AP Psych Chapter 4 Test

Altered Consciousness

After taking medication for his back, Todd's thoughts become fuzzy and disorganized. Todd is in a state of: a. waking consciousness. b. divided consciousness. c. altered consciousness. d. drug-induced consciousness. e. circadian rhythm.

GABA

Alcohol stimulates the release of _____, the brain's major depressant. a. GABA b. endorphins c. thyroxin d. serotonin e. insulin

Schizophrenia

Alcoholism has been linked to: a. cancer. b. schizophrenia. c. anorexia. d. osteoporosis. e. arthritis.

50; 20

Nearly ____ percent of a baby's sleep is REM, compared to about ____ percent for a normal, healthy adult. a. 20; 50 b. 90; 10 c. 10; 90 d. 50; 20 e. 30; 70

During deep non-REM sleep

Night terrors are experienced: a. during deep non-REM sleep. b. during REM sleep. c. during N1 (R&K Stage 1). d. most often during a microsleep. e. during somnambulism.

Hashish

________ is made by scraping the resin from the leaves of the cannabis sativa plant. a. Psilocybin b. Mescaline c. Hashish d. Opium e. Cocaine

Amphetamine psychosis

______________ is characterized by delusions and paranoia. a. Amphetamine psychosis b. Tolerance c. Withdrawal d. Drug interaction e. Synesthesia

N1 (R&K Stage 1)

supernatural visitations can be explained by hypnogogic hallucinations common during: a. REM sleep. b. microsleeps. c. N1 (R&K Stage 1). d. N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4). e. Stage 5 sleep.

Hypnopompic hallucination

A hallucination that happens just as a person is in the between-state of being in REM sleep and not-yet-fully-awake is: a. REM rebound. b. a hypnopompic hallucination. c. a dream. d. a hypnic jerk. e. a synaptic rebound.

40

About ___ percent of people are good hypnotic subjects. a. 40 b. 50 c. 70 d. 80 e. 20

Have more physical aggression in their dreams than women

According to researchers, men tend to: a. dream about issues related to family and home. b. have more physical aggression in their dreams than women. c. dream about males and females equally. d. report fewer sexual dreams than women. e. dream about concerns over their physical appearance.

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

According to the ________, a dream is merely another kind of thinking that occurs when people sleep. a. activation-synthesis hypothesis b. psychoanalytic model c. restorative theory d. adaptive theory e. hypnotic suggestibility model

Altered

Antwon can't seem to focus in class today. Though he's not asleep, his mind appears to be drifting off, leading to thoughts of his girlfriend, his job, and upcoming events of the day. Antwon appears to be in which of the following states of consciousness? a. waking b. unconscious c. altered d. unfocused e. hypnotic

Melatonin

As ______ accumulates in the body, a person will begin to feel sleepy. a. melatonin b. dopamine c. endorphins d. insulin e. adrenaline

Cocaine

At one point, ________ was used by doctors and dentists, sometimes as a numbing agent before extracting a tooth. It was not until much later that this drug's problematic characteristics were recognized. a. cocaine b. opium c. methamphetamine d. morphine e. MDMA

Crash

Barbiturates used in combination with alcohol may cause a lethal: a. dependence. b. crash. c. drug interaction. d. tolerance. e. hallucination.

Cannabinoids

Both marijuana and hashish contain: a. psilocybin. b. mescaline. c. opium. d. cannabinoids. e. hallucinogens.

Narcolepsy

David often experiences "sleep seizures" during the day. He probably suffers from: a. sleep apnea. b. narcolepsy. c. daytime sleep terrors. d. REM rebound. e. microsleeps

Narcotics

Depressant drugs derived from the opium poppy are called: a. narcotics. b. hallucinogens. c. depressants. d. stimulants. e. benzodiazepines.

Stimulatory hallucinogenic

Ecstasy is classified as a: a. major tranquilizer. b. narcotic. c. stimulatory hallucinogenic. d. benzodiazepine. e. barbiturate.

Need for mental rest

Eventually, everyone must sleep due to our: a. need for mental rest. b. delta waves. c. beta waves. d. biological rhythms. e. theta waves.

Controlling pain

For which of the following would hypnosis probably be most effective? a. changing eating habits b. helping people stop smoking c. curing alcoholism d. controlling pain e. retrieving lost memories

Manifest content

If you are dreaming that a monster is chasing you, the monster is the: a. latent content. b. gender schema. c. cultural content. d. manifest content. e. hallucination.

Cognitive Neuroscience

In a(n) __________ view, consciousness is generated by a set of action potentials in the communication among neurons just sufficient to produce awareness. a. cognitive neuroscience b. evolutionary c. operant conditioning d. psychoanalytic e. behaviorist

Theta

In the early stages of sleep, _______ waves appear. a. gamma b. beta c. theta d. delta e. sine

Going to bed only when sleepy

Insomnia can be helped by: a. using sleeping pills. b. dealing with anxieties directly before going to bed. c. watching TV in bed. d. going to bed only when sleepy. e. drinking coffee or tea in the evening.

Nightmares

Jonah is often a victim of bad dreams, frequently centered around being left at a store or getting lost at an amusement park. He sometimes wakes up from them, and calls for his parents to help him calm down. Jonah is experiencing: a. night terrors. b. nightmares. c. REM behavior disorder. d. somnambulism. e. "hidden observer" syndrome.

