in like... offered them like commodities, but the children, or any that showed extraordinary kindness, I liberally contented with free gift of such trifles as well contented them." John Smith, English explorer relating events in the Virginia colony, 1608 Smith most likely wrote his account for which of the following reasons? A To recruit missionaries to come to the Virginia colony B To increase support for the colony from the monarchy and investors C To promote an alliance between colonists in Virginia and colonists elsewhere in the Americas D To encourage the Virginia colonists to abandon the colony

B

"[God's] wrath towards you burns like fire; He looks upon you as worthy of nothing else, but to be cast into the fire . . . you are ten thousand times more abominable in His eyes, as the most hateful and venomous serpent is in ours. You have offended Him infinitely more than ever a stubborn rebel did his prince. And yet, it is nothing but His hand that holds you from falling into the fire every moment." The quote above is an example of the rhetoric from the A Puritan migration of the 1630s B Salem witch trials of the 1690s C Great Awakening of the 1730s D American Revolution of the 1770s E Mormon migration of the 1840s

B

Colonists from which of the following European nations generally had the most cooperative relations with American Indians? A England B France C Portugal D Spain E The Netherlands

B

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson challenged the authority of which of the following? A Anglican clergy B Puritan magistrates and ministers C Catholic priests and bishops D Baptist ministers E Methodist itinerants

B

The system of indentured labor used during the Colonial period had which of the following effects? A It enabled England to deport most criminals. B It enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America. C It delayed the establishment of slavery in the South until about 1750. D It facilitated the cultivation of cotton in the South. E It instituted social equality.

B

1676; Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkeley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.

Bacon's Rebellion

"Be it enacted ... That after the five and twentieth day of March, 1698, no goods or merchandizes whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa, or America ... in any ship or bottom, but what is or shall be of the built of England, Ireland, or the said colonies or plantations ... and navigated with the masters and three fourths of the mariners of the said places only ... under pain of forfeiture of ships and goods." — English Parliament, Navigation Act, 1696 The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following goals for England's North American colonies? A Developing them as a producer of manufactured goods B Aiding them in developing trade with other European nations C Integrating them into a coherent imperial structure based on mercantilism D Protecting them from American Indian attacks

C

Virginia-Maryland bay area, site of the earliest colonial settlements

Chesapeake

Which of the following characterizes the relationship between church and state for the Puritans who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the seventeenth century? A The colonial government officially supported religious toleration. B Colonial officials strictly separated church and state. C Colonial officials encouraged churches to incorporate Catholic elements of worship. D Ministers held most elected offices. E Church membership was required for voting and holding public office.

E

- Penn wanted his new colony to provide a religious refuge for for Quakers and other persecuted people, to enact liberal ideas in government, and generate income and profits for himself. - He provided the colony with a Frame of Government (1682-1683), which guaranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners, and a written constitution, the Charter of Liberties (1701)

Holy Experiment

1619; An elected lawmaking body, established by the Virginia Company to allow representative government in Virgina

House of Burgesses

Separatists who left England in search of religious freedom and sailed to America on the Mayflower in 1620, established the colony of Plymouth.

Pilgrims

Religious group that settled in Pennsylvania. "Society of friends". Quakers believed in an "inner light" that would guide them toward religious truth.

Quakers

Why was England last to begin colonization in America

Religous conflict

- Puritan minister, banished from the Bay colony by Puritan leaders and founded settlement of Providence - believed human conscience was beyond control of civil or church authority

Roger Williams

1739; South Carolina slave revolt that prompted the colonies to pass stricter laws regulating the movement of slaves and the capture of runaways

Stono Rebellion

What was the French most interested in trading or finding for

furs

Grant of 50 acres of land for each settler brought to Virginia by a colonist. Benefits the wealthy.

headright system

finish the sentence: proteniasm produced

maveriks

Economic system based on trade in which a nation establishes colonies for its own economic benefit.

mercantilism

Which was last to settle into the new world

the English

Mayflower Compact

the first governing document of Plymouth Colony for the pilgrams

crop found in Jamestown

tobacco- found by John Rolfe

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa

triangular trade

1651-1696; Attempt by England to assert its control over American trade by passing a series of laws that regulated colonial trade to England's benefit.

Navigation Acts

colony associated with the holy experiment

Pennsylvania

1636; Conflict between Pequot Indians in Connecticut and the colonists of Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut. The Pequot were defeated and driven from the area.

Pequot War

"Slavery, though imposed and maintained by violence, was a negotiated relationship.... First, even as they confronted one another, master and slave had to concede, however grudgingly, a degree of legitimacy to the other.... [T]he web of interconnections between master and slave necessitated a coexistence that fostered cooperation as well as contestation. Second, because the circumstances of such contestation and cooperation continually changed, slavery itself continually changed. . . . Slavery was never made, but instead was continually remade, for power—no matter how great—was never absolute, but always contingent." Ira Berlin, historian, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America, 1998 Which of the following primary sources would most likely support Berlin's argument in the excerpt? A Data showing the growth of the enslaved population during the 1700s B Records of purchases and sales of slaves from a plantation in the South C Diary entries from a slaveholder discussing plantation life D Speeches about slavery given by officials in the British colonial government

C

"Various are the reports and conjectures of the causes of the present Indian war. Some impute it to an imprudent zeal in the magistrates of Boston to christianize those heathen before they were civilized and enjoining them the strict observation of their laws.... Some believe there have been vagrant and Jesuitical priests, who have made it their business, for some years past, to go from Sachem to Sachem, to exasperate the Indians against the English and to bring them into a confederacy, and that they were promised supplies from France and other parts to extirpate [eradicate] the English nation out of the continent of America." Edward Randolph, report of King Philip's War (Metacom's War) in New England, 1676 Compared with French and Spanish interactions with American Indians, English interaction with American Indians more often promoted A respect for political alliances B cultural blending C separation between the groups D assimilation of Americans Indians into colonial societies

C

In 1735 the New York City trial of editor John Peter Zenger helped establish the principle that A the government had the right to punish its critics in times of war B legislators had no right to interfere with freedom of the press C an editor could not be punished for seditious libel if the editor's words were accurate D a defendant was entitled to a trial by jury E the government had no right to censor newspapers

C

The slaves who participated in the Stono rebellion in South Carolina in 1739 hoped to A take over the colony and end slavery in it B return to Africa by commandeering boats C flee to Florida where the Spanish offered freedom D run away to join Maroon groups living in the backcountry E escape to the North where they would be free

C

Which of the following best describes Deism? A A belief that the course of each individual's life is predestined by God B A concept of toleration advanced by Quaker preachers C The belief that God had created the world but allowed it to operate through the laws of nature D A principle taught in colonial New England colleges E A radical theory encouraging free love and communal living

C

Which of the following happened as a result of Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 ? A Governor William Berkeley abolished Virginia's House of Burgesses. B Virginia passed new laws protecting workers' rights. C Tensions between backcountry farmers and the tidewater gentry were exposed. D Indentured servants received additional free land after fulfilling their terms of service. E The king allowed Virginia colonists to select their own governor.

C

"In 1680 Pueblo leaders united most of their communities against the European intruders....In a matter of weeks, the Pueblos had eliminated Spaniards from New Mexico above El Paso. The natives had killed over 400 of the province's 2,500 foreigners, destroyed or sacked every Spanish building, and laid waste to the Spaniards' fields. There could be no mistaking the deep animosity that some natives, men as well as their influential wives and mothers, held toward their former oppressors.... Some Pueblo leaders...urged an end to all things Spanish as well as Christian. After the fighting subsided, they counselled against speaking Castilian or planting crops introduced by the Europeans." David J. Weber, historian, The Spanish Frontier in North America, 1992 The conflict described in the excerpt led primarily to which of the following changes in Spanish colonial policy? A Scaling back of the Spanish presence in North America B Widespread use of warfare to maintain control of Native Americans C Removal of Native Americans to reservations D Greater accommodation to Native American cultures

D

In the eighteenth century, colonial Virginia and colonial Massachusetts were most alike in that both A relied on the marketing of a single crop B were heavily dependent on slave labor C had an established Anglican church D were royal colonies E administered local government through justice of the peace

D

Settlers who established the British colony in Virginia during the seventeenth century were primarily seeking to A recreate an Old World feudalistic society in the New World B create a perfect religious commonwealth as an example to the rest of the world C create a refuge for political dissidents D profit economically E increase the glory of Great Britain

D

In which of the following British North American colonies was slavery legally established by the early 1700's? A The southern colonies only B The middle and southern colonies only C The tobacco- and rice-growing colonies only D All the colonies except Pennsylvania and the New England colonies E All the colonies

E

A church that is supported by taxes from citizens, regardless of their religious beliefs. The Church of England (Anglican church) became the established church in several colonies

Established Church

who fight aginst each other (beaver wars)

French & Iroquious

1730's-1760's; Evangelical religious revival that swept through Britain's North American colonies. The Great Awakening strengthened beliefs in religious freedom and challenged the status of established churches. Can be tied to the Revolution

Great Awakening

Person who agreed to work for a colonial employer for a specified time in exchange for passage to america.

Indentured Servitude

first permenant english settlement happened in

Jamestown

Who saved Jamestown and what was his policy

John Smith ¨No work no food¨

- founded Massachusetts Bay Colony - developed Cambridge Agreement - planned to develop religion-based gov.

John Winthrop

Who does not believe in seperation between Church and State

John Winthrop

famous for giving a speech calling their settlement a ¨City Upon a Hill.¨

John Winthrop

1675-1776; Last significant effort by the Indians of Southern New England to drive away English settlers. The Indians were led by Metacom, the Pokunoket chief whom English settlers called "King Phillip"

King Philips War

colony found as a safe haven for Catholics

Maryland

1649; Act that was passed in Maryland that guaranteed toleration to all Christians, regardless of sect but not to those who did not believe in the divinity of Jesus. Though it did not sanction much tolerance, the act was the first seed that would sprout into the first amendment, granting religious freedom to all.

Maryland Toleration Act

- looked upon trade, colonies, and the accumulation of wealth as the basis for a country's military and political strength

Mercantilism

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Middle passage

- Quaker faith, received grant of American land for a colony that he called Pennsylvania or Penn's wood

William Penn

- long time governor of the Plymouth Colony settlement - Signed Mayflower compact

William Bradford