Hypnogogic images

Many researchers believe that reports of ghostly visions and alien abductions can be explained by __________ during the first stage of sleep. a. hypnogogic images b. heightened consciousness c. REM rebound d. divided consciousness e. sleep spindles

Endorphins

Opium and its derivatives duplicate the action of: a. GABA. b. insulin. c. endorphins. d. acetylcholine. e. serotonin.

Often do things they would not do under normal circumstances

People under hypnosis: a. often do things they would not do under normal circumstances. b. can have superhuman strength. c. can be made to forget what happens during the hypnotic session. d. can be regressed to past lives. e. can produce reliable enhanced memories.

Drinking fluids and sleep

Research, as well as anecdotal reports from many people, suggest that the single best cure for a hangover (the next-day symptoms that result from drinking too much alcohol) is: a. ingesting strong, caffeinated coffee. b. drinking fluids and sleep. c. drinking a small amount of alcohol. d. a cold shower. e. eating greasy, acidic food like pizza.

Microsleeps

Some instances of automobile accidents may have been caused by the driver falling asleep at the wheel, even though (s)he was certain that they had not slept. Which of the following may explain why this happens? a. microsaccades b. hemispheric lateralization c. microsleeps d. enzymatic degradation e. cataplexy

Adaptive

The _________ theory of sleep says that sleep is a product of evolution. a. restorative b. activation-synthesis c. activation-information-mode d. adaptive e. latent

Social-cognitive theory

The ___________ of hypnosis suggests that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state, but are playing the role expected of them in that situation. a. adaptive theory b. social-cognitive theory c. activation-synthesis hypothesis d. activation-information-mode model e. "hidden observer" theory

N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4)

The body is at its lowest level of functioning during: a. REM sleep. b. N1 (R&K Stage 1). c. N2 (R&K Stage 2). d. N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4). e. REM rebound.

More alert

The higher the body temperature, the _________ people are. a. calmer b. more alert c. sleepier d. more aggressive e. more sleep deprived

REM myth

The idea that people deprived of REM sleep will become paranoid and seem to be mentally ill is known as: a. REM paralysis. b. REM myth. c. REM rebound. d. REM behavior disorder. e. REM fallacy.

Are commonly used to treat anxiety

The minor tranquilizers a. are commonly used to treat anxiety. b. are not addictive. c. are not dangerous. d. are dangerous even in small doses. e. are also known as barbiturates

Freud

The real inquiry into the process of dreaming was begun by: a. Freud. b. Maslow. c. Pavlov. d. Darwin. e. Erikson.

Simple; more complex

When a person is slightly sleep deprived, ________ tasks will suffer less than _______ tasks. a. simple; more complex b. more complex; simple c. motor; mental d. mental; motor e. group; individual

Increased alertness

When under the influence of a stimulant, you are likely to be in a state of: a. waking consciousness. b. increased alertness. c. divided consciousness. d. hypnosis. e. REM sleep.

It is when 90% of dreams occur

Which of the following is TRUE about REM sleep? a. It is a much deeper, more restful kind of sleep than non-REM sleep. b. It is the stage of sleep in which the heart beats the slowest. c. It involves a lot of movement and thrashing as people have vivid dreams. d. It is when 90 percent of dreams occur. e. It is the primary stage for storing memories of learned information.

It is a cycle that takes about a day to complete

Which of the following is TRUE about the circadian rhythm? a. It consists of the changes in a person's heartbeat throughout the stages of sleep. b. It is a cycle controlled by the hippocampus. c. It is a cycle that takes about a day to complete. d. It is when most dreams occur. e. It can be reset by microsleeps.

Derrick brings his car to a sudden halt as he notices that the light has already turned red.

Which of the following situations best demonstrates waking consciousness? a. Derrick brings his car to a sudden halt as he notices that the light has already turned red. b. Doretta wobbles just a bit as she tries to walk after drinking three glasses of wine. c. Orlando carefully calculates his taxes two weeks before taxes are due. d. Kim fights to keep her eyes open as she reads a bedtime story to her children. e. Tyler has trouble falling asleep after being in bed for over two hours.

Nicotine

Which of the following was actually used as an insecticide in the 1920s and 1930s? a. heroin b. cocaine c. nicotine d. alcohol e. marijuana

The person experiencing it may stop breathing for half a minute or more

Which statement about sleep apnea is TRUE? a. It causes a person to slip suddenly into REM sleep during the day. b. There is no effective treatment for it. c. The person experiencing sleep apnea may stop breathing for half a minute or more. d. It causes SIDS. e. It is usually paired with somnambulism.

REM behavior disorder

______ is a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares. a. REM paralysis b. REM behavior disorder c. REM rebound d. REM deficit disorder e. REM cataplexy

PCP

______ is a synthesized drug so dangerous it is useful only in veterinary medicine as a tranquilizer. a. LSD b. Morphine c. Mescaline d. PCP e. MDMA

Amphetamines

________ are used to treat narcolepsy. a. Barbiturates b. Benzodiazepines c. Narcotics d. Amphetamines e. Hallucinogens

Hallucinogens

________ cause the brain to alter its interpretation of sensations. a. Narcotics b. Hallucinogens c. Barbiturates d. Amphetamines e. Caffeine

Cannabis

________ dependence is the most common in the United States after alcohol and nicotine. a. Cannabis b. Barbiturate c. Methamphetamine d. Cocaine e. Heroin